Пособие прошло апробацию в группах магистратур факультета мэо. Contents

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LISTENING For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) for the correct answer.
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A This means that they have to know how to converse across the boundaries of professional jargon, with minds that may at first seem quite alien. Everybody is clear about the importance of communication, but it is a very different thing from conversation, and traditional conversation is very different from the new kind of conversation which people feel the lack of today.




B However, this remodeling would not mean abolishing unemployment. This is too simple a goal, because the more people are educated, the more they demand jobs that are life-enhancing, interesting and useful. A lifetime of work has to be seen as a work of art, with the fulfilled individual at its centre.


C If they paid closer attention to their staff’s deepest ambitions, they would realize that there were many other services that hotels could provide. But they are restrained by the accountants, who say that firms, in order to maximize their profits, should concentrate on our core activity.


D This is because there has been no serious rethinking of what a hotel is since the days of the Ritz, with its nineteenth-century idea of luxury. A hotel is not just a place where travelers sleep, but a United Nation in miniature. People from all over the world meet at hotels, though they usually pass each other in silence.


E Having looked at those areas, I am now focusing on the search for more satisfying ways of earning a living. There is no shortage of experts devoting themselves to prolonging the life and increasing the income of corporations and institutions. But auditing our finances is not enough: we need to make an audit of ourselves as human beings too, and discover with what sort of people we want to spend our lives.


F Meanwhile, the business corporations and public institutions in which these people work are slimming. The panaceas of decentralised decision-making, increasing skills and performance-related rewards have not succeeded in winning commitment from employees. In Britain, only 8 per cent of employees ‘are strongly of the view that their values and those of their organizations are very similar’.


G This question is crucial. For however brilliant your skills, if they make you a bore, unable to converse with those outside your speciality, if you are so busy with detail that you have no time to acquire wisdom or exercise your imagination or humour, then no amount of status or financial reward will compensate for your inadequacy as a human being.


H Hotels know so little about their guests – and often about their staff – even though they spend vast sums on sophisticated IT systems to store the rather unsophisticated data they collect. Managers cling to notions of customer service based on far too simple a view of what produces ‘guest satisfaction’.


LISTENING

For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) for the correct answer.

You will hear part of a conversation between a management consultant and the Human Resources manager of Jenkins, a company which manufactures children’s clothing.

1. What is said about the ownership of Jenkins?

    1. The founder has sold the company to someone else.
    2. Jenkins has merged with another company.
    3. There has been no change of ownership.



  1. What does the Human Resources manager see as the main external threat to Jenkins?
    1. Their retailers are becoming less willing to pay their prices.
    2. Consumers are buying more top-of-the-range children’s clothes.
    3. More and more companies are producing children’s clothes.



  1. The Human Resources manager sees the company’s main strength as the fact that
    1. it has several long-term contracts.
    2. it makes products of high quality.
    3. its distribution system is efficient.



  1. The Human Resources manager believes that Jenkins’s main weakness at present is that
    1. the machinery is inadequate for current requirements.
    2. the management style is out of line with modern demands.
    3. the relations between management and workers are poor.



  1. According to the Human Resources manager, why do many machinists choose to leave?
    1. They think that they can get better paid work elsewhere.
    2. They feel that too much is expected of them.
    3. They lack confidence in the company’s future.



  1. When working to produce a batch of clothes
    1. each team is responsible for a particular operation.
    2. each member of the team produces a complete item.
    3. each person carries out one part of the production process.



  1. What change has been made to the range of goods?
    1. A smaller number of different items is produced.
    2. Each number is now made in smaller quantities.
    3. Fewer new styles are introduced each year.



  1. What is said about the machinists?
    1. More of their work is falling bellow the required standard.
    2. Some of them are earning less than they used to.
    3. They have to spend longer learning to operate new machines.