Социальный страх

Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee

ii aunoaio ia?aciaaieth

I?aiao?aneee ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao

Eaoaae?a oeeinioee



























?aoa?ao ii eieaa:

?Nioeeaeueiue no?ao?



























A?oiia 96 INE

Auiieiee:Ai?y/aa A.TH.









1997 aiae.















AEAAA I

I?IAEAIA NO?AOA A ?AAIOAO OEEINIOIA I?IOEIAI

I?iaeaia no?aoa eae aaaeiaeoaai iiaeona /aeiaa/aneiai nouanoaiaaiey,
i?aaiecaoeee aioo?aiiaai aeooiaiiai ie?a /aeiaaea ainoiaeeo ei?iyie e
naiui ia?aui iiiuoeai iniuneaiey ethaeueie naiaai i?aaeiacia/aiey ia
caiea e a ie?a. I?aeoe/anee ana oeeinioneea oeieu e iai?aaeaiey oae eee
eia/a ?anniao?eaaee no?ao a ?aieao niioaaonoaothueo ie?iaicc?ai/aneeo
nenoai. Iiiuoaainy auaeaeeoue iaeaieaa oeaiiua e nouanoaaiiua
iaua/aeiaa/aneea aniaeou iiieiaiey no?aoa a enoi?ee noaiiaeaiey
oeeinioneie iunee, i?aaenoaaeythuea ia oieueei enoi?e/aneee eioa?an, ii
e inoathueany ai iiiaii aeooaeueiuie a nia?aiaiiuo o?aeoiaeao i?e?iaeu e
cia/aiey no?aoo)

Iaeio ec ia?auo iiiuoie ?aoeeiiaeece?iaaoue i?aaenoaaeaiey /aeiaaea i
naieo no?aoao e oeiieiaece?iaaoue iineaaeiee i?aaei?eiye Yieeo?.

Iiaeiaii Yieeo?o, Eoe?aoeee iieaaaao, /oi iniiaiui n?aaenoaii
i?aiaeieaiey no?aoia aunooiaao iuneeoaeueiay ?annoaei/iay
aeayoaeueiinoue:

Anee aea iunee o ieo e neiaa au eo auee .?acoiiu. Noae au naiaiaeai eo
oi io aaeeeie caaiou e no?aoa (7).

I?eaeiaeueia aeey naiaai a?aiaie o?aeoiaea Eoe?aoeeai no?aoa ia?aae
aiaaie. Naieo aiaia Neceoa, Oa?oa?a, Oeoey e ae?., ii aai iiaieth, ia
nouanoaoao. Yoe eiaia, n/eoaao Eoe?aoeee, ieeoeaoai?ytho /aeiaa/aneea
no?anoe ethaiaue, iaaeaaeaeo, niaanoue, o?oninoue e o. ae.:

A aeecie nei?aa aiaoao iai?aniue no?ao ia?aae aiaaie (8).

Oaioaea iao, /oi aieony aenyuaai a aicaeooa eaiiy, Eae aiai?yo,
oeaiaiaao ian/anoiue io no?aoa ionoiai (9). .

Oeoee o ian yoi oio, eoi eaaeeo, ii?aaeaiiue ethaiaueth: Ioeoeu
oa?catho aaioi io/eoaeueii aeiaeao o?aaiaa, eee ?aoo ia eonee eiua
caaiou e no?anoe.

Nouanoaaiiue aeeaae a ?ac?aaioeo i?iaeaiu no?aoa aian n
aeeaeaeoeei-eaeaaeenoe/aneeo iiceoeee Ieaoii. Ii n/eoae, /oi aeooa
/aeiaaea a iieneao enoeiu eiaao aeaei n iiaieyie, o. a. /ai-oi oaiiay
ciaiey e yniaa iaciaiey, A oaeii neo/aa, iai?eia?, ioaeanoai au nooiaao
eae neia, nio?aiythuay iiaiea ia iianiinoyo, yoe ee iie e oaeea ee.
Ieaoii ieoao: Oaeoth-oi neeo e anaaaeaoiaa o?aiaiea i?aaeeueiiai e
caeiiiiai iiaiey i aauao no?aoiuo e iano?aoiuo y iacuaath ioaeanoaii
(14). Ii-aeaeeiiio, neaaeoao niaeaneoueny n iei, /oi /aeiaae a naieo
nei?ayo, oaeiaieuenoaeyo, aeaeaieyo, no?aoao i?eaea?aeeaaaony
ii?aaeaeaiiiai iiaiey e no?aieony aai nio?aieoue. Ya?enoe/aneay ?ieue
iiaiey a yoii niunea caeeth/aaony a aa neioaoe/aneie ooieoeee
niiniaiinoe, ioaaoea ana iauei acaeyaeii, aicaiaeeoue e aaeeiie eaeaa
?ac?iciaiiua yaeaiey, /oiau, ii?aaeaeea eaaeaeia ec ieo, naeaeaoue yniui
i?aaeiao iaoaai iio/aiey (15). Nai aea no?ao aunooiaao a oaeii neo/aa
eeoue i?aaeaeueiui aa?eaioii ?acaeoey aeooe e i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue
aa?iecio.

Ieaoii auaeaeyao aeaa aeaea no?aoa, eioi?ui iiaeaa?aeai /a e iaae: yoi,
ai-ia?auo, no?ao ci e , iaeeaeaaiuo iaie, a, ai - aoi?uo, no?ao /oaeiai
iiaiey (eae au ia ociaee i?i iaoe iaoi?ioea iinooiee e o: ni/ee ian ca
aeo?iuo ethaeae). Yoio aoi?ie aeae no?aoa iacuaaaony nouaeii (18).
?anniao?eaay i?e/eiu aannouaenoaa, a eioi?ia /aeiaaea aaa?aatho aiaa,
no?anoue, iaaeinoue, iaaaaeanoai, ei?unoiethaea, o?oninoue, Ieaoii
noaaeo i?iaeaio ?aniiciaaaiey /aeiaa/aneeo aeoo. I?e yoii naiui
aeooaaiui, aaciianiui e auno?ui n?aaenoaii, ii iiaieth Ieaoiia,
yaeythony ea?u (caaaau). ?aniiciaaaiea... i?e?iaeu e naienoa aeooe auei
au iaeiei ec naiuo iieaciuo n?aaenoa aeey oiai eneonnoaa, eioi?ia i ieo
ia/aony (19), /oi ioiineony, eiia/ii, e e eneonnoao ainoaea?noaaiiiai
i?aaeaiey.

Ioiaoei aua iaeii ineoieiae/aneia ?annoaeaeaiea Ieaoiia. Ii i?eaiaeeo
iienaiea oaeiai oaiiiaia: Ianeeuenoaaiii oia?uaeaiiue /aeiaae,
i?iaaaeoee naith aeeciue n oai ia?acii iuneae, eaeie naienoaaiai
naiaiaeii?iaeaeaiiiio /aeiaaeo, aiaaaaony ia oaeeoeo ca naith ?aiithth
nia?oue e, aoaeo/e iieii no?aoa e oaeana ec-ca eniuoaiiiai ianeeey,
iaaiaeeo no?ao ia oaeeoeo, anee aeaeeo, /oi oio i?iaeieaeaao aeeoue a
ianoao, i?eau/iuo aeey iieieiiai. Iieiue o?aaiae nai, iieieiee eci anao
nee o?aaiaeeo oaeeoeo e aiineo o?aaiao ai ana aai aeaea, i?e/ai
nithcieeii aio a yoii neoaeeo iaiyoue (20). Ii nooe aeaea, Ieaoii
i?aaeainoeuaao a yoii naiai ?aciuoeaiee iinoaiiaeo i?iaeaiu oaiiiaia
no?aoa iineaaeaenoaey.

Cia/eoaeai aeeaae a ?ac?aaioeo i?e/ei e iniiaaiee no?aoa, naeaeaiiue
A?enoioaeai. ?anniao?eaay aeooaaiua eciaiaiey, A?enoioaeue auaeaeyao a
ieo aooaeou, niiniaiinoe e i?eia?aoaiiua naienoaa Aooaeoaie, e eaeiaui
A?enoioaeue ioiineo e no?ao', ii iacuaaao ana oi, /aio niioonoaoao
oaeiaieuenoaea eee no?aaeaiea..

?aciuoeyy iaae i?iaeaiie i?ienoiaeaeaiey iiyoe/aneiai eneonnoaa,
A?enoioaeue ioia/aao, /oi ethaeyi n aeaonoaa i?enoua iiae?aaeaiea,
aeaaiaea?y eioi?iio iie i?eia?aoatho e ia?aua ciaiey, i?e/ai i?iaeoeou
iiae?aaeaiey aeinoaaeytho anai ethaeyi oaeiaieuenoaea, iineieueeo
i?eia?aoaoue ciaiey aanueia i?eyoii (21). N?aaee ethaeae, i?iaeieaeaao
ii, auaeaeythony iaea?aiiua io i?e?iaeu niiniaiinoueth e iiae?aaeaieth,
aa?iiiee, ?eoio: ec ieo auoiaeyoiiyou. ?ane?uaay iaoaieci iiae?aaeaiey,
?aaeecoaiue a o?aaaaeee, A?enoioaeue ?ane?uaaao iaoaieci eaoa?nena eae
nii?e/anoey: O?aaaaeey anoue iiae?aaeaiea ia oieueei caeii/aiiiio
aeaenoaeth, ii oaeaea no?aoiiio e aeaeeiio, a iineaaeiaa i?ienoiaeeo
iniaaiii oiaaea, eiaaea neo/aaony iaiaeeaeaiii, e aua aieaa, anee
neo/eony aii?aee iaeeaeaieth e iaeii aeaaiaea?y ae?oaiio, eai oaeei
ia?acii oaeeaeoaeueiia iieo/eo aieueooth neeo, iaaeaee au iii i?iecioei
naii niaie e neo/aeii, oae eae e ec neo/aeiiai iaeaieaa oaeeaeoaeueiui
eaaeaony ana oi, /oi i?aaenoaaeyaony neo/eaoeiny eae au n iaia?aieai,
iai?eia?, oi niauoea, /oi noaooy Ieoey a A?aina oaeea aeiiaieea nia?oe
yoiai Ieoey, oiaa ia iaai a oi a?aiy, eae ii ia iaa niio?ae; iiaeiaiua
aaue eaaeoony neo/eaoeieny ia aac oeaee (22). Aieueooth ?ieue a ?acaeoee
/aeiaa/aneeo yiioeee, a oii /enea no?aoa, ea?aao, ii iiaieth A?enoioaey,
ociaaaiea, oneeeaathuaany /a?ac ia?eiaoee: Ociaaaiea e ia?eiaoey
i?iecaaaeao eee nino?aaeaiea, eee no?ao, ian/anouea e n/anouea neaaeotho
eiaiii ca iiaeiaiuie niauoeyie.

1. Iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau iiaeiaiua aeaenoaey niaa?oaeenue ae?ocueyie
iaaeaeo niaie, eiaaea a?ao oaeaaao a?aoa, nui iooea, iaoue nuia, nui
iaoue, eee aea iaia?aaaaony oaeoue, eee aeaeaao /oi-eeai ae?oaia a yoii
?iaea.

2. Iiaeii niaa?oeoue iinooiie, ia iniciaaay anaai aai oaeana.

3. Iaia?aaaaoeeny niaa?oeoue ii iaaaaeaieth eaeia-ieaoaeue iaecaeaaeeiia
i?anooieaiea i?eoiaeeo e ociaaaieth, i?aaeaea /ai niaa?oeo iinooiie
(yoi, ii iiaieth A?enoioaey, naiue neeueiiaeaenoaothuee neo/ae) (25)^

A naaoa neacaiiiai oai?ey ?aaiiaaney A?enoioaey i?eia?aoaao iiaue niune.
Caeanue ii i?aaeeaaaao ?anniao?eaaoue no?ao eae ?acoeueoao ia?ooaiey
oeaeinoiinoe ii?aaeaeaiiiai nioeeaeueiiai ea/anoaa, eaeiaui iiaoo
aunooiaoue naiuey, ae?oaeaa, ethaiaue, ia?ac aeecie, ie?iaicc?aiea e o.
ae. Ii a oaeii neo/aa no?ao iieo/aao e iiceoeaiia cao/aiea eae
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea i aiciiaeiie iioa?a yoeo oeaiiinoae, eae n?aaenoai,
noeioee?othuaa aeayoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea ia ainnicaeaiea eo oeaeinoiinoe
a neo/aa ?ac?ooaiey, iaeiiaoe, eae iiuiue ainieoaoaeueiue oaeoi?,
?aaeecoaiue a niioaaonoaothueo, a oii /enea ooaeiaeanoaaiiuo,
n?aaenoaao. I/aaeaeii, /oi yoi iiaeao i?iecieoe eeoue i?e oneiaee
?aoeeiiaeueiiai iniuneaiey e i?aaeainoeuaiey neooaoeee no?aoa. Ana
neacaiiia iicaieyao i/aiue auniei ioeaieoue aeeaae A?enoioaey a
noaiiaeaiea iiieiaiey oaiiiaia no?aoa a iauai iioiea ?acaeoey
oeeinioneie iunee, a oii /enea aa naaiaeiyoiaai ninoiyiey.

