The concept and feature of literary translation
Курсовой проект - Иностранные языки
Другие курсовые по предмету Иностранные языки
been reached.
T.T. - Был достигнут важный этап в создании братского единства между молодежью Англии и молодежью английских колоний в Азии, Африке и Америке.
Necessity of reorganization of this offer is while translating caused by one more reason: the short predicate rhythmical does not maintain such heavy subject phrase.English language construction of the offer round any element which is as though its semantic centre is characteristic. Such difficult construction of the offer usually for style of short messages and correspondence of English newspapers. Authors of such messages aspire to include as much as possible sensational details in one offer. For example:
S.T. - Thousands of Algerians tonight fled from the dead city of Orleansville after a twelve-second earthquake had ripped through Central Algeria, killing an estimated one thousand one hundred people.
The semantic centre of the given offer is the subordinate clause subject (earthquake), instead of a main clause subject (thousands of Algerians). Round this semantic centre all other elements of the offer are grouped - where there was an earthquake as long it proceeded, how many the person was lost. While translating this offer is better for breaking into two or even three separate independent offers:
T.T. - Сегодня ночью тысячи алжирцев бежали от землетрясения из мертвого города Орлеанвиля. Землетрясению, которое продолжалось двенадцать секунд, подверглись центральные районы Алжира. Как полагают, погибло тысяча сто человек.
Sometimes, on the contrary, it is necessary to unite offers in one or to rearrange offers, in particular when it is demanded by a logic system of the offer:
S.T. - We were overjoyed - there was about a week to go - until we saw the premises. Our faces fell, our hearts sank.
T.T. - Мы ликовали, ведь оставалось всего около недели, но когда мы увидели помещение, лица у всех вытянулись, настроение упало.
Parenthetic clause transfer to transfer by a parenthetic clause is undesirable, since it would break semantic communication. Therefore the subordinate clause но когда мы увидели помещение… to unite with the second.English language cases when the new offer or even the paragraph closely connected with previous, begins with the union for for as are very extended. For Russian not so usually to begin the offer or the paragraph with these unions.Russian the offers entered by the unions так как, ибо, as a rule, separate from previous not a point, and a comma (that testifies to more close connection between them). For example:
S.T. - She wanted the three Indian jugglers arrested immediately; for they knew who was coming from London and meant some harm to Mr. Franklin Blake.
T.T. - Она хотела, чтобы немедленно арестовали трех индийских фокусников, так как они знали, кто должен был приехать из Лондона и замышляли что-то недоброе против мистера Франклина Блейка.
In this example, the close causal relationship between offers is very clearly felt, and in a Russian translation, they can be separated only by means of a comma.the following for the new paragraph begins the union:
S.T. - Sheik Abdullah al Salim al Sabah and his family who rule Kuwait by a feudal dictatorship, would not be the only ones to fear a change.
For they draw income amounting to some 150 million a year from royalties out of the oil produced by two companies, one British, the other American, who jointly own the Kuwait Oil Company.
T.T. - Шейх Абдулла аль Салим аль Сабах и его семья, правящие Кувейтом при помощи феодальной диктатуры, не единственные лица, которые боятся перемен, так как они получают доход в размере почти 150 миллионов фунтов в год, выплачиваемых им двумя нефтедобывающими компаниями - одной английской, другой американской, которые совместно владеют Кувейт Ойл Компани.
Very close logic communication between these two offers does necessary merge of two paragraphs while translating.of offers and even two paragraphs while translating not only quite probably, but even is natural, when the same thought develops in them. Such offers usually are a part of the difficult syntactic whole. Under the difficult syntactic whole the piece of the statement consisting of several offers and representing structurally-semantic unity means.simple sentence sometimes demands reorganization also in connection with discrepancy of types of a predicate in English and Russian languages. For example:
S.T. - Their summits are bare and windswept.
T.T. - На их обнаженных вершинах гуляет ветер.
Transfer of this offer as follows: Их вершины обнажены и обдуваемы ветром would be literal (it would copy structure of the English offer) and consequently it is not comprehensible. The variant of translation where the first predicative member is transferred by definition, and the second - subject and simple predicate, is correct.compound predicate with a link-verb to be in transfer is sometimes replaced with a simple predicate, thus the nominal part is usually translated by an adverb. For example:
S.T. - He was loath to come.
T.T. - Он неохотно пришел.
S.T. - Traffic was in chaos
T.T. - Уличное движение было полностью нарушено.
S.T. - The Executive Board has been quick to realize that it must bring a number of problems to the fore.
T.T. - Исполнительный Комитет быстро понял, что должен выдвинуть ряд вопросов.
The verb to be in present time in Russian, as a rule, falls. However in scientific, official or journalese prose it is often translated by verbs являться, составлять, входить, оказываться, находиться, есть etc.
S.T. - The terrestrial globe is a member of the solar system.
T.T. - Земной шар входит в солнечную систему.
The turn there is, there are too represents known difficulties while translating, and offers with this turn demand reorganization. For example:
S.T. - And there is the famous lime-tree in front of the City-Hall supported by stone pillars.
T.T. - И перед ратушей стоит знаменитая старая липа с каменными подпорками.
The design with entering there informs something new on a subject or the phenomenon, about its presence silt absence, therefore and possibility of its transfer by a simple predicate depending on a context is not excluded. For example:
S.T. - There was Penelope flying after me like mad. (W. Collins, The Moonstone)
T.T. - Я обернулся и увидел Пенелопу, которая летала за мной, как безумная…
While translating the offers beginning with this turn, on the first place the adverbial modifier of place or time either is put, and the predicate falls, or is replaced with a simple predicate.
S.T. - There were differing views yesterday about the procedure which will rule todays discussion.
T.T. - Вчера высказывались различные точки зрения относительно процедуры, под знаком которой будет проходить сегодняшнее обсуждение вопроса.
The special kind of a predicate in English language represents so-called a group-verb predicate. The predicate of this type is formed of combinations of the most common verbs (to have, to take, to give, to get, etc.) with a noun. It is necessary to notice, that the nouns, which are a part of such predicate, are often formed by conversion. For example:
S.T. - He had a wash and a smoke.
T.T. - Он умылся и закурил.
S.T. - He gave the coat a brush and a shake.
T.T. - Он почистил пальто щеткой и встряхнул его.
S.T. - He took the bellrope in his hand and gave it a brisk tug.
T.T. - Схватив шнурок звонка, он резко его дернул.
The predicate of this type is usually translated into Russian by a simple predicate, but sometimes it is necessary to enter an additional word: выкурил папиросу, почистил щеткой etc. This word transfers value of a nominal part of a group predicate., it is necessary to stop on transfer of so-called attributive group