Peculiarities of British and American variants in the English Language
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Другие дипломы по предмету Иностранные языки
?ого языка (средний и новый периоды). М., МГУ, 1965.
54.Соссюр Ф. де. Труды по языкознанию/Пер. с фр. М., 1977.
55.Чейф У.Л. Значение и структура языка/Пер. с англ. М., 1975.
56.Швейцер А.Д. Очерк современного английского языка в США. М. , 1963.
57.Ярцева В.Н. Развитие национального литературного английского языка. М., 1969.
Appendix
following phonetic differences should be mentioned:
. Vowel system:
[] is used in AE where in BC they have [a:], as in plant, grass, half, bath
[?] occurs in AE where in BE [o], is implied as in body, shot, hot.
[РЖ] or [?] is used in AE where the BE uses [ai], as in civilization, specialization, but in some cases the reverse can be observed, when the BE monophthongs is diphthonized in AE, as in simultaneously, direct.
[u] is used in AE instead of [ju] in BE, as in suit, duty, knew, Tuesday, student.
. Consonant system:
[t] Is voiced in the intervocalic position and before l, as in letter, little, bitter, battle.
[t] Is lost after n: twenty, wanted.
[l] Is clear or soft in BE and in AE as in lamp, luck, look.
[r] Is pronounced in such positions as father, dirt, far, car.grammatical system of the language is more or less stable. Still we can find some differences there:
. Verb system:verbs regarded as irregular in British English, are treated as regular in American English.: learnt, dreamt, spelt, smelt: learned, dreamed, spelled, smelled
. Usage of prepositions:EnglishAmerican Englishthe street On the streetof doing somethingNervous about doing somethingofMembership into Chat withJune to December From June through Decemberthe weekendOn the weekendspeaking, Americans tend to omit prepositions where British carefully insert them. This tendency to simplify grammatical constructions can be illustrated by different forms of grammatical tenses and moods:EnglishAmerican Englishyou got a pencil?Do you have a pencil?said that I should go with him.He said to go with him.colloquial words Americans very often omit auxiliary have in the constructions: I had better go (АА: I better go) or use adverbs without -ly:EnglishAmerican Englishwent out slowly.He went out slow.felt awfully sleepy.I felt awful sleepy.the sphere of vocabulary the difference between British and American English lies in the intensity of the process. American English is more open to neologisms. Among the most productive ways of word-formation conversion must be mentioned. Back formation is also very productive:bus, to edit, to laze, to fax etc.kinds of shortenings are very popular with the Americans:, copter (helicopter), motel, auditeria etc.is possible to distinguish three types of vocabulary in American English:
. General English word-stock
. Common ideas, expressed by different words
. The same words having different meanings
. words, expressing realia, with no counterpart in the other variant:
British EnglishAmerican Englishto fly into rageto blow one's topto work at a second jobto moonlightto take over a plane, ship or motor vehicle by forceto hijack
Nowadays the difference in the vocabulary is very difficult to trace because a great number of Americanisms are borrowed into British English.differences
Thus, we can see that the most popular tendency in American English is to simplify spelling, grammar and phonetics. American English has its own peculiarities and can be distinguished between other variants of the English language.