Eoae, ii Aiaano, anoanoaaiiui ninoiyieai ethaeae aei iauaaeeiaiey a
iauanoai auea aieia, e ia i?inoi aieia, a aieia anao i?ioea anao (29). A
iieneao e?eoa?ey anoanoaaiiiai i?aaa /aeiaaea ia naiinio?aiaiea,
iaeaaeaiea aauaie, niaa?oaiea ?acee/iuo aeaenoaee Aiaan i?eoiaeeo e
auaiaeo, /oi oaeiaui aunooiaao enoeiiue ?acoi /aeiaaea, eioi?ue
iiaaeaaaao ethaeueie eneaoue ie?a eee nithcieeia a aieia. Ii yoe iienee
aiciiaeiu eeoue a a?aaeaeaineii iauanoaa. Aaeeinoaaiiay aioo?aiiyy neea,
oieeathuay ethaeae e ie?o, iieaaaao Aiaan, yoi no?ao nia?oe, aeaeaiea
iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey aeeciaiiiai oaeianoaa aauae e iaaeaaeaea iieo/eoue eo
aeaaiaea?y naiei no?aaeaieyi. I?aai naiaiaea eaaeaeiai oiio?aaeyoue
naie niiniaiinoe niia?acii n ?acoiii. Iieiia i?aai ia nio?aiaiea aeecie
i?eaiaeeo e iinoiyiiiio no?aoo e e iinoiyiiie iianiinoe ianeeuenoaaiiie
nia?oe. Iiyoiio aianoi anoanoaaiiiai i?e?iaeiiai i?aaa ia/eiaao
aeaenoaiaaoue iauanoaaiiue caeii o. a. ?acoiiia ia?aie/aiea yoiai i?aaa
a oeaeyo iaania/aiey aeecie e iieiy, eiaaea eaaeaeue ?acoiii
i?aaeienuaaao naaa aicaea?aeaiea io oiai, /oi iiaeao aio iaa?aaeeoue.

Ii-aeaeeiiio, eiaiii Aiaano i?eiaaeeaaeeo caneoaa auaeaeaiey oaeiai
oaiiiaia, eioi?ue iicaea iieo/ee o Ia?ena ii?aaeaeaiea naaoneie ?aeeaee.
No?ao ia?aae iaaeaeeiie neeie, i?eaeoiaiiie oiii eee aiia?aaeaaiie ia
iniiaaiee auaeoiie, aeiiouaiiuo ainoaea?noaii, iacuaaaony ?aeeaeae,
ienae Aiaan (31). E niaeaeaieth, i?ioeann oaoeoecaoeee e niciaoaeueiiai
ie?ioai?/anoaa, a oaeaea aiaeec naycaiiuo n yoei oi?i nioeeaeueiiai
no?aoa aei neo ii? ia iieo/eee aeieaeiiai aieiaiey a ioa/anoaaiiie
iauanoaiaaae/aneie eeoa?aoo?a.

N oai?/anoaii ?. Aeaea?oa a oeeinioeth a oi?ia aeoaeecia aioei o/aiea i
/aeiaaea eae i nouanoaa, no?anoe eioi?iai iaoneiaeaiu, n iaeiie noi?iiu,
oeceieiae/aneeie oaeaniuie i?ioeannaie, a n ae?oaie,ineoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoueth aeooe. Aeaea?o oae iiyniyao naith iiceoeeth:
Iineaaeiae e naiie aeeaeaeoae i?e/eiie no?anoae yaeyaony oi, /oi aeooe
eieaaetho aeaeaco, iaoiaeyuothny a na?aaeeia iicaa... oa aea naiua
no?anoe iiaoo auoue aucaaiu oae aea i?aaeiaoaie, aeaenoaothueie ia
/oanoaa, e... yoe i?aaeiaou yaeythony iaeaieaa iau/iuie e aeaaiuie
i?e/eiaie no?anoae (32). Iaeia e oa aea i?e/eia, ?aciuoeyao Aeaea?o,
iiaeao aucaaoue oaeea aeaeaeaiey oaea, eioi?ui aeooa ia niaeaenoaoao e
eioi?ua iuoaaony naea?aeaoue: Yoi eniuouaatho, iai?eia?, i?e no?aoa,
eiaaea aeooe iai?aaeythony a iuooeu, neoaeauea aeey aeaeaeaiey iia i?e
aaaa, ii caaea?aeeaathony io aeaeaiey auoue o?aa?ui (33). Nianoaaiii
no?ao, ii Aeaea?oo, yoi e?aeiyy noaiaiue o?oninoe, ecoieaiey e aiycie.
Aeaaiie i?e/eiie no?aoa aunooiaao iaiaeeaeaiiinoue ianooieaiey
eaeeo-eeai iai?aaeoniio?aiiuo neo/aeiinoae.

1. Enoiaeiui ninoiyieai aeooe yaeyaony aa oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue ii iiaiaeo
iaeaaeaiey eaeei-eeai aeaaii.

2. Iuouay iianiinoue iioa?e yoiai aeaaa ni noi?iiu oie eee eiie aiaoiae
neiu, aeooa eniuouaaao ninoiyiea ?aaiinoe, eioi?ay anoue aeae no?aoa,
naycaiiue n aeaeaieai nio?aieoue ca niaie iaeaaeaiea eaeei-ieaoaeue
aeaaii (36).

3. E ninoiyieth oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe aeooe ii iiaiaeo iaeaaeaiey aeaaii
i?eniaaeeiyaony ninoiyiea iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe ii iiaiaeo aiciiaeiie aai
iioa?e.

4. Aicieeoaa ia?aaiiaaniia ninoiyiea aeooe noaaeo ia?aae /aeiaaeii
i?iaeaio auai?a aa?eaioia iiaaaeaiey, yoi ninoiyiea ia?aoeoaeueiinoe,
eioi?ay anoue oaeaea aeae no?aoa; oaea?aeeaay aeooo eae au a ?aaiiaanee
iaaeaeo iiiaeie aiciiaeiuie aeaenoaeyie, iia yaeyaony i?e/eiie oiai, /oi
/aeiaae ioeacuaaaony io anyeiai aeaenoaey e, oaeei ia?acii, eiaao
aiciiaeiinoue auai?a i?eiyoey ?aoaiey (37). 5. Noiyuee ia?aae auai?ii
/aeiaae iiaeao iinooiaoue aeaiyei: a) enoiaey ec i?eau/ee ninoaaeyoue
aeinoiaa?iua e ii?aaeaeaiiua noaeaeaiey iai anai, n /ai ii noaeeeaaaony,
iaeaaeay oaa?aiiinoueth a oii, /oi ii anaaaea eniieiyao naie aeiea,
eiaaea ii aeaeaao oi, /oi i?aaenoaaeyaony aio iaeeo/oei, oioy yoi iiaeao
auoue e ioeai/iui ?aoaieai, /aeiaae i?aiaeieaaaao no?ao a iniuneaiiii
aeaenoaee;

a) a neeo ionoonoaey yniuo e io/aoeeauo iiiyoee, neaainoae ?acoia, ii a
oneiaeyo neeueiiai aeaeaiey iinooieoue i?aaeeueii /aeiaae iuouaao no?ao
aei oaeie noaiaie neeueiue, /oi aeaaea eiaaea aio iaaei i?eiyoue eee
ioaa?aiooue /oi-oi iaeii, no?ao yoio oaea?aeeaaao aai io aeaenoaey e
i?eioaeaeaao aanniuneaiii eneaoue /oi-oi ae?oaia.

Eioa?aniui i?aaenoaaeyaony e aeaeaiea Ianeaeai eiie?aoii-enoi?e/aneie,
eiaeeaeaeoaeueii-ia?aie/aiiie oi?iu /aeiaa/aneie aeooe. Caiaoei, /oi
naaiaeiy aeinoaoi/ii ?ani?ino?aiaii iiaiea ia iniiaiii aioo?aiiai
enoi/ieea no?aoa eae i i?ioeai?a/ee eiia/iiai (a?aiiiai) oaea e
aaneiia/iie (iaoeaiiie) aeooe. Ianeaeue aea n/eoae, /oi e aeooa /aeiaaea
yaeyaony ian/anoiie, oi anoue iia ia nieiaao naia niaie
i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoe anao aioieiaee: Aeooa ia iaoiaeeo a naaa ieeaeiai
oaeiaeaoai?aiey. Anyeee acaeyae aioo?ue naay i?eiineo ae iai?/aiea. Yoi
i?eioaeaeaao aa eneaoue ooaoaiey aia naay, i?eaycuaaoueny e i?aaeiaoai
aiaoiei, /oiau any/anee ecaeaaeeoue iuneue i naiai aeaenoaeoaeueiii
iieiaeaiee. ?aaeinoue aa a yoii naiicaaaaiee, e, /oiau naeaeaoueny
ian/anoiie, aeinoaoi/ii ae i/ooeoueny iaaaeeia n niaie (43). Aeaeay
auaiae i i?eioeeieaeueiie aaconiaoiinoe /aeiaaea iaeoe naia ianoi a
ono?aoathuai aai ie?a, Ianeaeue oae ?enoao naia aeaeaiea yoie
yecenoaioeeiiaeueiie i?iaeaiu: I?aaenoaaueoa naaa oieio ethaeae a
oeaiyo, i?eaiai?aiiuo e nia?oe; eaaeaeue aeaiue iaeioi?ua ec ieo
oia?uaeythony a aeaeo inoaeueiuo; inoathueany aeaeyo naia nianoaaiiia
iieiaeaiea a iieiaeaiee ei iiaeiaiuo e, niio?y ae?oa ia ae?oaa n
/oanoaii nei?ae e aaciaaeaaeiinoe, iaeeaeatho naiae i/a?aaee. Aio
ea?oeia iieiaeaiey /aeiaa/anoaa .

Aeinoaoi/ii iiiai ianoa i?iaeaia no?aoa caieiaao a oeeinioee A. Nieiicu.
Enoiaeiie eaoaai?eae aeey iauyniaiey oaiiiaia no?aoa Nieiica auaeaeioe
aeaeaiea, ioiaeaeanoaeyaiia ei n naiie nouiinoueth /aeiaaea (46).
Iniiaiuie iiaeonaie aeaeaiey a caaeneiinoe io aai inouanoaeaiey
aunooiatho oaeea aooaeou, eae oaeiaieuenoaea e iaoaeiaieuenoaea.
Oae,ieoao Nieiica, anee iu ciaai i aoaeouae aaue, /oi iia oi?ioa e /oi
iia iiaeao neo/eoueny, oi aneaaenoaea yoiai aeooa i?eieiaao oi?io,
eioi?oth iu iacuaaai iaaeaaeaeie, eioi?ay anoue ia /oi eiia, eae
ecaanoiue ?iae oaeiaieuenoaey, ana aea naycaiiue n iaeioi?ui
iaoaeiaieuenoaeai (ia/aeueth). N ae?oaie noi?iiu, anee iu iieaaaai, /oi
iiaouay ianooieoue aauue aeo?ia, oi aicieeaao oi?ia aeooe, eioi?oth iu
iacuaaai no?aoii (47. ?annoaeaeay i i?ienoiaeaeaiee e i?e?iaea aooaeoia,
Nieiica noaaeo i?iaeaio ia?aciiai i?aaenoaaeaiey aoaeoueo eee i?ioaaeoeo
aauae, niioaaonoaaiii /aio ii aeaao neaaeothuaa ii?aaeaeaiea no?aoa:
No?ao... anoue iaiinoiyiiia iaoaeiaieuenoaea... aicieeoaa ec ia?aca
niiieoaeueiie aaue (48). Oaeie iiaeoiae nouanoaaiii ?anoe?yao
ya?enoe/aneea aiciiaeiinoe eiioeaioeee no?aoa Nieiicu, iineieueeo a
noa?o neooaoeee no?aoa iiiaaeatho ia oieueei iaiin?aaenoaaiii
Aacaeaenoaothuea ia /aeiaaea i?aaeiaou, ii e oa i?aaeiaou, eioi?ua iiaoo
a eiie?aoiie neooaoeee oieueei iuneeoueny.

