The lofty elevated lexicon and poetic style in the works of Samuel Johnson
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cism and loving atmosphere. We will research the poem A Short Song of Congratulation to find other stylistic devices. In the first verse we may discover an alliteration.
LONG-EXPECTED one and twenty
Двадцать один долгожданные'ring year at last has flown,
Пролетел, наконец, год ожиданияand pleasure, pride and plenty
Пышность и радость, гордость, обилие
Great Sir John, areall you rown.
Великий сэр Джон, принадлежит всё вам в день рождения.
Here is the definition given by Wikipedia: Alliteration is used by an author to create emphasis, to add beauty to the writing style, and occasionally to aid in shaping the mood. It refers to the repetition of a particular sound in the first syllables of a series of words and/or phrases[9]. So we can see here the plosive P. It gives us a sensation of pomposity and pride of the hero and stateliness and magnificence of the moment. And the round O at the end gives us the the hero`s satiation with his comfortable life. In the next verse, called Summer, we may find personification. A device which represents an inanimate object acting as if it were human.
Let me when Nature calls to rest,
Пусти меня, когда природа захочет отдохнуть
And blushing skies the morn foretell,
И небеса румяные предскажут утроon the down of Stella's breast,
В груди прекрасной Стеллы утонуть.
Прощание предложу, проснувшемуся миру.
Johnson uses personification to embellish natural phenomena and to make them more expressive and graphical. It makes us feel psychologically close to the place described by the author. In his poetry Samuel Johnson often uses a poetic and highly literary words. These words form a quantatively insignificant layer of the special literary vocabulary. They are mostly archaic or very rarely used highly literary words which aim at producing an elevated effect. Poetic words and expressions are called upon to sustain the special elevated atmosphere typical of poetry. For example, the verse Autumn.
Alas! with swift and silent pace,
Увы, шагом безмолвным и быстрымtime rolls on the year;
Нетерпеливое время года пришлоSeasons change, and Nature's face
Время года сменилось и природы лицо
Now sweetly smiles, now frowns severe.
То улыбается сладко, то хмурится строго
'Twas Spring, 'twas Summer, all was gay,
И весной и летом было всё беспечно
Now Autumn bends a cloudy brow;
Но осень нахмурила мрачные бровиflowers of Spring are swept away,
Весенние цветы все исчезли куда-то
And Summer fruits desert the bough.
И летние плоды забыты на ветви
is an example of such vocabulary, used to express sorrow, regret, grief, compassion, or apprehension of danger or evil. Twas is a contraction of it was. These words form onomatopoeia. "Onomatopoetic" is a word that imitates or suggests the source of the sound that it describes. The hissing sound S creates an atmosphere of falling leaves, or the wind blowing between the naked trees. these stylistic devices united in the verses give forth for the lofty-elevated lexicon and create what is known as the poetic style.
Conclusion
we may see from the previous parts of the term paper the lofty\elevated lexicon and poetic style are aspects of belles-lettres style dealing with poetry, emotive prose and drama. According to results of researches we may see that belles-lettres style performs the esthetic function of influence, producing an impression on the readers. It is the functional style of words which is used in poetry. A text written in this style influences on imagination and feelings of the reader, transfers thoughts and feelings of the author, using all the wealth of the lexicon. Analyzing Johnson`s poetry we may mark out the measures used by author to achieve this effect. The lofty\elevated lexicon provided at phonetic and lexical levels of words. Each of this levels has own stylistic devices distinguishing it from another level. Such stylistic devices, providing lofty\elevated lexicon in the poetry, as onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonance, rhyming and repetition are used in phonetic level. Phonetic level is the form of representation wherein expressions, or sentences, are assigned a phonetic representation, which is then pronounced by the speaker. So using sound or syllables combination, as for example in alliteration or rhyming, author will pass his senses enclosed in verse. Personification, simile and metaphor are used in lexical level. Using this devices, we can understand one thing in terms of another. They construct an analogy between two things or ideas, the analogy is conveyed by the use of a metaphorical word in place of some other word. A stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. Not less important role is played by poetic words and archaisms peculiar only for belles-lettres style. Such poetic word, as for example, Alas used only in poetic lexicon. In technical text it will be useful and even unnecessary, because it has no definite definition, but in poetry this word would be appropriate, expressing the strong filling of disappointment. So as we can see the stylistic devices, used in the verse in the right place, may express the author`s thoughts, feelings, emotions, despair or happiness and moreover, to hand them to listeners or readers and to make them feel the same. They allow to convey the sense of a poem most brightly and emotionally allowing the reader to endure all emotions enclosed in poetry.
Bibliography
english stylistic belles-lettres
1.Georges Mounin Theoretical translation problems 39-40 p.
.IlyaGolperin Essay on stylistics of English language 23p.
.IlyaGolperin Essay on stylistics of English language 28-29 p.
.John Rupert Firth The linguistic analysis and translation 26 p.
.Tatyana Znamenskаyа Stylistics of the English language 210 p.
.ValeriyGurevich English stylistics 3p.
.YurySkrebnev Principles of English language stylistics 167 p.
.Wikipedia -
.Wikipedia -
. Online dictionary ABBYY -
. Samuel Johnson`s poetry -