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Thus 34,000 unitary enterprises failed to make their accounting for the results of 1999 available. The reasons could be connected to the fact that they were in the process of reorganizing, liquidation, or bankruptcy, and also to their conducting accounting according to a simplified system due to their size (small unitary enterprises).

2. Dynamics and structure of state enterprises by forms of property ownership and branches in the 1990s

As was shown above, the sector of unitary enterprises includes enterprises owned by the Russian Federation, its subjects (republics, krais, oblasts, etc), and municipal formations. Not possessing accurate data on the number of unitary enterprises for each of these forms of property ownership, for purposes of analysis one may turn to information from the State Committee on Property of the Russian Federation data bank for state enterprises on an independent balance sheet for 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1998 (Table 3).

Table 3

Number and structure of state enterprises on an independent balance sheet according by form of property ownership in 1993-1998

Date	Total		Federal ownership		Republican ownership		Krai, oblast ownership		Constituent members of the Russian Federation ownership		Municipal ownership
	units	in %	units	in %	units	in %	units	in %	units	in %	units	in %
1 Feb. 1993	199459	100	107887	54.1	11572	5.8	13573	6.8	25145	12.6	66427	33.3
1 Jan 1994, of 1993, %	156635 78.5	100	63284 58.7	40.4	10765 93.0	6.9	15633 115.2	10.0	26398 105.0	16.9	66953 100.8	42.7
1 Jan 1995, of 1994, %	126846 81.0	100	45384 71.7	35.8	10928 101.5	8.6	11829 75.7	9.3	22757 86.2	17.9	58705 87.7	46.3
1July 1995, of 1.01. 1995, %	119879 94.5	100	41629 91.7	34.7	10905 99.8	9.1	11617 98.2	9.7	22522 99.0	18.8	55728 94.9	46.5
1 Jan 1996, of 1 Jan 1995, %; of 1 July 1995, %	90778 71.6 75.7	100	33290 73.4 80.0	36.7	8209 75.1 75.3	9.0	7218 61.0 62.1	8.0	15427 67.8 68.5	17.0	42061 71.6 75.5	46.3
1 June1996, of 1996, %	88864 97.9	100	31824 95.6	35.8	7570 92.2	8.5	6885 95.4	7.7	14455 93.7	16.3	42585 101.2	47.9
1 Jan1998, of 1 Jan 1996, %; of 1 June 1996, %; of 1 Feb 1993, %	88264 97.2 99.3 44.3	100	29666 89.1 93.2 27.5	33.6	7872 95.9 104.0 68.0	8.9	7393 102.4 107.4 54.5	8.4	15265 98.9 105.6 60.7	17.3	43333 103.0 101.8 65.2	49.1
Doinikov*	87714	100	29550	33б7	Е	Е	Е	Е	14528	16.6	43636	49.7

* - The number of unitary enterprises without indication of concrete data, presumably the number of state enterprises on an independent balance sheet as of the beginning of 1999.

Source: State Committee on Property of the Russian Federation data bank; I.V. Doinikov. Pravovoe regulirovanie gosudarstvennogo predprinimatel’stva: Uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie (Judicial regulating of state business enterprises: An learning and methodological textbook). Moscow: PRIOR Publishing House, 2001, 102; calculations by the authors.

The data from Table 3 show that the basic tendency in the correlation among diverse types of state enterprises in the 1990s was the running-ahead decrease in the number of federal state enterprises (almost by four times) in comparison with state enterprises of republics within the Russian Federations and of municipal formations (by about one third). State enterprises belonging to the property ownership of krais and oblasts occupied an intermediate position among them: their number decreased by forty-five percent.

While the number of federal state enterprises decreased undeviatingly, the dynamics of state enterprises of other forms of property ownership were not so unambiguous. Thus the number of republican state enterprises in 1994 grew by 1.5 percent, and in 1996-1997 by four percent. The number of state enterprises belonging to the property ownership of krais and oblasts as of 1 January 1994 grew by sixteen percent in comparison with the beginning of 1993, while between 1 January 1996 and 1 January 1998 the number grew by 2.4 percent. For municipal enterprises the analogous indicators comprised 0.8 percent and three percent, respectively.

The factual stagnation of the privatization process which began in the summer of 1996 can be clearly seen from Table 3. The number of state enterprises on an independent balance sheet as of 1 January 1998 was practically unchanged in comparison with 1 Juune 1996. Moroever, the number of state enterprises had risen for all forms of property ownership (with the exception of federal ownership).

The basic results of all these processes were:

- a time and a half decrease in the share of federal state enterprises in the overall mass of state enterprises on an independent balance sheet (from fifty-four percent at the beginning of 1993 to thirty-three to thirty-seven percent in 1995-1998);

- a practically undeviating growth in the share of municipal enterprises (from one third at the beginning of 1993 to almost one half at the beginning of 1998;

- the share of state enterprises belonging to the property ownership of constituent members of the Russian Federation grew the least (from 12.6 percent at the beginning of 1993 to about seventeen or eighteen percent in the following years);

- Republican enterprises began predominating in the mass of state enterprises belonging to the property ownership of constituent members of the Russian Federation beginning in early 1996,2

although the republics comprise less than one quarter of all constituent members of the Russian Federation, and their proportion of the aggregate population of the country as of the beginning of 1998 comprised about sixteen percent, and about thirteen percent in the gross regional product in 1997 for Russia as a whole.

The structure of state enterprises on an independent balance sheet in the 1990s is represented below (Table 4).

Table 4

Structure of state and municipal enterprises in Russia in 1993-1998 on independent balance sheets by branches of industry (in percentages)

Branches	As of 1Feb 1993	As of 1Jan 1994	As of 1Jan 1995	As of 1July 1995	As of 1Jan 1996	As of 1June 1996	As of 1April 1997	As of 1Jan 1998
Light industry	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7
Food industry	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.2	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Construction enterprises	7.2	7.9	7.2	6.9	5.5	5.2	4.9	4.8
Construction materials industry	1.3	1.3	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Agricultural enterprises and equipment maintenance servicing for agriculture	7.2	6.8	6.4	6.8	7.1	7.2	7.2	7.2 Pages:     | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |   ...   | 7 |    Книги по разным темам