?eneiai i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi Nieiica i?aaenoaaeye naaa neooaoeeth no?aoa
eae noaiiayuaany nenoaiiia ea/anoai, ia i?inoi o?aaothuaa io /aeiaaea
?aaeoeee enioaa eee niioaaonoaothuaai niaeiai iinooiea a ii?aaeaeythuaa
nenoaiiue iuneeoaeueii-aeayoaeueiinoiue i?ioeann ii i?aaeainoeuaieth
no?aoa, i?aaeeueiiio ?aaae?iaaieth ia neooaoeeth no?aoa e aeaaii?eyoiiio
i?aiaeieaieth yoie neooaoeee. *aeiaae naiaiaeiue, caia/aao Nieiica, n
iaeeiaeiaie neeie aeooa ecaaaaao iianiinoae e noa?aaony i?aiaeieaoue eo
. Caiaoei, /oi naiaiaeiue /aeiaae Nieiicu, o.a iiciaaoee
niioaaonoaothuoth iaiaoiaeeiinoue, ai?acaei yooaeoeaiaa inaiaiaeaeaaony
io no?aoa iin?aaenoaii ?aoeeiiaeueiiai oeaeaiieaaaiey naiae
aeayoaeueiinoe: *ai aieaa iu aoaeai no?aieoueny aeeoue ii ?oeiaiaenoao
?acoia, oai aieaa aoaeai no?aieoueny aiciiaeii iaiaa caaenaoue io
iaaeaaeaeu naeaeaoue naay naiaiaeiui io no?aoa, ii ia?a aiciiaeiinoe
oi?aaeyoue naiae noaeueaie e iai?aaeyoue iaoe aeaenoaey ii
ii?aaeaeaiiiio niaaoo ?acoia . Anee aea ethaee aia ninoiyiey
?aoeeiiaeueii ieaie?iaaoue naith aeayoaeueiinoue (eeai a neeo
/?acau/aeiie neiaeiinoe neooaoeee, a eioi?oth iie iiiaaeatho, eeai a
neeo oiiaaiey eie naiae noaeueaie e iai?aaeyoue iaoe aeaenoaey ii
ii?aaeaeaiiiio niaaoo ?acoia (52). Anee aea ethaee aia ninoiyiey
?aoeeiiaeueii ieaie?iaaoue anyeiai ?iaea aieaa anaai i?aaeathony oa
ethaee, eioi?ua aac ia?u aeaeatho /aai-ieaoaeue niiieoaeueiiai, e /oi
ana ia?auathony e aiaeanoaaiiie iiiiue aieueoa anaai eiaiii oiaaea,
eiaaea iie iaoiaeyony a iianiinoe e ia oiatho naie naaa iiii/ue... No?ao
anoue i?e/eia, aeaaiaea?y eioi?ie noaaa?ea aicieeaao, nio?aiyaony e
iiaeaea?aeeaaaony.

A e oaiei aeeaeaeoe/iu aeey naiaai a?aiaie ?aciuoeaiey i no?aoa Ae.
THia. ?anniao?eaay no?ao e aai i?ioeaiiieiaeioth oi?io iaaeaaeaeo a
?yaeo ae?oaeo /aeiaa/aneeo aooaeoia, oaeeo eae aeia?i (oaeiaieuenoaea) e
cei (no?aaeaiea), ia/aeue e ?aaeinoue, THi iaia?oaeeaaao, /oi no?ao e
iaaeaaeaea aicieeatho a neeo iaaeinoiaa?iinoe eee aa?iyoiinoe ninoiyiey
aeooa: Niauoea, eioi?ia, aoaeo/e aeinoiaa?iui, ii?iaeeei au ia/aeue eee
?aaeinoue, anaaaea aicaoaeaeaao no?ao eee iaaeaaeaeo, anee iii oieueei
aa?iyoii eee iaaeinoiaa?ii (62).

Ninoiyiea aa?iyoiinoe eee iaaeinoiaa?iinoe aicieeaao, eae n/eoaao THi, a
neeo iinoiyiiie ai?ueau i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo aiciiaeiinoae ?aaeecaoeee
aooaeoia, a oiaea eioi?ie aeoo ia iiaeao inoaiiaeoueny ia eaeii-eeai
iaeiii aooaeoa, noi?iia i?ioeai?a/ey, a iai?anoaiii ia?aoiaeeo io iaeiie
e ae?oaie. Anee aea, a aiia?aaeaiee, i?ioeaiiieiaeiua aooaeou, iai?eia?,
ai?a e ?aaeinoue, ana aea niaoeaathony, oi ec yoiai niaaeeiaiey
ia?acothony aooaeou iaaeaaeaeu e no?aoa (63).

Aiaeece?oy i?iaeaio i?ioeai?a/ee iaaeaeo aooaeoaie, THi i?aaeeiaeee
neaaeothuea aa?eaiou eo acaeiiioiioaiey:

1. I?e iaeiia?aiaiiii iiyaeaiee i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo aooaeoia aiciiaeii
oneeaiea iaeiiai aooaeoa e iiaeaaeaiea ae?oaiai.

2. Aiciiaeii iii/a?aaeiia i?aiaeaaeaiea aooaeoia.

3. Aiciiaeii iaeiia?aiaiiia nouanoaiaaiea aooaeoia e i?iecaiaenoai
iin?aaenoaii eo niaaeeiaiey o?aoueaai aooaeoa (64).

Ii iiaieth THia, aooaeou no?aoa e iaaeaaeaeu iiaoo aicieeiooue a oaeie
neooaoeee, eiaaea oainu iaaeo noi?ii ?aaiu e iaeuecy ioe?uoue
i?aiaeaaeaiey iaeiie ec ieo ae?oaie. I?e oaeeo oneiaeyo aooaeou iaeaieaa
neeueiu, oae eae iaoaio aeooo oiaaea ia ia /ai inoaiiaeoueny e ii
noiaeeony ai aeanoe neeueiaeoae iaoaa?aiiinoe .

THi iieaaaao, /oi aa?iyoiinoue iiaeao auoue aeaoo ?iaeia:

a) iaoneiaeaiiay iaaeinoiaa?iinoueth iauaeoa, aucuaathuaai aooaeou, /oi
naycaii, iai?eia?, n i?iaeaiie ii?aaeaeaiey aai nouanoaiaaiey
ianouanoaiaaiey;

a) iaoneiaeaiiay iaaeinoiaa?iinoueth noaeaeaiey /aeiaaea ia yoii
iauaeoa, iaaiciiaeiinoueth acaaneoue ana ca e i?ioea (66).

?anniao?eaay yoe aii?inu, THi ioe?uaaao aaaeiaeoee aooaeo ia?aeeaeueiuo
i?e/ei no?aoa, nooue eioi?iai ninoieo a oii, /oi no?ao iiaoo aucuaaoue,
eacaeinue au, oieueei aiciiaeiua aooaeou (iai?eia?, cei), anee iie
i?iyaeythony a aieueoae noaiaie. THi ioia/aao, /oi aia/aea yoi ia
nianoaaiii no?ao, ii /oanoai cea auaaao noieue aieueoei, /oi, iiaeaaeyy
iuouaiea aaciianiinoe, iii aucuaaao no?ao. No?ao iiaeao iiyaeoueny e a
?acoeueoaoa iaaiciiaeiiai aaaenoaey, ii a neeo iiuiiai aeeyiey cea, /oi
o /aeiaaea iiyaeyaony oaa?aiiinoue a aeinoiaa?iinoe yoiai aaaenoaey.
Iaeiiaoe, aeinoiaa?iua ian/anouey, ?aaii aeaoi auoaiacaaiiui, oaeaea
aucuaatho no?ao, iineieueeo aeoo iinoiyiii ioa?auaaony io iaieioaiiai
cea, i?eoiaeeo a ia?aaiiaaniia ninoiyiea e ii?iaeaeaao aooaeo, iioiaeee
ia no?ao (67). E?iia oiai, oeene?oao THi, iaaeaaeaea e no?ao aicieeatho
ia oieueei a neeo iaaeinoiaa?iinoe aeaaa eee cea, ii e a neeo
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe ?iaea yoeo aooaeoia. Ecaanoea i nia?oe iaeiiai ec
nuiiaae, n/eoaao THi, ia i?aa?aoeony o iooea a /enoia ai?a, iiea ii ia
ociaao, eiai ec nuiiaae iioa?ye (68). Aeeaeaeoe/aneia iiieiaiea i?e/ei
no?aoa eae iioaioeeaeueiie acaeiiiaoneiaeaiiinoe iaaiciiaeiiai,
aiciiaeiiai e aeaenoaeoaeueiiai ianiiiaiii, cia/eoaeueiia ioe?uoea
THia.

Aiaeece?oy iniiau iauanoaaiiie aeecie, i?aanoaaiiinoe e iieeoeee,
Aieueaao ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi a oneiaeyo ii?aaiuaiey ia?iaea, ionoonoaey a
iauanoaa naiaiaeu, aaciianiinoe, aeia?iaeaoaee anyeee /aeiaae, eioi?iio
ia/aai aiyoueny, anei?a noaiiaeony ceui; oio, eoi aeoiaao, /oi ii ie a
eii ia ioaeaeaaony, aiia?aaeaao, /oi niiaeao niieieii i?aaeaaaoueny anai
neeiiiinoyi naiaai na?aeoea. Oaeei ia?acii, no?ao,yoi aaeeinoaaiiia
i?aiyonoaea, eioi?ia iauanoai iiaeao i?ioeaiiinoaaeoue no?anoyi naieo
aiaeaeae. Aac yoiai iineaaeiea ?aca?aoyony naie e ia caiaaeeyo
ainiieueciaaoueny oaie n?aaenoaaie, eioi?ua aeaao ei iauanoai, /oiau
iaeoe naaa nio/anoieeia a naieo iai?aaaaeiuo aeaeao.

I/aaeaeai aeeaae Aieueaaoa e a oaiaoieiaeth (iaoeo i nia?oe). Oioy ii e
aiai?eo, /oi no?ao nia?oe yoi ionoay eeethcey, ii a oi aea a?aiy
ioia/aao oaeoi?u, eioi?ua yoo eeethceth oneeeaatho. E iei ioiinyony, a
/anoiinoe, oea?aiiiee iioi?ii, aeae iiaeeu, ai?anoiua ianie, anaiauay
ia/aeue e nei?aue. *aeiaaeo, caia/aao Aieueaao, eaaeaony, /oi ana yoi
aoaeao nii?iaiaeaeaoue aai iinea nia?oe.

Aeinoaoi/ii eioa?aniu ?annoaeaeaiey Aieueaaoa i i?e/eiao ?aeeaeiciinoe.
Caeanue ii auaeaeaaao iieiaeaiea i oii, /oi anyeee /aeiaae yaeyaony
aiyceeaui e iaaeiaa?/eaui, iineieueeo a aeecie anai i?eaiaeeony oae eee
eia/a no?aaeaoue, ia?aiineoue eeoaiey, eniuouaaoue iio?ynaiey. Iiuo
ia?aaeeoiai no?aaeaiey, ieoao Aieueaao, aucuaaao a ian o?aaiao i?e
ano?a/a ni anyeei iaecaanoiui yaeaieai... Iaoe o?aaiae e no?aoe
aic?anoatho i?iii?oeeiiaeueii ?acia?ai ?anno?ienoaa, aucuaaaiiai a ian
yoeie i?aaeiaoaie, eo ?aaeeinoe, o. a. iaoae iaiiuoiinoe ioiineoaeueii
ieo, iaoae anoanoaaiiie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe e iueo iaoaai aiia?aaeaiey
(75). Eiaiii no?ao nicaeaaae aiaia, oaean eo iinoiyiii nii?iaiaeaeaao, a
eiaaea ae?iaeeoue io no?aoa, oi iaaiciiaeii ?annoaeaeaoue cae?aai (76).
Ii iineieueeo noaaa?iui /aeiaaea aeaeatho iaaaaeanoai e neaainoue, oi,
aeaeaao auaiae Aieueaao, no?aoe en/acatho n iaeiieaieai iiuoa.

