Лекции по английскому (полный курс)
Статья - Разное
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We use the present perfect tense for an action in the past with a result now (выражает действие, завершенное к данному моменту, результат которого налицо).
We use the present perfect with ever, never, already, just yet, recently, for since, etc.
Форма образования have/has + past participle of the verb
Positive (положительная форма)
I/we/you/they have done/finished
He/she/it has done/finished
Negative (отрицательная форма)
I/we/you/they have not (havent) done/finished
He/she/it has not (hasnt) done/finished
Question (вопрос)
Have I/we/you/they done/finished?
Has he/she/it done/finished?
Examples:
I have just done my work.
I havent done my work yet.
He has travelled all over the world.
They have already come home.
Irregulars (неправильные глаголы)
Base form Past Simple Past participle
Be was/were been
Become became become
Begin began begun
Build built built
Can could been able
Come came come
Cost cost cost
Do did done
Get got got
Go went gone
Have had had
Know knew known
Learn learnt learnt
Make made made
Read read read
Say said said
Take took taken
Write wrote written
HAVE GOT/ HAVE
Have got = Have (в значении “иметь”, “обладать”).
Форма “have got” чаще употребляется в разговорной речи. Форма “have got “ в прошедшем времени не употребляется.
Ive got a bad cold.
но
I had a bad cold last week.
have got have
Positive Positive
I have got some money I have some money
You have got some money You have some money
We have got some money We have some money
They have got some money They have some money
He has got some money He has some money
She has got some money She has some money
It has got some money It has some money
Negative Negative
I havent got any money I dont have any money
You havent got any money You dont have any money
We havent got any money We dont have any money
They havent got any money They dont have any money
He hasnt got any money He doesnt have any money
She hasnt got any money She doesnt have any money
It hasnt got any money It doesnt have any money
Questions Questions
Have I got any money? Do I have any money?
Have you got any money? Do you have any money?
Have we got any money? Do we have any money?
Have they got any money? Do they have any money?
Has he got any money? Does he have any money?
Has she got any money? Does she have any money?
Has it got any money? Does it have any money?
How much money have you got? How much money do you have?
How many credit cards have I got? How many credit cards do I have?
Short answers Short answers
Yes, I have./ No, I havent. Yes, I do./ No I dont.
Yes, she has./ No, she hasnt. Yes, she does./ No, she doesnt.
Тема 8
Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense
(Прошедшее продолженное время)
Настоящее Продолженное Время употребляется для обозначения действия, которое продолжалось какое-то время в прошлом в момент другого действия, выраженного, как правило, в прошедшем простом времени.
Образуется прошедшее продолженное время при помощи вспомогательного глагола “ to be” в прошедшем времени и “ing” формы смыслового глагола.
Сравните:
Настоящее продолженное Прошедшее продолженное
He is sleeping now. He was sleeping when I came.
Он спит сейчас. Он спал, когда я пришел.
I am reading now. I was reading when he phoned.
Я читаю сейчас. Я читал, когда он позвонил.
They are having dinner now. They were having dinner at 7 last night. Они обедают сейчас. Они обедали в 7 часов вечера вчера.
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола “was” (“were”).
Например:
He was watching TV when she came.
Was he watching TV when she came?
He was not watching TV when she came.
What was he doing when she came?
What was he watching when she came?
Упражнения на закрепление.
- Задайте вопросы по образцу:
Steve usually cleans his suit on Saturdays.
(when Jeff phoned)
Was Steve cleaning his suit when Jeff phoned?
- Ann usually cooks dinner at 7 oclock. (when Peter phoned)
- Jill usually goes to the library every evening. ( when we saw her)
- Liz plays the violin every day.( when mother came home)
- Mr Brown reads his newspaper after supper. (when the telephone rang)
- She usually does her homework in the afternoon. ( when Ann opened the door)
- Jane sometimes drinks coffee with Mike. ( when her husband saw them)
2. Переведите диалог и обратите внимание на использование настоящего продолженного времени.
Thomas is a student. Hes staying with the Taylors, an English family.
Thomas: Hello, Mrs Taylor. Can you help me? Im doing my homework and I cant understand this word.
Mrs Taytor: Which one? Oh... thats difficult. I cant help you now.... Im watching something...
Thomas: Oh? What are you watching?
Mrs Taylor: Im watching a cowboy film.
Thomas: Can Mr Taylor help me?
Mrs Taylor: No, he cant now, Thomas. Hes reading.
Thomas: Whats he reading?
Mrs Taytor: Hes reading a magazine.
Thomas: What about Kate?
Mrs Taylor: Oh, she cant help you now... shes phoning someone.
Thomas: Oh? Whos she phoning?
Mrs Taylor: Shes phoning her boyfriend... youre asking a lot of questions tonight, Thomas!
Thomas: Am I?... Well,
I am practicing my English!
Напишите, что делали все члены семьи Тейлор в то время, когда Томас просил ему помочь.( Переделайте настоящее продолженное время в прошедшее продолженное.)
Например: When Thomas asked Mrs Taylor to help him, she was watching a cowboy film.
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