Australian English: main characteristics
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, officials and followers of Australian rules football, have devised many unique concepts, terms, slang and nicknames. Some of these, such as footy, Grand Final and State of Origin have entered wider Australian usage, even among followers of other codes of football.
3.2 Vehicles
Work vehicles
In Australian English the term ute, short for utility vehicle, refers to a passenger car-like vehicle with a tray back, possibly with sides, a rear gate and/or a removable cover or any small truck. Australian-made Holden Commodore and Ford Falcon utes are based on family car chassis, and are normally much smaller than current North American pickup trucks. The term is generally consistent with pickup in most countries. However, all imported pickups are also known as utes in Australia.
Truck (rather than lorry) has been the only term for heavy goods vehicles in Australia since World War II. Four-wheel drive, which is often abbreviated in writing as 4WD, is the usual name for the class of vehicles known elsewhere as SUVs, as well as utes with 4WD capability. In contrast to American English, neither utes nor passenger 4WD vehicles are usually regarded as being trucks in Australia. Four-wheel drives that are used only in the city and never for off-road driving are commonly given derogatory nicknames based on the names of wealthier suburbs of Australias various state capital cities, the most common of these is Toorak Tractors, referring to the Melbourne suburb of Toorak.are a variety of terms for large and/or articulated trucks, depending on the type of cargo area, size/length, number of axles/wheels and so on. A single trailer articulated truck (typically with 32 wheels in Australia) is known as a semi-trailer or semi (/'se. mi/ not /'se. m?e/ as in the USA), an articulated truck with two trailers (typically with 50 tyres) is known as a B-Double (the lead trailer has a fifth wheel supporting the second trailer), or Double Semi. The largest of all articulated trucks are road trains, common on outback highways, which have at least three trailers and often more. In all articulated truck configurations, the powered vehicle at the front is invariably known as a prime mover.
Police vehicles
The panel vans used by police forces are known in most parts of Australia as paddywagons or as black marias (although this term is also used to refer to the vans used to transport prisoners between prison and courts), in accordance with international usage. However, in Melbourne as in other parts of Victoria they are often also called divvy vans, an abbreviation of the archaic Victoria Police jargon divisional van. The staccato chant of Youre going home in the back of a divvy van" (followed by clapping) can occasionally be heard when a crowd is nearby one of these vehicles, or when a person is led away by the police at a sporting or other large event. In Sydney, some people refer to similar vehicles as bull wagons and in the Riverina they are known as bundy wagons.special purpose police vans, generally on truck chassis, which have facilities to test the blood alcohol levels of suspected drunk drivers, are known as booze buses.
.3 Military slang
The Australian Defence Force (ADF) is made up of the Australian Army, the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). Each has their own distinct traditions but share a defense force culture. This culture includes Australian military slang. Some words, such as digger, meaning a soldier, have become widely used by Australians in general. However, most slang used in the ADF is restricted to its personnel, or is widely understood outside Australia.
3.4 Rhyming slang
A common feature of traditional Australian English was rhyming slang, based on Cockney rhyming slang and imported by migrants from London in the 19th century. For example Captain Cook rhymes with look, so to have a captain cook or to have a captain" means to have a look.Australian rhyming slang is very localised, for example, a reference to the Sydney racetrack Warwick Farm (arm), or a former Melbourne radio station 3KZ (head).slang was often used to create euphemistic terms for obscene words. In recent years this feature of Australian English has declined, once again due in part to the Americanisation of popular culture, as well as the passage of time and the impermanent nature of slang.
Conclusion
sum up, we should say that this project analysis was conducted with the purpose of investigation of main peculiarities of Australian English. According to this purpose the main task of the project consisted in carrying out of Australian English analysis using the information about Australian vocabulary, Aboriginal influence, countrys history and so on.compliance with specified purpose and main task of the project the following tasks were resolved:
.Australian English peculiarities were determined and specified.
2.History and origin of Australian English were considered.
.Australian slang peculiarities and dictionary were analyzed.
.Finally, Australian words, words and expressions used in different life spheres were discussed.
The tasks (1), (2) were accomplished in the first theoretical clause, task (3) was implemented in the second clause and the task (4) was implemented in the third clause of this project. As a whole, the concernment and urgency of this project consists in conducted analysis of Australian English, that includes useful information concerning Australian way of words, slang dictionary and other peculiarities.general, we can say that offered project can be worthy of notice because of reasons specified above and that is why it can be useful for getting knowledge about Australian English peculiarities.
Literature
1.Arthur, J. M. (1996) Aboriginal English, Oxford University Press, Australia.
2.Bell, R. (1998) Americanization and Australia, UNSW Press.
.Crystal, D. (1995) Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, Cambridge University Press.
.Mitchell, Alexander G. (1995) The Story of Australian English, Sydney, Dictionary Research Centre.
.Peters, Pam. (1986) Spelling principles, In: Peters, Pam, ed., Style in Australia: Current Practices in Spelling, Punctuation, Hyphenation, Capitalisation, etc.
.Robert J. Menner. (1946) The Australian Language American words, Vol.21, No.2.
.The So Called American Spelling. 1901 pamphlet, Sydney, E. J. Forbes.
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