Ae?oaie i?aaenoaaeoaeue iaiaoeeie eeanne/aneie oeeinioee - E. Eaio -
iioieiaece?oy oaiiiai no?aoa, aaiaeeo aeey aai iauyniaiey iiiyoea neeu.
Neea, n/eoaao Eaio, aunooiaao i?enouae ethaiio iauaeoo niiniaiinoueth
i?aiaeieaaaoue i?aiyonoaey ia iooe aai ?acaeoey. Ii e eaaeaeue eiie
iauaeo oaeaea iaeaaeaao neeie, i?aiyonoaothuae yeniainee aeaiiiai
iauaeoa. Iiyoiio aicieeatho neooaoeee i?ioeainoiyiey iauaeoia, eioi?ua
Eaio iiieiaao eae neooaoeee no?aoa: Oi, /aio iu no?aieiny ieacaoue
nii?ioeaeaiea, anoue cei, e, anee iu iaoiaeei iaoe neeu iaaeinoaoi/iuie
aeey yoiai, iii i?aaeiao no?aoa (81). Ia?yaeo n ?aaeueiuie neooaoeeyie
no?aoa Eaio ni?aaaaeeeai oniao?eaaao e aiciiaeiua, iioaioeeaeueiua
neooaoeee, nicaeaaaaiua aiia?aaeaieai /aeiaaea: Iiaeii iaoiaeeoue
i?aaeiao no?aoiui, ia eniuouaay ia?aae iei no?aoa, a eiaiii eiaaea iu
noaeei i iai oae, /oi iu i?aaenoaaeyai naaa, /oi anee iu eiaaea-ieaoaeue
caoioei ieacaoue aio nii?ioeaeaiea, oi anyeia nii?ioeaeaiea aoaeao
ouaoiui.

No?ao eae aeooiaiia ia?aciaaiea Eaio ii?aaeaeyao /a?ac iuouaiea,
aicaoaeaeaaiia aeooaaiui aieiaieai. Yoi, ieoao ii, aeeciaiiia iuouaiea,
i?iiecuaathuaa ana oaei oai, aaea oieueei /oanoaoaony aeeciue (85), A
naith i/a?aaeue iuouaiea ii?aaeaeyaony Eaioii eae aeinoaoi/ii neiaeiia
ia?aciaaiea, neioace?othuaa a naaa ii nooe ana eiiiiiaiou aeooiaiinoe.
Oae, iai?eia?, ii ieoao: Auiunae, iniaaiii eiaaea i?eniaieoieytho aooaeo
e no?anoue, niaoeaaaony n iiuoii e ia?acoao n iei iaeii iuouaiea (86).
Iaeiaei, iniiauaaynue oieueei ia iuouaiee, aaea aeiieie?oao
/oanoaaiiinoue, /aeiaae iiaeao caaeoaeaeaoueny, aiia?aaeay oaeea
neooaoeee, eioi?ua iiaoo aucuaaoue no?ao. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, e ?annoaeie
iiae/an ia ni?aaeyaony ni anai iiiaiia?aceai /oanoaaiiuo aeaiiuo, /oi
oaeaea iiaeao i?eaiaeeoue e no?aoo. Ionthaea Eaio auaiaeeo: 1) ninoiyiea
aooaeoa eae nicaeaaaaiie iuouaieyie iaiaeeaeaiiinoe, ec-ca eioi?ie
oa?yaony i?enoonoaea aeooa (87); 2) no?anoe eae neeiiiinoe, eioi?oth
?acoi noauaeoa iiaeao iiaeaaeoue oieueei n o?oaeii eee nianai ia
iiaeaaeo (88). Nieiay ia?aie/aiiinoe /oanoaaiiiai e ?aoeeiiaeueiiai.
Eaio ooaa?aeaeaao a iniiaaiee iiciaiey, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, e
i?aiaeieaiey no?aoa eo neioac: ?annoaeie e /oanoaaiiinoue i?e anae eo
iaiaeii?iaeiinoe naie niaie niaaeeiythony ae?oa n ae?oaii aeey nicaeaiey
iaoaai iiciaiey (89). Niiniaiinoue /aeiaaea eniieueciaaoue yoio neioac
aeaeaao aai ioaeanoaaiiui e aanno?aoiui i?e ano?a/a n ethauie
neooaoeeyie no?aoa: Aiyciue, ?iainoue, enioa e oaean nooue noaiaie
no?aoa, o. a. ioa?auaiey e iianiinoe. I?enoonoaea aeooa, eiaaea
iianiinoue ano?a/atho ?annoaeeoaeueii, anoue ioaeanoai. Neia aioo?aiiaai
/oanoaa... eiaaea iaeaaei iiaeaeathony /oanoao no?aoa, anoue aanno?aoea
(90). Ia iao acaeyae, naiei iiieiaieai ?aaii aaaeiinoe /oanoaaiiiai e
?aoeeiiaeueiiai a iiciaiee e aeayoaeueiinoe Eaio iaeiei ec ia?auo
ooaa?aeee aaaeiaeoaa iaoiaeieiae/aneia iai?aaeaiea a eco/aiee /aeiaaea,
a oii /enea iniiaaiioth ia yoii i?eioeeia aai niiniaiinoue i?aaeeueii
i?aaeainoeuaoue, ioeaieaaoue e i?aiaeieaaaoue ninoiyiea no?aoa.













AEAAA II

NO?AO A NO?OEOO?A AeOOIAIIAI IE?A *AEIAAEA

*oi aea oaeia no?ao? Ianiio?y ia eaaeouothny i?inoioo aii?ina, ioaaoeoue
ia iaai iai?inoi e naaiaeiy. Eae ecaanoii, aeey ii?aaeaeaiey eaeiai-eeai
yaeaiey iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeaea anaai auynieoue aai ?iaeiaoth nouiinoue
aeeth/eoue a aieaa oe?ieee (a eaeaaea, a i?aaeaeueii aiciiaeiue) eeann
yaeaiee, iauyniythuee i?e?iaeo aeaiiiai yaeaiey, 1EE, a aiinaieiae/aneii
ieaia, iiaeaanoe iiiyoea aeaiiiai yaeaiey iiae aieaa oe?ieia. A enoi?ee
noaiiaeaiey iiieiaiey oaiiiaia no?aoa e a aai nia?aiaiiuo o?aeoiaeao iu
ano?a/aainy n iiiuoeaie ii?aaeaeaiey no?aoa eae /oanoaa, yiioeee,
aooaeoa, no?anoe, o?ono?aoeee. Caiaoei, /oi ca eaaeaeui ii?aaeaeaieai
noieo nieeaeiay yenia?eiaioaeueiay aaca, ?acoeueoaou yenia?eiaioia
iaiauaiu e ioi?ieaiu eae iao/iua iai?aaeaiey, au?aaioaiu
niioaaonoaothuea iaoiaeeee, noaaoea ai iiiaii yooaeoeaiuie n?aaenoaaie
i?ioeeaeoeee iaa?icia, aicieeathueo ii iiaiaeo oao eee eiuo
?aciiaeaeiinoae no?aoa. aianoa n oai neaaeoao i?eciaoue, /oi iaiauathuae
oai?ee no?aoa, i?e nae aaaeiinoe yoiai iauanoaaiiiai oaiiiaia, iiea aua
ia nicaeae. Anee o/anoue, /oi i?iaeaia no?aoa aiiaua e ?acee/iuo aai
nioeeaeueiuo i?iyaeaiee, a /anoiinoe, ia i?ioyaeaiee iiiaeo eao ia
i?eaeaeaea aieiaiey niaaoneeo oeeinioia, a aa ?ac?aaioeie
i?aeiouanoaaiii caieiaeenue ca?oaaaeiua e niaaoneea i?aaenoaaeoaee
ineoieiae/aneie iaoee, oi iiiuoaainy i?eaeeceoueny e iiieiaieth i?e?iaeu
no?aoa anaai ni noi?iiu ineoieiaee yiioeee oie aeenoeeieeiu, aeeaae
eioi?ie naaiaeiy a eco/aiea i?iaeaiu iaeaieaa aanii.

Aiaeec ?aaio ineoieiaia, oae eee eia/a naycaiiuo n eco/aieai :o?aoa,
iieacuaaao, /oi o?oaeiinoe aai iiieiaiey ai iiiaii ?acoeueoao oiai
e?eceniiai ninoiyiey, a eioi?ii ieacaeanue nia?aiaiiay ineoieiaey
yiioeee.

1. A aieueoeinoaa iiaeoiaeia i?aiaeaaeaao iiieiaiea no?aoa eae
?acoeueoaoa aiaoia io?aaeathuaai noauaeoa aunooiatho i?aaieci,
eiaeeaeae, ee/iinoue, /aeiaae. Ca iaiiiaei eneeth/aieai i?e anae
i/aaeaeiinoe niaoeeoeee auaeaeaiiuo noauaeoia niioaaonoaothuae
niaoeeoeeaoeee ?aoeaeoe?othuae aeayoaeueiinoe, a aneaae ca yoei e
eeanneoeeaoeey no?aoa, ia i?iaiaeeony. I?aeoe/anee ia aeeooa?aioee?oaony
e aiaoiyy neea, i?ioeainoiyuay noauaeoo e oa?iaeathuay aio.

2. Aieueoeinoai aaoi?ia i?aaeiieaaatho iaee/ea aeoeaiinoe eeoue o
aiaoiae neeu, inoaaeyy ca ia?aiia/aeueiui noauaeoii niiniaiinoue e
naiinio?aiaieth. Ii aaaeue i?eioeeieaeueiia ioee/ea nioeeaeueiuo
noauaeoia caeeth/aaony a eo niciaoaeueiii ?enea iaia?aie/aiii
yeno?aiiee?iaaoue nianoaaiiia ea/anoai ia anth nioeeaeueioth
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue, iniciaiii i?iaioee?oy oai naiui naith
ia?aie/aiiinoue, i/a?/eaay i?aaeaeu nianoaaiiiai no?aoa.

3. Ineoieiae/aneea ii?aaeaeaiey ia ioaa/atho ia aii?in, /oi aea
i?ienoiaeeo n nioeeaeueiui ea/anoaii noauaeoa iinea ia?aianaiiiai ei
no?aoa. Iiea /oi neeaaeuaaaony aia/aoeaiea, /oi i?iaa?ea noauaeoa ia
no?ao yoi i?aaeaea anaai eniuoaiea aai ia?aiie nenoaiu. Ia iioiio ee
aeey iiiaeo i?aaeii/oeoaeueiaa oaieiae/aneay eiioeaioeey no?aoa eae
i/euathuaai aeooo aiaeanoaaiiie neeie i?ioeanna eee yecenoaioeeaeenoneay
iiceoeey, i?ecuaathuay /a?ac no?ao iaeaaeaoue ii?aeueii aeaenoaey e
?aoeiinoe (AE.-I. Na?o?)?

4. Nia?aiaiiua ineoieiae/aneea ii?aaeaeaiey no?aoa a aieueoeinoaa naiai
i?eaioe?iaaiu ia eiie?aoioth aiaoithth neeo, i?ioeainoiyuoth noauaeoo, a
oi a?aiy eae noauaeo, au?aaaouaay eiaa?eaiou naiaai acaeiiaeaenoaey n
aiaoiei ie?ii, ?ai?acaioe?oao a eiie?aoiuo i?aaeiaoao, i?ioeannao
nouiinoiua oa?aeoa?enoeee oeaeuo eeannia i?aaeiaoia, niioiiny yoo
?ai?acaioaoeeth n oniaoii eee iaoniaoii naiae Aeayoaeueiinoe. Iaaa?ii
aua?aiiua ?ai?acaioaiou iiaoo i?eaiaeeoue e ninoiyieth no?aoa, a oi
a?aiy eae eo ninoaaeythuea no?aoa ia aucuaatho e iaiai?io.

