Книги по разным темам Pages:     | 1 |   ...   | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |   ...   | 27 |

The Ergenekon gang, named after the legendary retreat of the Gktrk (Sky Turks), was blamed to plan Сa coup dТtat for 2009Т with Сthe purpose of creating chaos in the country and thus an atmosphere suitable for a military takeover.ТIn this context, it is important to remember that the Turkish republic is built by the military in a War of Independence. The importance of the military as the guarantee of the state is still visible even in the expression of non-military associations. Just one example: A poster of the Aydn Chess District Representative in 2009 shows Atatrk in front of marching soldiers saying СThe Turkish nation loves its armed forces; and regards it as the preserver of its ideals.ТThe fear of the nationalists, the military as well as the bulk of the population is still that Turkey could be split and fall apart. This scenario is worked out in the novel СMetal FrtnaТ (СThe Metal StormТ), published in winter/spring 2004/2005 by Orkun Uar and Burak Turna. In this paradigmatic fiction, US forces invade Turkey in 2007 in order to Сdivide Turkey between Greece and Armenia and also allow for the emergence of a Kurdish state.Т31 The importance and effect of the book on the public is shown by the fact that it Сsold about 500,000 copies.ТIt is obvious that the year 2005 marks a turning point in the debate between the nationalists and their opponents. On the one hand Dink and his 38 Power and Powerlessness of Intellectuals in Turkey supporters (as afak and Pamuk) published columns and novels and gave interviews. Concomitant with this, they challenged the powerful. On the other hand, the nationalists faced the challenge and reacted. They wanted to prosecute these crimes and discovered a powerful ally, the law. The increase of the liberality in the group of intellectuals of the more left-leaning opposition resulted in even more accentuated expressions of the nationalist movement.

6. Indications for a Change in Power In the hours after DinkТs killing, hundreds gathered spontaneously in IstanbulТs central Taksim Square. In the evening they marched from there to DinkТs office in ili chanting: СWe are all Armenians! We are all Hrant Dink!Т On 23 January 2007, more than 100,000 people escorted DinkТs coffin repeating the same slogans СWe are all Armenians! We are all Hrant Dink!Т The solidarity Dink did not receive in his lifetime was shown for him after his death. Taner Akam, one of DinkТs close friends, is convinced that the intellectuals marched as they felt ashamed. Pamuk expressed his concern in a similar way. One day after his murder, he visited DinkТs family to express his condolences.

DinkТs death did not change the fundamental convictions. The clash within the Turkish society, described by afak as Сa collision between those who are state-oriented and those who are civil-society orientedТ is going on.Reflecting the last eight years from the perspective of the antinationalistic intellectual movement, the year 2005 can be marked as the year of confrontation. The murder of Dink in 2007 happened on hatred and desire for vengeance. In this respect, the year 2007 can be called the year of shame.

In opposite, the year 2009 is a year of change.

On 6 September 2008, President Abdullah Gl went to Yerevan to watch a football match between Turkey and Armenia in order to qualify for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Despite of all historical grievances and against the oppositionТs resistance, Gl accepted an invitation by the president of Armenia, Serge Sargsyan.34 It was the first ever visit of a president of Turkey to Armenia.

In December 2008, a group of at first 200 Turkish intellectuals published the following apology:

My conscience does not accept the insensitivity showed to and the denial of the Great Catastrophe that the Ottoman Armenians were subjected to in 1915. I reject this injustice and for my share, I empathize with the feelings and pain of my Armenian brothers and sisters. I apologize to them.Georg F. Simet By March 2009, this petition has been signed already by over 30,000 Turks around the world.GlТs football diplomacy achieved concrete political results, too. On 10 October 2009, the foreign ministers of Turkey and Armenia signed two protocols on establishing diplomatic ties and developing relations between the two countries.These protocols could be an important step towards the fulfilment of one of DinkТs dreams. As Taner Akam reported about his last talks with Dink, it was DinkТs wish to open the borders in order to bring the people together. He believed that the offsetting of misconduct (in the past) is not as important as a mutual understanding (now). Today, Armenians do not know much about Turkey and Turks know almost nothing about Armenia. This is to be changed. The Islamic politicians from the AKP and the antinationalistic intellectuals try this challenging way. They deserve our support.

