2

24

8

25

3

26

4

27

8

28

3

29

2

30

3

Total

2

2

1

2

2

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

1

3

1

8

1. Typologies of countries by V. V. Volski

The typology perse is a comprehensive study basing on bothquantitative and qualitative indicators. The historical specifics ofcountries’ formationand development, civilization peculiarities affecting the current situation,and concrete indicators emphasized or de-emphasized by the researcher are a keycharacteristic determining the>

To single out types of countries Volski alsouses a very broad base of social and economic indicators. The key principle isthe compatibility of countries’ indicators. The whole set of indicators is taken into account;however, no indicator is determined as decisive factor and countries areclassified basing on the interdependency and interrelation of all indicators.

The following key indicators (criteria) areset:

• Size of the territory;
• Availability and amount of natural resources (land, mineral,forest, water);
• Size of population;
• Per capita GDP;
• Structure of GDP and economically active population;
• Labor productivity across sectors;
• Added value generated in manufacturing industries;
• Relative level (coefficient) of industrialization;
• Labor productivity in agriculture and the degree of land useintensity;

Several indicators of Volski typologycharacterize the character of external economic activities of countries:

• Amounts of export and import of capital;
• Export capacity of the economy. It is the share of the country inthe world export of goods and services as compared to its share of the worldGDP. The balance of external trade is also used with this indicator;
• Trade structure of export and import of goods;
• Export Effectiveness Coefficient. This coefficient is computed bydividing the ratio between country’s per capita exports and the per capita world exports by the ratiobetween the share of country’s export in its GDP and the share of the world exports in theworld GDP;
• Social indicators. These indicators include the degree of trainingof labor force and skilled workers, the share of illiterate population, thelevel of public health care;
• Indicators characterizing the level of research and developmentactivities.

In spite of the fact that this typology isbased on a considerable number of statistical indicators, it also sets a greatvalue precisely upon expert qualitative analysis. Each country inevitably hassome peculiar features, including those not mechanically comparable inquantitative terms. Therefore, the typology allows for only partial conformityof figures across all parameters for each type of countries.

The typology is of a hierarchical characterand includes three tiers: 3 groups, 8 types, and 13 subtypes. Expertevaluations played an important role in distributing the countries across thesecategories.