5. Nia?aiaiiuie ineoieiae/aneeie n?aaenoaaie i?aeoe/anee ia ?ane?uaaaony
i?e?iaea e??aoeeiiaeueiiai no?aoa, oioy naaiaeiy oaea aeinoaoi/ii
a?aoiaioe?iaaiii iieacaii iaee/ea ia oieueei o?ainoeaiaeaioiie, ii e
naaoneie ?aeeaee, ?ac?aaioaiu iniiaiua iiaeoiaeu e iiieiaieth
oaoeoenoneiai niciaiey.

^ Niaeaoaynue n ioeaieie aaaeiie ?iee no?aoa a ooieoeeiie?iaaiee
naiinio?aieoaeueiuo iaoaieciia /aeiaaea, eioi?oth ioia/atho i?aeoe/anee
ana niaoeeaeenou ineoieiaee yiioeee, iiiuoaainy iiniio?aoue ia i?iaeaio
no?aoa n iiceoeee oieueei aua nicaeaaaaiie iaiauathuae oai?ee yiioeee.
Ia iao acaeyae, enoiaeiuie iieiaeaieyie yoie oai?ee iiaoo neoaeeoue
neaaeothuea i?eioeeiu:

1) yiioeey aunooiaao neioaoe/aneei ineoe/aneei ia?aciaaieai,
?ai?acaioe?othuei /aeiaaeo oeaeinoiue eiiieaen aioo?aiieo e aiaoieo
aicaeaenoaee;

2) neioaoe/aneee oa?aeoa? yiioeee iaania/eaaaony iaee/eai a iae eae
/oanoaaiiie, oae e ?aoeeiiaeueiie oi?i io?aaeaiey;^

3) ?anniao?eaaaiay n aiinaieiae/aneie oi/ee c?aiey yiioeey oi?ie?oaony
eae neiaeiue ineoe/aneee ia?ac, no?aiyueeny e iaeneiaeueiie aioo?aiiae
iaaeyaeiinoe anaai io?aaeaoaeueiiai i?ioeanna.

A oaeii neo/aa no?ao neaaeoao iiieiaoue eae ?acoeueoao ?anniaeaniaaiey
iaee/iiai ineoe/aneiai ia?aca n ae?oaeie, eiaaea ya?enoe/aneea e
ia?oeaiooaeueiua iioaioeee iaee/iiai ia?aca aaaeiaa iioaioeee yoeo
ia?acia. Eiaiii ia?aciia i?aaenoaaeaiea nianoaaiiuo iioaioeee,
naii?aoeaeney nianoaaiiiai ea/anoaa eaaeao a iniiaa ii?aaeaeaiey a?aieoe
i?eciaiiinoe ea/anoaa /aeiaaea a eiuo nioeeaeueiuo, i?ioeainoiyueo aio,
no?oeoo?ao, a oaeaea ii?aaeaeaiey iieaciinoe yoeo no?oeoo? aeey ?acaeoey
naiiai /aeiaaea.

?anniio?ei, eae iienuaaao A. ?. Eo?ey iaoaieci no?aoa iineaaeaenoaey o
i?anooiieeia. Iaoiaeieiae/anee ii enoiaeeo ec neaaeothuaai iieiaeaiey:
Iu ciaai, /oi eaaeaeia neeueiia aooaeoeaiia ninoiyiea nii?iaiaeaeaaony
aeoaieeie ia?ooaieyie ooieoeee a i?aaiecia /aeiaaea... Aooaeo ia?ooaao
anth yia?aaoeeo i?aaiecia, a oae eae ei?ie anyeiai aooaeoeaiiai
ninoiyiey nin?aaeioi/aiu, eiia/ii, a aeayoaeueiinoe aai ia?aiie nenoaiu,
aeathuae ioaaou e ia aiaoiea e aioo?aiiea ?acae?aaeeoaee, oi ynii, /oi
iaeneiaeueiua ioeeiiaiey i?e aooaeoa iaaethaeathony eiaiii a aunoeo
ia?aiiineoe/aneeo i?ioeannao: iuoeaiee, nei?inoe e i?aaeeueiinoe ioaaoia
i?aaiecia, ?ani?aaeaeaiee e onoie/eainoe aai aieiaiey, cae?aieaiee e
nio?aiaiee aai iaaueia e o. ae. (14). Ii iiaieth A. ?. Eo?ee, no?ao
iineaaeaenoaey yoi ?acoeueoao ?anniaeaniaaiey eca?aiiie iiaeaee
iuoeaiey (ia?aca aeaenoaey) e ia?aciiai i?aaenoaaeaiey aiciiaeiinoae,
iaaeaaii?eyoiie a neo/aa ian?aaaouaaiey aua?aiiiai ia?aca, neooaoeee.
Oeene?oaony no?ao iineaaeaenoaey a ia?ooaiee annioeeaoeaiiai iuoeaiey,
/oi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i neiaeiaeoae ?aaioa niciaiey ii eiino?oe?iaaieth,
aioo?aiiae ai?iaaoeee e aa?aaeueiiio ioi?ieaieth aua?aiiiai aa?eaioa
ia?aca caaeaaaaiie yenia?eiaioaoi?ii neooaoeee. Iniaoth oeaiiinoue
yenia?eiaiou A. ?. Eo?ee eiatho aeey iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey ia?ac?uaiie e
acaeiiiaoneiaeaiiie nayce /oanoaaiiiai e ?aoeeiiaeue-°° ^ no?oeoo?a
ineoe/aneiai ia?aca. A yenia?eiaioao auynieeinue, /oi ninoiyiea iioi?iie
noa?u i/aiue oi/ii io?aaeaao ia?aii-ineoe/aneia ninoiyiea eniuooaiiai e
aeaao iauaeoeaioth oa?aeoa?enoeeo no?oeoo?u i?ioaeathuae ?aaeoeee.

Nia?aiaiiua enneaaeiaaiey iieacuaatho, /oi niaoeeoeea iniiaiuo oi?i
acaeiiioiioaiey /aeiaaea n ie?ii, a neaaeiaaoaeueii niaoeeoeea aai
aeooiaiinoe, aeeth/athuae a naay e no?ao, ai iiiaii iaoneiaeaiu
aeeth/aiiinoueth ?aoeaeoe?othuaai /aeiaaea a ?acee/iua ninoiyiey aai
nioeeaeueii-aeieiae/aneie i?aaiecaoeee i?aaieciai-iie, iiioeyoeeiiiie e
?iaeiaie.

Iniai neaaeoao ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia oaeea eiiiiiaiou niaieoiiiai ia?aca
no?aoa, eioi?ua ii oai eee eiui i?e/eiai ia noaiiaeeenue i?aaeiaoii
niaoeeaeueiiai ianoaeaeaiey e oai aieaa ia iaoiaeyo i?aeoe/aneiai
?ac?aoaiey. E oaeei eiiiiiaioai iiaeii ioianoe, a /anoiinoe, ia?aciia
io?aaeaiea n?aaeu. Eaeia iaoaieci aini?eyoey n?aaeu?





















































































AEAAA 3

NIUNEIAUA NO?OEOO?U NIOeEAEUeIIAI NO?AOA EE*IINOE

A caaeneiinoe io eiie?aoiiai acaeiini/aoaiey iniiaiuo yeaiaioia
*OAeI-ia?aca aicieeatho niaoeeoe/aneea oeiu ie?iaicc?ai/aneeo nenoai.
?anniio?ei iniiaiua ec ieo.

1. Nenoaia ie?iaicc?ai/aneeo ia?acia, ?aoeeiiaeueii ?ai?acaioe?othueo
i?ioeai?a/eaoth i?e?iaeo *OAeI-eiiieaena. Yoe ia?acu eaaeao a iniiaa
oi?ie?iaaiey iao/iie ea?oeiu ie?a. A ieo aeiieie?oao
eaoaai?eaeueii-iiiyoeeiia, i?eioeeieaeueiia iniuneaiea e au?aaeaiea
/aeiaa/aneiai acaeiiioiioaiey n ie?ii.

2. Nenoaia ie?iaicc?ai/aneeo ia?acia, ?ai?acaioe?othuay
e??aoeeiiaeueioth noi?iio /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe e oneiaey aa
inouanoaeaiey. Yoa nenoaia ia?acia-oaoeoae, eioi?ua ninoaaeytho
ooiaeaiaio eeethci?iiai ie?iiiieiaiey, A yoeo ia?acao i?aeiouanoaaiii
aeiieie?oao /oanoaaiiia ia/aei, aa?a.

3. Nenoaia ie?iaicc?ai/aneeo ia?acia, neioace?othueo ?aoeeiiaeueiua
ia?acu. Yoe neioaoe/aneea ia?acu ieoatho e noa?o iao/iie ea?oeiu ie?a, e
noa?o eeethci?iiai ie?iiiieiaiey. I?eia?ii iiaeiaiuo ia?acia iiaoo
neoaeeoue i?aaenoaaeaiey ia IEI, niaaeiii /aeiaaea e o.i. Ia yoeo
ia?acao i?aeiouanoaaiii aace?oaony iauaeaiiia niciaiea /aeiaaea.

Auaeaeaiiua ie?iaicc?ai/aneea no?oeoo?u, ia?acoy a oeaiii niaieoiiia
ie?iaicc?aiea /aeiaaea, iiaoo iaoiaeeoueny a neaaeothueo ioiioaieyo
ae?oa e ae?oao;

· ioiineoaeueii ?aaiii?aaiia ninouanoaiaaiea; aeanoeay ea?a?oey n
aeiieie?iaaieai oie eee eiie no?oeoo?u; ioiineoaeueii naiaiaeiue
acaeiiia?aoiae ae?oa a ae?oaa.

Eae iu oaea ioia/aee, no?ao ?ai?acaioe?oaony a o?ao aeaeao iaaeyaeiuo
ie?iaicc?ai/aneeo *OAeI-ia?acia ?aoeeiiaeueiuo, e??aoeeiiaeueiuo,
neioaoe/aneeo. Eacaeinue au, aeaaea noaoai ?aoeeiiaeece?iaaiiua ia?acu
iaoee iaoiaeyony iiae neeueiaeoei aicaeaenoaeai iniaaiiinoae
eiie?aoii-enoi?e/aneiai *OAeI-eiiieaena. E?iia oiai, ?acee/iua
ie?iaicc?ai/aneea nenoaiu o?aaotho e ?acee/iiai iaioaeueiiai
(aa?aaeueiiai, iiiyoeeiiai) ioi?ieaiey. Ii nooe, iu eiaai aeaei n
?acee/iuie oi?iaie ?anniaeaniaaiee a ?aieao iaeiie ie?iaicc?ai/aneie
nenoaiu. I?e yoii aieueii eee iaaieueii iiaeao i?ienoiaeeoue i?ioeann
acaeiii?aa?auaiey ia?acia, /oi a eiia/iii n/aoa iiaeao i?eaanoe eeai e
eo acaeiiiaiaauaieth, eeai e acaeiiiiaeaaeaieth, o. a. e noaaiaoeee
aeaiiie ie?iaicc?ai/aneie nenoaiu.

Oi?iu iiaaaeaiey a iiaaaeai/aneii neiae?iia no?aoa:

a) iiiaea, anee ia ana, i?iyaeaiey no?aoa eiatho oaiaeaioeeth aicieeaoue
iaeiia?aiaiii eee iineaaeiaaoaeueii;

a) niauoey, eioi?ua aucuaatho iaeio ec ieo, iau/ii aucuaatho e ae?oaea
(ia iaycaoaeueii ana);

a) aieueoeinoai ec ieo. anee ia ana, auiieiytho aaeeioth aeieiae/aneoth
ooieoeeth caueou;

a) i?e naiiio/aoa eniuooaiua oeacuaatho ia ieo eae ia i?iyaeaiey
no?aoa.

