Книги по разным темам
Pages: | 1 | ... | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ... | 11 | (72,0)
55
Hungary
OS (DS)
PC, MEBO
More than 50
1566
(87,7)
80
Poland
MEBO
MP1, OS (DS)
More than 50
(35,7)
n.a.
65
Romania
MEBO
OS (DS)
Up to 50
(28,4)
(95,5)
60
Armenia
MP1
MP2, MEBO
Up to 50
1010 (72,3)
(77,8)
60
Azerbaijan
MP1
DS, MEBO
70% of 3200 enterprises' assets by mid-2000
(71,0)
45
Georgia
MP2
MEBO (DS)
More than 50
876 (73,1)
(93,8)
60
Kazakhstan
MP1
OS (DS)
70
n.a.
(100,0)
55
Kyrgyzstan
MP1
MEBO
Up to 50
(63,8)
60
Estonia
OS (DS)
MEBO, MP
More than 50
(99,0)
(99,6)
70
Latvia
MP1
OS (DS)
38,2
1351
n.a.
60
Lithuania
MP1
MEBO, DS
Up to 50
1034
n.a.
70
Belarus
MEBO
MP
n.a.
(25,5)
20
Moldova
MP2
OS (DS)
Up to 50
1100
n.a.
45
Russia
MP2
OS, MEBO
More than 50
35 000
115 000
70
Ukraine
MP1
MEBO
Up to 25
7800 (72,4)
n.a.
55
Tajikistan
MEBO
MP
Up to 25
(11,3)
(50,0)
30
Turkmenistan
MEBO
DS
n.a.
15
1779
25
Uzbekistan
MEBO
MP, DS, IP
Up to 50
18 264
45
Mongolia
MP
MEBO
n.a.
470 (70,0)
n.a.
n.a.
Abbreviations: MP1 – mass (voucher) privatisation with equal access of all citizens, MP2 - mass (voucher) privatisation with significant concessions to insiders, MEBO – management and employee buy-outs, OS – sale to the formally outside owners, DS – direct sales, PC – preferencial credit, IP – through insolvency proceedings, SF – transfer of shares to the social funds. Main and secondary privatisation methods indicate the contribution (importance) of the concrete methods to the privatisation of SOE assets.
Sources: Boehm, ed., 1997; EBRD, 1997,1998; IET, 1998.
Table 2. Changes in the ownership structure, % of total (Means)
Georgia | Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Moldova | Russia | Ukraine | |||||||
1995 | 1997 | 1995 | 1997 | 1995 | 1997 | 1995 | 1997 | 1995 | 1997 | 1995 | 1997 | |
Managers | 41,5 | 53,6 | 23,1 | 29,4 | 28,1 | 34,4 | 7,2 | 18,3 | 25,4 | 36,3 | 14,6 | 46,2 |
Employees | 9,4 | 10,4 | 10,7 | 8,2 | 38,3 | 36,4 | 21,6 | 19,7 | 26,0 | 23,3 | 23,6 | 15,3 |
State | 41,0 | 23,3 | 34,8 | 16,1 | 12,4 | 5,6 | 38,6 | 23,8 | 23,5 | 14,7 | 42,6 | 15,4 |
Local Outsiders * | 4,9 | 8,0 | 23,6 | 30,2 | 16,8 | 18,9 | 24,7 | 22,6 | 23,4 | 21,5 | 18,9 | 17,7 |
Foreign Outsiders | 1,0 | 2,2 | 4,4 | 6,8 | 2,2 | 2,3 | 0,3 | 2,1 | 1,6 | 3,8 | 0,3 | 0,9 |
Individuals | 2,0 | 2,2 | 3,4 | 9,3 | 2,2 | 2,4 | 7,6 | 13,5 | 0,1 | 0,4 | 0,2 | 4,5 |
* (incl. Investment funds)
Source: Djankov, 1999.
Table 3. Stock ownership structure in Russian joint-stock companies in 1994-1999 (data obtained in different surveys, %)
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |||||||||||||
After priv. | 1994 | 1996 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1995 | 1997 | 1999 | |||||
1. Insiders, total | 66 | 66 | 58 | 62 | 56 | 56 | 65 | 55 | 58 | 58,5 | 51,6 | 51,3 | ||||
- employees | 47 | 44 | 43 | 53 | 43 | 40 | 56 | 39 | 40 | 48,5 | 39,5 Pages: | 1 | ... | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ... | 11 | Книги по разным темам
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