The Russian transition to a market system
Курсовой проект - Экономика
Другие курсовые по предмету Экономика
ectors as a key to innovation development18:
To overcome the prevailing demographic trends, population stabilization and the creation of conditions for its growth, the level and quality of life in general;
Creating conditions for sustainable wage growth balanced with improved productivity and quality of the workforce, The creation of effective mechanisms to regulate the labor market, providing a combination of competitive labor market with partnerships of employees, employers and the state;
Strengthening the link pensions to wages, pensions, taking into account the development of voluntary pension savings To a level that ensures a decent standard of living for pensioners;
Ensuring availability of quality educational services, health and culture on the basis of a profound structural and technological modernization of these areas;
The transition from a system of mass education, which is characteristic for the industrial economy, to the need to create innovative social-oriented economy continuing individualized education for all;
Provision of affordable and quality housing, creating a comfortable urban environment for humans and effective housing and communal services, building a flexible system of resettlement The multi-regional and national ways of life;
Creation of effective targeted support system for the poor and providing social services for older people, The disabled and children;
To create economic conditions for the preservation and multiplication of cultural and spiritual values of Russian people
Improvement of environmental quality and ecological conditions of human life, reducing crime;
Ensuring high professional and territorial mobility of labor, The formation of a professional culture, labor and entrepreneurial values.second direction - creating a highly competitive institutional environment that encourages entrepreneurial activity and attract capital into the economy19:
Creation and development of competitive markets, a consistent de-monopolization of the economy;
Support for the formation of new companies and new businesses based on innovation (startups), promotion of small business development;
Reduction of investment and business risks through the development of financial institutions, Macroeconomic stability, protects property rights and enhances the predictability of economic policy;
Improving the access of companies to long-term financial resources, development of financial markets and other institutions ensuring the transformation of savings into capital;
Increase transparency of business, including on the basis of self-organization of the business community;
Ensuring high quality of public administration in the economic sphere.third area - the structural diversification of the economy through innovative technology development:
Formation of a national innovation system, including elements such as an integrated system of higher education research and development;
Formation of a strong scientific-technological complex, which supports the achievement and maintenance of leadership in research and technologies in priority areas, and on this basis, the insertion of Russia in the global turnover of high-tech products and technologies;
The establishment of centers of global competitiveness in manufacturing industries, including high-tech industries and knowledge economy;
Promoting the competitiveness of industries through public-private partnership, the creation of regional production clusters, Support the export of high technology products and products with high added value and reasonable protection of domestic markets in the light of international practice in this area;
Providing industries highly professional personnel managers Engineers and labor;
Improving access for Russian companies to sources of long-term investment.fourth pillar - strengthening and expanding global competitive advantage of Russias traditional sphere (energy, transport, agriculture, processing of natural resources)20:
Ensuring stability and expansion of energy supplies the worlds largest consumers, geographic and product diversification of energy exports;
The development of major sites of international energy infrastructure in Russia Based on the use of new energy technologies;
Formation of a competitive transport infrastructure Ensuring implementation of the transit potential of Russias economy;
To strengthen Russias position on the world market of timber industry complex in-depth processing of forest and sustainable reproduction of the forest wealth of the country,
Implementation of water potential of the Russian economy - into the commercial production of undeveloped water resources in Russia, promoting change in the global patterns of consumption of fresh water, With mandatory compliance with environmental requirements;
Implementation of agricultural potential in parts of exporting grain and other agricultural products, the production of environmentally friendly products, import substitution in the domestic markets of livestock products.fifth direction - the expansion and strengthening of external position of Russia, increasing the efficiency of its participation in the international division of labor21:
Empowerment of comparative advantages of Russia on foreign markets and opportunities of globalization to attract capital into the country. Technology and skilled personnel;
The gradual formation of an integrated Eurasian economic space of joint development, including the transformation of Russia into one of the worlds financial centers;
Forming a stable diversified relation with the worlds economic powerhouses to the sustainable development of the Russian economy in the long term for increasing global risks;
Strengthening the role of Russia in solving the worlds global problems and the formation of the global economic order.sixth direction - the transition to a new model of spatial development of the Russian economy:
Formation of new centers of economic and social development in the Volga and the Urals, Southern Russia, Siberia and the Far East, based on the development of energy and transport infrastructure and a network of regional production clusters Realizing the competitive potential of the territories;
Leveling the socio-economic development of regions of the country, reduction of excessive economic differentiation Territories, Overcoming areas of underdevelopment and poor living conditions in Russia;
Strengthening of the strategic management of regional development, providing increasing complexity and balance regional development and deployment of productive forces, increasing the balance of the obligations of the regional and municipal authorities and their financial capabilities.
Conclusion
Russia in the course of economic reform has moved from the administrative-command system to a modern market economy. Initially dominated by the view (with and among domestic and foreign among economists and politicians) that this transition will take years. Now it becomes clear that this transition extends over a decade. In the post-socialist countries for a long time there will be a kind of so-called transitional economic system or economy in transition. Its sort of a mixture of elements of the command and modern market systems. In some countries, these components are added to the elements of a market economy and free competition, the traditional economic system.and Applied Economics has developed several approaches to solving the problems of transition, but this was a problem of moving from a traditional to a modern market system, ie developing countries. For the transition from a command economy to a modern market, these recipes are suitable only partially and badly needed for post-socialist countries in the new direction of theoretical and applied economics - economic problems in transition - still in its infancy., we can already point out some features of the period. This is primarily a peculiar combination of economic laws of the communist and capitalist systems. In this combination, they partially cancel each other out. Moreover, we can talk about their own laws in transition system., if the transition system means the gradual strengthening of the items of the modern market economy in the weakening of the administrative-command system and the process is not uniformly), then such a system is inherent variability, and instability as one of the most distinctive features of it.
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