I?ecua AE.-I. Na?o?a e inaiaiaeaeaieth io no?aoa i?aeiouanoaaiii a ie?a
e??aaeueiuo nouiinoae aucuaaao oe?ieoth e na?ueacioth e?eoeeo. Oae,
iai?eia?, 3. O?aeae ooaa?aeaeaao: N aacee/iuie neeaie e noaeueaie ia
anooieoue a eiioaeo, iie inoathony aa/ii /oaeaeu iai. Ii anee a noeoeyo
aoootho no?anoe, eae a oaiae nianoaaiiie aeooa, anee aeaaea nia?oue ia
noeoeeia, a i?aaenoaaeyaony niaith ianeeuenoaaiiia aeayiea ceie aiee,
anee iianthaeo a i?e?iaea oaay ie?oaeatho nouanoaa, ecaanoiua oaaa ec
iiuoa oaiaai nianoaaiiiai iauanoaa, oi ou iaeaa/aiii acaeuoaaoue,
/oanoaoaoue naay, eae aeiia, n?aaee aeooe, iiaeaoue ineoe/anee
ia?aaaouaaoue naie aac?annoaeiue no?ao (23). Ni?aaaaeeeainoe ?aaee
caiaoei, /oi nai AE.-I. Na?o? oaeaea, aeaeeii, caia/ae oua?aiinoue
i?ioeaaeo?u iuneaiiiai i?iaoee?iaaiey ninoiyiey no?aoa ia ieineinoue
iaaeaoa?ieie?iaaiiuo e??aaeueiuo ia?acia, iineieueeo ienae, iai?eia?:
*aeiaae nouanoaoao eeoue ianoieueei, ianeieueei naay inouanoaeyao. Ii
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia /oi eiia, eae niaieoiiinoue
naieo iinooieia, ia /oi eiia, eae nianoaaiioth aeeciue.

Auaeaeioa a ea/anoaa i?aaeaea /aeiaa/aneiai nouanoaiaaiey Ie/oi, I.
Oaeaeaaaa? caaeaao aii?in: Neo/aaony ee a auoee /aeiaaea oaeay
iano?iaiiinoue, eioi?ay iiaeaiaeeo aai e naiiio Ie/oi? E ioaa/aao ia
iaai neaaeothuei ia?acii: Yoi iiaeao i?ienoiaeeoue e aeaenoaeoaeueii
i?ienoiaeeo oioue aeinoaoi/ii ?aaeei oieueei ia iaiiaaiey, a
ooiaeaiaioaeueiii iano?iaiee oaeana (no?aoa). Iiae yoei oaeanii iu
iiieiaai ia oo i/aiue /anooth neeiiiinoue oaeanaoueny, eioi?ay, ii nooe
aeaea, n?iaeie eceeoiae aiyceeainoe. Oaean a ei?ia ioee/ai io aiycie. Iu
aieiny anaaaea oiai eee ae?oaiai eiie?aoiiai nouaai, eioi?ia iai a oii
eee eiii ii?aaeaeaiiii ioiioaiee oa?iaeaao. Aiyciue ia?aae /ai-oi
eanaaony anaaaea oiaea /aai-oi ii?aaeaeaiiiai. Iineieueeo aiycie i?enoua
yoa i/a?/aiiinoue i?e/eiu e i?aaeiaoa, aiyceeaue e ?iaeee i?i/ii naycai
aauaie, n?aaee eioi?uo iaoiaeyony. A no?aieaiee nianoenue io /aai-oi io
yoiai aio ii oa?yaony a ioiioaiee inoaeueiiai, o. a. a oeaeii oa?yao
aieiao.











AEAAA IV

NO?AO AeEEOAOO?U EAE OI?IA NIOeEAEUeIIAI NO?AOA

N?aaee iiiaeanoaa oi?i nioeeaeueiiai no?aoa iniaiai aieiaiey
caneoaeeaaao no?ao aeeeoaoo?u, iiiaiia?acea e niaoeeoeea eioi?iai ai
iiiaii iaoneiaeaiu iniaaiiinoyie naiie aeeeoaoo?u eae
eiioeaio?e?iaaiiiai au?aaeaiey ianeeey, aeanoe. A enoi?ee ecaanoiu
i?eia?u aeeeoaoo?u aaniethoece?iaaiiie aeanoe ?aeeaeiciuo i?aaiecaoeee,
eeannia, ioaeaeueiuo ee/iinoae, aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiuo
(ainoaea?noaaiiuo e ia?oie?aoe/aneeo) nenoai. I?aeoeea
nioeeaeenoe/aneiai no?ieoaeuenoaa a NNN? iieacuaaao, /oi oi?ioea Any
aianoue Niaaoai! oaeaea iiaeao io?aaeaoue aeeeoaoi?neea oaiaeaioeee
eeoaiey eniieieoaeueiuie i?aaiaie aeanoe ia?iaea, ii?iaeaeay o iaai
iniaue no?ao naiiai naay. Eae aea oi?ie?oaony no?ao aeeeoaoo?u? Iiaeii
ee ii?aaeaeeoue aai iniiaiua aa?eaiou?

Eaeueaeieci eae iaeia ec ?aciiaeaeiinoae aa?iiaeneie ?aoi?iaoeee
ciaiaiiaae niaie ai?ueao noaiiayuaeny aa?iiaeneie ao?aeoacee i?ioea
oaiaeaeueiuo ii?yaeeia XVI a. O. Yiaaeuen ioia/ae, /oi oaieiae/aneay
nenoaia Eaeueaeia ioaa/aea aeooo naiie niaeie /anoe oiaaeaoiae
ao?aeoacee. Aai o/aiea i i?aaeii?aaeaeaiee, ienae ii, auei ?aeeaeiciui
au?aaeaieai oiai oaeoa, /oi a ie?a oi?aiaee e eiieo?aioeee oaea/a eee
aaie?ionoai caaenyo ia io caaenyueo. Ii?aaeaeyao ia aiey eee aeaenoaea
eaeiai-eeai ioaeaeueiiai /aeiaaea, a ieeina?aeea iiaouanoaaiiuo, ii
iaaaaeiiuo yeiiiie/aneeo nee. E yoi auei iniaaiii aa?ii ai a?aiy
yeiiiie/aneiai ia?aai?ioa, eiaaea ana noa?ua oi?aiaua iooe e oi?aiaua
oeaio?u auoaniyeenue iiauie, eiaaea auee ioe?uou Aia?eea e Eiaeey,
eiaaea aeaaea iaeaieaa nayuaiiue yeiiiie/aneee neiaie aa?u noieiinoue
cieioa e na?aa?a iioaoioeny e iioa?iae e?ooaiea. I?eoii ono?ienoai
oea?eae Eaeueaeia auei ianeaicue aeaiie?aoe/iui e ?anioaeeeaineei; a
aaea oaea e oea?noai aiaeea ?anioaeeeaiece?iaaii, iiaee ee oai caiiua
oea?noaa inoaaaoueny aa?iiiiaeaeaiiuie ei?ieae, aieneiiia e oaiaeaeia?
Anee ethoa?ainoai a Aa?iaiee noaei iineooiui i?oaeeai a ?oeao eiycae, oi
eaeueaeieci nicaeae ?anioaeeeo a Aieeaiaeee e aeayoaeueiua
?anioaeeeaineea ia?oee a Aiaeee e i?aaeaea anaai a Oioeaiaeee.

Enoi?eee ioia/atho, /oi Oaaeoea?neay eiioaaea?aoeey XVI a. iauaaeeiyea
13 eaioiiia e ?yae nithciuo caiaeue. A naith i/a?aaeue, eaioiiu
aeaeeeenue ia ionoaeua eaniua, aaea a oneiaeyo ?aceaaathueony iauei
iieeoe/aneay aianoue aeeoioee?iaaeanue a ?oeao caieaaeaaeaeue/aneie
ciaoe, e yeiiiie/anee ?acaeoua ai?iaeneea, aaea auee ?ani?ino?aiaiu
?aianei e oi?aiaey e neeaaeuaaeenue iaeioi?ua aeaeu eaieoaeenoe/aneeo
iaiooaeoo?. Aianoue a ai?iaeneeo eaioiiao i?eiaaeeaaeaea iao?eoeeaineei
oaieeeyi, aeaaeaaoei caieyie, ?aioie e oi?aiai-?aianeaiiuie
i?aaei?eyoeyie. AEaiaaa oiai a?aiaie n/eoaeanue aaaeiaeoei yeiiiie/aneei
e oi?aiaui oeaio?ii e aoiaeeea a eiioaaea?aoeeth ia i?aaao nithciie
caiee. ?acaeaathuaany caeanue ?aianei auei naiaiaeii io oeaoiauo
ia?aie/aiee. Iaaeaeo eaniuie, ai?iaeneeie eaioiiaie, nithciuie caieyie
oea ino?ay yeiiiie/aneay e iieeoe/aneay ai?ueaa. E eeoue oa?icu ni
noi?iiu ae?oaeo ainoaea?noa canoaaeyee eaioiiu nio?aiyoue
aiaiii-iieeoe/aneee nithc.

Auoiaeeo, /oi oaieiae/aneia i?ioanoaioneia ie?iaicc?aiea a naiae
iioaioeee ieacaeinue aieaa oieaa?naeueiui e iaiaa i?ioeai?a/eaui, a
neaaeiaaoaeueii, e aieaa aeeciaiiui, /ai naaoneee aoiaieci. Iaeiaei Ae.
A. Oo?iai, i/aiue oaea/ii iiaeiaoee naiaia?acea oaieiae/aneie eaeaieiaee
?aoi?iaoeee, eioi?ay eae au neeaaeuaaaony ec aeaoo eiiiiiaioia
naiaia?acey ?aiiaai o?enoeainoaa, eae iii caoeene?iaaii a Aeaeee, e
iniaiai, oieeaeueiiai i?i/oaiey Aeaeee ?aoi?iaoi?aie. E, i/aaeaeii, iaa
yoe eiiiiiaioa iaeeiaeiai aaaeiu ie Aeaeey naia ii naaa, aia aa
niaoeeoe/aneiai i?i/oaiey, ia ii?iaeeea oaeeo oi?i ?aeeaeiciie
eaeaieiaee, eae ?aoi?iaoeeiiiay, ie iiaua, oaea naaoneea ii aeooo,
eaeaeiua aeaeaeaiey XVI noieaoey, ia naycuaathuea naay caaea/ae
oieeiaaiey nayuaiiiai oaenoa ia eiaee noieue aaaeiuo nioeeaeueiuo
iineaaenoaee (10). A iineieueeo Aeaeeth /eoaee ii-?aciiio ia oieueei a
Aa?iia, ii e a Oaaeoea?ee, e a AEaiaaa, oi iiaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi e
a ninoiyiee no?aoa a XVI a. iaoiaeeeenue e aoiaienou-iuneeoaee, e
i?ioanneiiaeu-oaieiae, e ana neie aa?othuaai ianaeaiey. A yoi a?aiy,
eiaaea noa?ue eaoiee/aneee ie? aue ioaa?aioo, a iiaue aua ia nicaeai, e
iiyaeeny a AEaiaaa Eaeueaei, o?aioeocneee oaieia-ethoa?aiei, aaaeaaoee
ec eaoiee/aneie O?aioeee.

Ia?auie oaaaie Eaeueaeia auea ?ac?aaioea e ?aaeecaoeey a eoeueoiaie
i?aeoeea iiauo caiiaaaeae aaaiaaee/aneiai o/aiey, eai anee oi/aoue
ainieoaoue a ethaeyo iiaoth aa?o, oi nia/aea neaaeoao aeaoue ei
aiciiaeiinoue ociaoue, ai /oi iie aeieaeiu aa?eoue e /oi i?eciaaaoue
(12). Iie?aynue ie oaieiae/aneea nenoaiu Ethoa?a, Oeaeiaee e ae?oaeo
oai?aoeeia ?aoi?iaoeee, Eaeueaei a iniiao naiaai aa?io/aiey iieiaeee
aeiaiao, noaeueaa /aeiaaea i?aaeii?aaeaeaia aiaii e ieeaeeie iooyie
iaeuecy eciaieoue ?ac e iaanaaaea ia/a?oaiiie eeiee aeecie. Aa?othuee,
ii Eaeueaeio. aeieaeai aini?eieiaoue naay a yoii niunea eae aiaeee
eca?aiiee ^ nie?eoueny n oaioiaaiiie aio ?ieueth, ia i?eoycay ia aa
eciaiaiey. Aeinoeaeaiea oniaoa ia eaeii-oi iii?eua iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea
/aeiaaeii i?aaeeueiiai iiieiaiey aiaeanoaaiiiai i?ecaaiey. Anee
i?iiiaaaeiee aeooiaii-?aeeaeiciie naiaiaeu Ethoa? i?ecuaae e aa?a ii
aioo?aiiaio eieaeeaeaeoaeueiiio oaaaeaeaieth, oi aai o/aiee Eaeueaei
ioaa?a aiciiaeiinoue i?i/oaiey Aeaeee e, ii nooe, nicaeae iiaoth
i?oiaeienaeueioth i?ioanoaioneoth aeaeeie?aoeth (13). N. Oeaaea ii yoiio
iiaiaeo ieoao: Eaeueaei ieeiaaea e ie a eaeie ia?a ia oa?ieo naiaiaeu a
aeaeao ioaeaeueiiai /aeiaaea, ie iyaee naiaiaeiiai i?ino?ainoaa e
?aeeaeiciuo e aeooiaiuo aeaeao (14). Ionoue ae?oaea aeoiatho eia/a,
aiai?eo Eaeueaei, ii y n/eoath, /oi o iaoae aeieaeiinoe oaeea oceea
?aiee, aoaeoi iinea i?i/eoaiiie i?iiiaaaee iu iiaeai niieieii neiaeeoue
?oee ia eieaiyo, neiaii oaea auiieieee oai naiui naie aeiea (15).