Notes S Rosenkranz ТSprachrohr der UnsichtbarenТ, in Stern.de, 19 January 2007, viewed on 25 January 2010, Dink, СA pigeon-like unease of spiritТ, in Opendemocracy.net, 22 January 2007, viewed on 25 January 2010, democracy-turkey/pigeon_4271.jsp. ; H Dink, СThe Pigeon-like Unease of My Inner SpiritТ, in Qantara.de, viewed on 25 January 2010, Bilgen-Reinart, СHrant Dink: forging an Armenian identity in TurkeyТ, in Opendemocracy.net, 7 February 2006, viewed on 25 January 2010, Corley, СHrant Dink: Armenian Champion in TurkeyТ, in The Independent on Sunday, 22 January 2007, viewed on 25 January 2010, Keunen, СCartoons Illustrate Lack of Press Freedom in TurkeyТ, in Nrchandelsblad, 4 February 2009, viewed on 2 February 2010, te_lack_of_press_freedom_in_Turkey.

International Freedom of eXchange, СTwo Sentenced for СInsulting TurkishnessТ as European Court Rules Against TurkeyТ, in Ifex.org, October 2007, viewed on 25 January 2010, 2007/10/16/two_sentenced_for_insulting_turkishness.

40 Power and Powerlessness of Intellectuals in Turkey ibid.

R Lea, СIn Istanbul, A Writer Awaits Her Day in CourtТ, in Guardian.co.uk, 24 July 2006, viewed on 25 January 2010, 2006/jul/24/fiction.voicesofprotest.

O Leonidas, СFreedom of Expression in Contemporary Turkey: Beyond Article 301Т, in Blogs.eliamep.gr, 2 September 2009, viewed on 25 January 2010, News, СTop Novelist Acquitted in TurkeyТ, in News.bbc.co.uk, September 2006, viewed on 25 January 2010, Fowler, СTurkey, a Touchy Critic, Plans to Put a Novel on TrialТ, in The New York Times, 15 September 2006, viewed on 25 January 2010, Rainsford, СTurkish novelist case collapsesТ, in BBC News, Istanbul, September 2006, viewed on 25 January 2010, europe/5366048.stm.

S Kleid, СElif Safak: The Bastard of IstanbulТ (Book Review), in Kqed.org, 27 March 2007, viewed on 25 January 2010, literature/article.jspessid=14802.

S Fowler, op. cit.; R Lea, op. cit.

S Fowler, op. cit.

E Shafak, Bastard of Istanbul, Penguin Books, London, 2007, pp. 53-54.

A Chrisafis, СTurkey Warns France over Armenian Genocide BillТ, in guardian.co.uk, viewed on 25 January 2010, world/2006/oct/11/turkey.eu.

I N Grigoriadis, Upsurge amidst Political Uncertainty, Nationalism in post-2004 Turkey, SWP Research Paper, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, German Institute for International and Security Affairs, Berlin, 2006, p.13, viewed on 25 January 2010, get_document.phpasset_id=3380.

G Othman, СOhran Pamuk, the Armenian Genocide and Turkish NationalismТ, in Asianews.it, 18 May 2009, viewed on 25 January 2010, Hrriyet nternet okurlar, СNobelТe СErmeniТglgesi dtТ, in Hrriyet, October 2006, viewed on 25 January 2010, gundem/5246961.aspm=1&gid=112&srid=3428&oid=1.

ISTANBUL Milliyet, СTrkiyeТnin NOBEL yorumuТ, in Milliyet Online, December 2006, viewed on 25 January 2010, F. Simet D Zaptcioglu, СDer verlorene Sohn, Pamuk und die TrkenТ, in Spiegel.de, 13 October 2006, viewed on 26 January 2010, literatur/0,1518,442333,00.html. Spiegel Online International, СTurkey Drops Orhan Pamuk Trial, Avoiding EU CondemnationТ, 23 January 2006, in Spiegel.de, viewed on 26 January 2010, 0,1518,396786,00.html.; A Flood, СPamuk СInsult to TurkishnessТ Claims Return to CourtТ, in Guardian.co.uk, 15 May 2009, viewed on 26 January 2010, ness-court.

H Dink, СI Have the Right to Die in the Country I was Born InТ, in Bilkent.edu.tr, 25 January 2007, viewed on 26 January 2010, The journalistТs last interview he granted to Ellen Rudnitsky and Mirko Schwanitz, International Organization of Journalists, two days before he was murdered.