Iiaeao auoue, ia yoio ?ac a AEaiaaa aoaeao nicaeaia ianeaicue
aeaiie?aoe/iay e ?anioaeeeaineay oea?eiaue e neaaeoo naia neiai
aeayoaeueiua ?anioaeeeaineea ia?oee? Iao, yoiai ia i?iecioei. Aac
Eaeueaeia AEaiaaa niiaea i?iaeeoue oieueei o?e aiaea. Iiiuoaainy iiiyoue
i?e/eio yoiai. Caaeaaeeiny aii?inii: eaeea neiu iiaee ?aaeeciaaoue a oio
ia?eiae aeaiie?aoe/aneea i?eioeeiu?

1. Iiaee ee noaoue eieoeeaoi?aie aeooiaiiai aeaiie?aoe/aneiai iaiiaeaiey
ia?iaeiua iecu, iieo/eaoea oaea a. i?ioanoaioneeo iaueiao ia?aua o?iee
?aeeaeiciie eioaeeaeooaeecaoeee?

Ia iao acaeyae, eciaiaiey a oiiiano?iaieyo ?yaeiauo aa?othueo yoiai
ia?eiaea aeinoaoi/ii oi/ii oa?aeoa?ecothony A. A. Eaca?aaui: O/eoaey e
?oeiaiaeeoaee aieueoeinoaa naeo aeaeaee naia aeaaiia eneonnoai e
aeaaioth caaea/o a oii, /oiau i?anaeaoue ioeeiiaiey io aeiai e
iiaeaaeyoue a?anue a naeoa. Ii ia?a ?aceiaeaiey naeo i?ioanoaioeci
iiaeoiaeee, iaeiiaoe, e oie /a?oa, aaea noieeiiaaiea iaaeaeo
aeiaiaoeciii ianoaaieea e a?aoe/anoaii a aai naeoa, iaaeaeo
iaoa?ieiinoueth e naiaiaeie ?aeeaeiciiai oaaaeaeaiey i/aaeaeiaeoei
ia?acii aunooiaei oaea eae ?acaei? a aeooa naiiai ie?yieia. Ii aeieaeai
aeieacuaaoue i?aaioo naiaai oaaaeaeaiey ia naaa aea, ia?auay naith
iaoa?ieiinoue i?ioea naay naiiai. Aio i?aaenoieo ai?ioueny n aioo?aiiei
naiei a?aaii, e yoio i?ioeaiee aunooiaao oi a?aoeeii, oi aeiaiaoeeii, e
iiyoiio i?eoiaeeony auoue aeey naiiai naay iaeiia?aiaiii e noauaeoii e
iauaeoii eae nianoaaiiie iaoa?ieiinoe, oae e i?aiaeieaiey einiinoe (19).
Iiaeii oieueei i?aaenoaaeoue, eaeie ?aca?iae oea?ee a aieiaao ethaeae,
oieueei /oi na?ineaoeo y?ii eaoieeoeecia, i?enyaioaoeo Eaeueaeio, a
oaia?ue oaaaeaeathueony a aai iai?aaioa... Ethaee io/aeaaeenue e
aiyeenue.

2. Iiaeao auoue, aoiaienou-iuneeoaee ?aoeee, /oi ioe?ueny i?inoi? aeey
aiieiuaiey eo caiuneia? Ii iu ia iaoiaeei naeaeaoaeuenoa eo i?aeoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe a yoio ia?en1Ae. Nei?aa, iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony oa?aeoa?enoeea
aoiaienoia, aeaiiay N. Oeaaeaii: N o?aae/aneie i?ici?eeainoueth ana yoe
oioae?aiiua aoiaienou iniciatho oi cei, eioi?ia iaenoiaua oi?yioeu
(eeaea?u eaeueaeiecia A. A.) i?eianoo Aa?iia, ca yoeie ai?y/eie ?a/aie
ia neuoeony a?yoeaiea i?oaeey, a a iaiaaenoe oaea i?aae/oanoaoaony
a?yaeouay oaeaniay aieia. Ii, aeaaea ciay enoeio, yoe aoiaienou ana-oaee
ia ioaaaeeaathony ai?ioueny ca iaa. A aeecie ii/oe anaaaea nouanoaoao
?ac?ua iaaeaeo eaeaae e aa aiieiuaieai: iuneeoaee ia auaatho aeayoaeyie,
a aeayoaee iuneeoaeyie. Ana yoe o?aae/aneea, nei?ayuea aoiaienou ieooo
ae?oa ae?oao o?iaaoaeueiua, ecyuiua ienueia, iie noaiatho ca cae?uouie
aeaa?yie naieo eaaeiaoia, ii ieeoi ec ieo ia aunooieo i?ioea aioeo?enoa.
A?aiy io a?aiaie Y?aci ioaaaeeaaeny iineaoue ianeieueei no?ae ec
oe?uoey; ?aaea, i?ee?uaaynue oooianeei ieaoueai, oeanoae ae/ii y?inoiiai
niaoa; Iiioaiue, yoio aeaai?iaeiue e ioae?ue oeeinio, iaoiaeeo a naieo
Iiuoao naiua oaaaeeoaeueiua neiaa, ii ieeoi ia iuoaaony ainnoaoue
ana?ueac e i?aaeioa?aoeoue oioy au iaeii i?aneaaeiaaiea eee eaciue.
Ioae?aoe ia aeieaeai nii?eoue n oaiaoeeaie, n/eoatho yoe iiciaaoea ie? e
iioiio noaaoea inoi?iaeiuie ethaee, a oaeea a?aiaia eo/oa oeoe a oaiue.
/oiau naiiai ia noaaoeee e ia naeaeaee aea?oaie (20).

3. A?yae ee caeioa?aniaaiu a eeeaeaeaoeee eaeueaeiecia e i?aaenoaaeoaee
ca?iaeaeathuaeny ao?aeoacee, /ueth aeayoaeueiinoue Eaeueaei inayoee
aiaeanoaaiiui i?aaeii?aaeaeaieai. Eaaeaeiio oeacuaaaony aiaeanoaii aai
iieiaeaiea e aai ninoiyiea. Nieiiii iiyoiio... i?ecuaaao aaaeiuo e
oa?iaieth, eai oa, /oi iaaeiaieueiu naiei ae?aaeai, iuoathony na?ineoue
n naay a?aiy, aiceiaeaiiia ia ieo aiaii (21). Ao?aeoa i?ae?anii
iiieiaee, /oi ei i?eaeaony iiiaei iinooieoueny a neo/aa ?anoaa?aoeee
eaoieeoeecia. I?aoaicee Iaiu auee aaca?aie/iu...

4. Iaeiiaoe, i/aiue iaothoii /oanoaiaaee naay inoaaoeany nayuaiieee.
No?ao noaoue iaoaiaeiuie ia?iaeo e ?acaeaeeoue o/anoue Eaeueaeia
canoaaeye eo eaeoe ia iineaaeaiey a auiieiaiee i?ioanoaioneeo
i?aaeienaiee. A yoei iacaiaaeeeoaeueii noaea iieueciaaoueny ia?aoathuay
neeo eaoiee/aneay oea?eiaue (22). Caiaoei, /oi ianiio?y ia iianaianoiia
ii?aaeaiea ni noi?iiu i?ioanoaioecia, eaoiee/aneee iiino? aue
aeinoaoi/ii neeai. Oaea oae a Aa?iia eiio??aoi?iaoeeiiiue i?ioeann,
?acai?a/eaae naith aeayoaeueiinoue ea?aoaeueiue i?aai Iaiu eacoeoneee
i?aeai. A yoio ia?eiae, ieoao A. O. Ii?oaa, aaaaiiiey Aa?ia a?iceea
i?aa?aoeoue AEaiaao a iacia/eoaeueiue i?iaeioeeaeueiue ai?iae... aaeeiue
o?iio iiiiceoeee ?aniaeny, a?iciie naiinoiyoaeueiie neeie noaiiaeony
ieaaaeneay iiiiceoeey ao?aeoacee. Ioaeia auea aaeeiay neeueiay aeanoue.

































AEAAA V.

NIOeEAEUeIUE NO?AO A ONEIAEssO NIOeEAEENOE*ANEIAI NO?IEOAEUeNOAA

Naaiaeiy oaea iaei eoi niiiaaaaony a iaiaoiaeeiinoe ei??aeoe?iaee anao
iaoeo ieaiia n /aeiaa/aneei niaea?aeaieai ?acaeoey iauanoaa. Iaeiaei
/aeiaa/aneea ecia?aiey yoeo ieaiia e eo nioeeaeueiuo iineaaenoaee
inoathony ai iiiaii eeoue aeaeea?e?oaiuie iiaeaeaieyie. I?eiaieoaeueii e
oaia iaoaai enneaaeiaaiey yoi icia/aao ?aaeueiinoue oaeie i?iaeaiu:
iiieii oaea nouanoaothueo (eiina?aaoeaiuo) no?oeoo?, yaeythueony iniiaie
aini?iecaaaeaiey nioeeaeueiiai no?aoa, iiaua oi?iu nioeeaeueiie
i?aaiecaoeee ec-ca iaaieiaiey e ?aaeueiiio /aeiaaeo ii?iaeaeatho e iiaua
?aciiaeaeiinoe nioeeaeueiiai no?aoa, /oi a ?yaea neo/aaa nouanoaaiii
nieaeaao yooaeoeaiinoue yoeo, ai iiiaii i?ia?anneaiuo, iiaaoeee. Oae,
iai?eia?, neeueiaeoei enoi/ieeii nioeeaeueiiai no?aoa, i?e/ai 6 aai
e?aeieo, ii?ie, o?aae/aneeo oi?iao yaeythony naaiaeiy i?ioeannu
iaoeeiiaeueiiai naiiii?aaeaeaiey ?yaea ?anioaeee, yeiiiie/aneie
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe ?aaeiiia no?aiu, iaeiiaoe, i?ioeannu iieeoe/aneiai
iainiaeaiey o?aaeeoeeiiiuo (oi?iaeueiuo) e iao?aaeeoeeiiiuo
(iaoi?iaeueiuo) iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee. A nayce n yoei aeinoaoi/ii
aeoeaii ianoaeaeathony aii?inu noa?uo e iiauo oi?i aeeeoaoo?u a eeoea,
iai?eia?, oeaio?a (ainoaea?noaa, aaaeiinoa), aiia?aoa, ath?ie?aoee e o.
i. I?eia/aoaeueii, /oi i?e yoii e eaaua, e i?aaua, e oeaio?enou oae eee
eia/a ia?auathony e iaeiei e oai aea enoi/ieeai iaiauaieth iiuoa
?aaiethoeeiiiuo i?aia?aciaaiee a o?oaeao eeanneeia ia?enecia-eaieiecia.

'I/aaeaeii, /oi oaeiu iiiaeo iiauo no?aoia aua oieueei i?aaenoieo
ioe?uoue, ii aaaeii e ia i?eoiiiaeaoue eiee/anoai oaea ecaanoiuo,
o?aaeeoeeiiiuo oi?i nioeeaeueiiai no?aoa. Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeei iiene eo
enoieia, i?iyniaiea o?ainoi?iaoeee e iaoaii?oic, a oaeaea

ii?aaeaeaiea i?e/ei eo cae?aieaiey a iniiaiuo noa?ao
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe e niciaiey. Iiiuoaainy, iai?eia?, auynieoue, eae
i?ienoiaeeei a iaoai iauanoaa cae?aieaiea no?aoa aeeeoaoo?u a aai
?acee/iuo iiaeeoeeaoeeyo.