I N Grigoriadis, oc. cit., p. 15.

TodayТs Zaman Istanbul, СErgenekon coup planner called army friends for helpТ, in TodayТs Zaman, E-Gazette, 30 January 2008, viewed on 22 January 2010, Aydn Satran l Temsilcilii, С30 Austos Zafer Bayrami TurnuvasiТ, in Aydinsatranciltemsilciligi.com, 30 August 2009, viewed on 26 January 2010, N Grigoriadis, op. cit., pp. 13-14.

ibid., p. 14.

E Shafak, СThere Is No Clash of CivilizationsТ, in Qantara.de, 2005, viewed on 26 January 2010, article.php/_c-476/_nr-459/i.html.

M Zambak, Football diplomacy between Ankara and Yerevan, in AsiaNews.it, 9 May 2008, viewed on 26 January 2010, СErmenilerden zr DiliyorumТ, in Ozurdiliyoruz.com, December 2008, viewed on 26 January 2010, ozurdiliyoruz.com.

A Gakavian, СA Genocide, a Turkish Apology and an Armenian Thank YouТ, in Garoon Monthly, Sydney, March 2009, viewed on 26 January 2010, _2009Feb.pdf.

Auswrtiges Amt, СA New Chapter in Turkish-Armenian RelationsТ, in Auswaertiges-amt.de, 12 October 2009, viewed on 26 January 2010, /091012-tuerkei-armenien-annaeherung,navCtx=34882.html.

42 Power and Powerlessness of Intellectuals in Turkey Bibliography Algan, B., СThe Brand New Version of Article 301 of Turkish Penal Code and the Future of Freedom of Expression Cases in TurkeyТ. German Law Journal. vol. 9 (12). 2008, pp. 2237-2251, viewed on 25 January 2010, International, СTurkey: Article 301 is a Threat to Freedom of Expression and Must be Repealed Now!Т. in Amnestyusa.org. 1 December 2005. viewed on 25 January 2010, Amt, СA New Chapter in Turkish-Armenian RelationsТ.

Auswaertiges-amt.de. 12 October 2009. viewed on 26 January 2010, 091012-tuerkei-armenien-annaeherung,navCtx=34882.html.

Aydn Satran l Temsilcilii, С30 Austos Zafer Bayrami TurnuvasiТ.

Aydinsatranciltemsilciligi.com. 30 August 2009, viewed on 26 January 2010, News, СTop Novelist Acquitted in TurkeyТ. News.bbc.co.uk. September 2006. viewed on 25 January 2010, 2/hi/europe/5366446.stm.

Bilgen-Reinart,., СHrant Dink: Forging an Armenian Identity in TurkeyТ.

Opendemocracy.net. 7 February 2006, viewed on 25 January 2010, A., СTurkey Warns France over Armenian Genocide BillТ.

Guardian.co.uk. viewed on 25 January 2010, F., СHrant Dink: Armenian Champion in TurkeyТ. The Independent on Sunday. 22 January 2007, viewed on 25 January 2010, СErmenilerden zr DiliyorumТ. Ozurdiliyoruz.com.

December 2008, viewed on 26 January 2010, oruz.com.

Georg F. Simet Dink, H., СA Pigeon-like Unease of SpiritТ. in Opendemocracy.net. January 2007, viewed on 25 January 2010, СI Have the Right to Die in the Country I was Born InТ. Bilkent.edu.tr.

25 January 2007, viewed on 26 January 2010, СThe Pigeon-like Unease of My Inner SpiritТ. Qantara.de. viewed on January 2010, СThe Water Finds its Crack: An Armenian in TurkeyТ.

Opendemocracy.net. 19 January 2009, reprint from 13 December 2005, viewed on 26 January 2010, A., СPamuk СInsult to TurkishnessТ Claims Return to CourtТ.

Guardian.co.uk. 15 May 2009, viewed on 26 January 2010, S., СTurkey, a Touchy Critic, Plans to Put a Novel on TrialТ. The New York Times. 15 September 2006, viewed on 25 January 2010, A., СA Genocide, a Turkish Apology and an Armenian Thank YouТ. Garoon Monthly. Sydney, March 2009, viewed on 26 January 2010, _2009Feb.pdf.

Pages:     | 1 |   ...   | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |   ...   | 27 |    Книги по разным темам