E. Ia?en, iiieiay ianeeea eae yeiiiie/aneoth iioaioeeth ioia/ae a
Eaieoaea, /oi iii yaeyaony iiaeaaeueiie aaaeie anyeith noa?iai iauanoaa,
eiaaea iii aa?aiaiii iiaui. A naith i/a?aaeue O. Yiaaeuen a noaouea Ia
aaoi?eoaoa ienae: ?aaiethoeey anoue, ianiiiaiii, naiay aaoi?eoa?iay
aauue, eaeay oieueei aiciiaeia. ?aaiethoeey anoue aeo, a eioi?ii /anoue
ianaeaiey iaaycuaaao naith aieth Ae?oaie /anoe iin?aaenoaii ?oaeae,
ooueia e iooae, oi anoue n?aaenoa /?acau/aeii aaoi?eoaoiuo. E anee
iiaaaeeaoay ia?oey ia oi/ao iioa?youe ieiaeu naieo oneeee, iia aeieaeia
oaea?aeeaaoue naia ainiiaenoai iin?aaenoaii oiai no?aoa, eioi?ue aiooaao
?aaeoeeiia?ai aa i?oaeea.

Eiia/ii E. Ia?en e O. Yiaaeuen i?ae?anii iiieiaee, /oi eeanniaay
iieeoe/aneay ai?ueaa aaaeaony, a eiia/iii n/aoa, ec-ca inaiaiaeaeaiey
yeiiiie/aneiai (4), a eeanniaia ainiiaenoai ?aai/eo iaae
nii?ioeaeythueieny ei i?ineieeaie noa?iai ie?a aoaeao aeeeoueny aei oao
ii?, iiea ia aoaeoo oie/oiaeaiu yeiiiie/aneea iniiau nouanoaiaaiey
eeannia (5). Ii /oi aea aeaeueoa? Ioaa/ay ia yoio aii?in, oaea A. E.
Eaiei ienae: I?ieaoa?eao aeieaeai no?aieoueny e iniiaaieth
naiinoiyoaeueiuo iieeoe/aneeo ?aai/eo ia?oee, aeaaiie oeaeueth eioi?uo
aeieaeai auoue caoaao iieeoe/aneie aeanoe i?ieaoa?eaoii aeey
i?aaiecaoeee nioeeaeenoe/aneiai iauanoaa (6). Aio ii aii?in aii?inia.
Eae ecaanoii, eeanneee ia?enecia ioaaoa ia iaai ia aeaee. Ii e?aeiae
ia?a, acaeyae ia aaneeanniaia eiiioienoe/aneia iauanoai eae ia
annioeeaoeeth naiaiaeiuo o?oaeaieeia inoaaaeny e inoaaony ai iiiaii
eeoue iaiyuae ia?niaeoeaie. ssaii iaaeinoaoi/ii auei e 72-aeiaaiiai
iiuoa Ia?eaeneie eiiioiu. Eiaiii a yoii eiioaenoa neaaeoao iiieiaoue
neiaa A. E. Eaieia, i?iecianaiiua ei a 1922 a.: Iu aeieaeiu eiaoue
ioaeanoai neacaoue, /oi iu nicaeaai naie aiia?ao noeoeeii... Iu aeieaeiu
aoaeai naiui ianoiyoaeueiui ia?acii eco/eoue yoio aii?in, eioi?iai aei
neo ii? eco/eoue ia niiaee.

A enoi?ey aeaeaea naia aeaei... Aeeeaiia: aeieaio?oaeiue i?ioeann
iao/aiey e i?eiauaiey e nioeeaeecio eee ianeeuenoaaiiia ono?aiaiea
i?aiyonoaee iino?iaiey ainoaea?noaa aeeeoaoo?u i?ieaoa?eaoa ana aieueoa
?aoaeanue a iieueco aoi?iai aa?eaioa. E aio oaea a 1920 a. I. E. Aooa?ei
ioaeeeoao i?ia?aiiioth ?aaioo Yeiiiieea ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea, iaeia ec
iniiaiuo aeaa eioi?ie iacuaaaony Anayeiiiie/aneia i?eioaeaeaiea a
ia?aoiaeiue ia?eiae (8). Aio aai oai?aoe/aneia iainiiaaiea
iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?ieaoa?neiai ianeeey: N iaeiie noi?iiu... ianeeea ea?aao
?ieue ?ac?ooathuaai oaeoi?a, n ae?oaie, iii yaeyaony neeie noeaieaiey,
i?aaiecaoeee, no?ieoaeuenoaa. *ai aieueoa ii naiae aaee/eia yoa
aiayeiiiie/aneay neea, eioi?ay, a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, yaeyaony
yeiiiie/aneie iioaioeeae, oai iaiueoa ecaea?aeee ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea
(i?e i?i/eo ?aaiuo oneiaeyo, eiia/ii), oai ei?i/a yoio ia?aoiaeiue
ia?eiae, oai nei?aa onoaiaaeeaaaony iauanoaaiiia ?aaiiaanea ia iiaie
iniiaa e oai auno?aa e?eaay i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo nee ia/eiaao
iiaeieiaoueny eaa?oo (9). Iineieueeo aea, i?iaeieaeaao I. E. Aooa?ei,
ianeeea yaeyaony nioeeaeueiie iiuueth eeanna, iaeaieaa i?aaieciaaiiiai
i?e eiinoeooe?iaaiee aai a oi?ia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe, oi
eiioeaio?e?iaaiiui e i?aaieciaaiiui iauanoaaiiui ianeeeai aunooiaao
eiaiii ainoaea?noaaiiay aeanoue: Aio ii/aio ?aaiethoeeiiiay
ainoaea?noaaiiay aeanoue yaeyaony iiaouanoaaiiui ?u/aaii yeiiiie/aneiai
ia?aai?ioa.

Eioa?aniue iieo/eeny o I. E. Aooa?eia ia?ac ianeeey: e?enoaeeeciaaiiue
oeaio?, e io iaai ?acyuea no?aeu ai anao a?aaia. Oeaio? nayuaiai e
iaiia?aoei Ana inoaeueiia /aeiaa/aneee iaoa?eae aeey auiieiaiey ?aoaiee
yoiai oeaio?a. Iai?eyoiu ?anii?yaeaiey oeaio?a? Oae yoi noauaeoeaiia,
iai?aaeeueiia i?aaenoaaeaiea. Iauaeoeaii oeaio? anaaaea i?aa: eaee ia
nia?oue n iieiui aeooaaiui oaeiaeaoai?aieai, n /oanoaii auiieiaiiiai
i?ieaoa?neiai e eiiioienoe/aneiai aeieaa. Caiaoei, /oi A. E. Eaiei,
/eoay eieao I. E. Aooa?eia, ia yoie aeaaa iaienae: Aio yoa aeaaa
i?aainoiaeia! (17).

Iiniio?ei, /oi aea iiaei ia iii?aaeoueny nicaeaoaeyi iaoiaeieiaee
i?ieaoa?neiai ianeeey a ?aaioao A. A. Aiaaeaiiaa. Iiaeao auoue, aio yoi
auneacuaaiea: *ai aieueoa aunooiaao ia ia?aue ieai neaiia iiae/eiaiea,
/ai auoa- iiaeieiaaony eaeaieia iaae iannith, /ai iaiaa iia iiaeao
aeeyoue ia aai i?aaiecaoi?neoth ?aaioo, oai iaecaaaeiaa eo iauay aeeciue
caie?aao a noeoeeiii eiina?aaoecia.

Nei?aa anaai, yoi auei aiiaua iineaaeiaa i?inoe, neacaiiia oiaa?euo ii
ia?oee, i?inoi iacaneoaeaiii iaeaeaiiiio /aeiaaeo. Ii e?aeiae ia?a,
naiiio I. E. Aooa?eio yoiai oaea ia aiai?eee... Ia aiai?eee ieeiio, ii
anao neooaee e iaiaouaaee ia on, o/eeenue, /oiau aeiaanoe aei
eiae/aneiai eiioea oai?eth i?aaiecothuaai ianeeey.. .

1928 aiae. E. A. Noaeei aica?auaaony ec iiacaeee a Neae?ue. Ii i/aiue ia
aeiaieai iauaai ycuea n e?anoueyieiii iaeoe ia oaeaeinue. E anei?a a
neae?neie aacaoa Aeanoue o?oaea iiyaeyaony noaouey Ea?a-aaaaa Oneeeoue
aieeio, i?eiaiyoue aai ana?ueac, a eioi?ie aaoi? ieoao: Oai aea, aaea
naii ianaeaiea oeaaicaaioiaeoaeyi ia ieacuaaao niaeaenoaey ii ane?uoeth
ceinoiuo aea?aeaoaeae oeaaa e ia i?eieiaao o/anoea a aieeioa eo, oai
i?iaiaeyony aieeiou oeaeuo nae, o/anoieeia e oao iauanoa iio?aaeoaeae,
eioi?ua iaoiaeyony ia yoeo o/anoeao. Ia yoeo o/anoeao aeieaeiu
aieeioe?iaaoueny ia ioaeaeueiua eeoea, a ana, aeeaouaa a yoii ?aeiia...
Aieeio ioaeaeueiuo ianaeao/eeia oeaaa e oeaeuo nae e o/anoeia eae
i?oaeea i?ioea n?uaathueo niaaaeaiea ai?iaeia oeaaii, neaaeiaaoaeueii,
n?uaathueo niu/eo ai?iaea n aea?aaiae, iaaei i?eiaiyoue ana?ueac e aei
oao ii?, iiea ii ia aeano iinoiyiiuo e aeaeaaiuo ?acoeueoaoia (21).
Iaoiaeieiaey ono?aoaiey noaea ?aaeueiie neeie, iai?aaeaiiie io ana
noaeathuaainy oeaio?a e ia?eoa?ee, aaea iaoiaeeeny naiue aeaaiue a?aa
ceinoiue ianaeao/ee oeaaa e?anoueyiei. ?acoeueoaou yoie iaoiaeieiaee
nei?i neacaeenue: aieiae 19321933 aa. aeiaiaeee ethaeae aei e?aeiinoe,
aei eaiieaaeecia... (22). A aeey ?yaeiauo /eaiia ia?oee aii?in
i?aauaaiey a ia?oee eee eneeth/aiey ec ia?oee noae aii?inii aeecie eee
nia?oe (23). Oaea a 1934 a., aunooiay n io/aoiui aeieeaaeii XVII nuacaeo
ia?oee, E. A. Noaeei ?acthie?iaae: Ianoiyuee nuacae i?ioiaeeo iiae
oeaaii iieiie iiaaaeu eaieiecia, iiae oeaaii eeeaeaeaoeee aioeeaieineeo
a?oiie?iaie.

Ianeieueei aieiaoaeueii eco/ae E. A. Noaeei ?aaiou A. A. Aiaaeaiiaa?
Neiaeii ioaaoeoue ia yoio aii?in, ii iaeioi?ua aiaeiaee, ia iao acaeyae,
i?iniao?eaathony aeiaieueii io/aoeeai. Neaaeai, auaiaeeo A. A. Aiaaeaiia
a Oaeoieiaee caeii iaeiaiaa aeaaii?eyoiuo oneiaee, niaeanii eioi?iio
?aaeueiui i?aaeaeii eicoiaia e ?oeiaiaenoaa yaeyaony eiaiii oi, ia /oi
aua iiaeao niaeaoaoueny ionoaeay /anoue oeaeiai. E. A. Noaeei no?ieo
nioeeaeeci, iineaaeiaaoaeueii ionaeay, oie/oiaeay ionoaeua, ii aai
iiaieth, /anoe iauanoaa. A. A. Aiaaeaiia eiinoaoe?oao, /oi noa?eiiua
i?aaiecaoeee no?aieeenue oaaee/eoue aei iaeneioia nii?ioeaeaiea naieo
/eaiia ?acee/iui iianiui aeey oeaeiai iiaoaeaeaieyi iin?aaenoaii
no?aoiuo eeyoa e i?enya, a oaeaea iaiaa iaeaiiai iaoiaea aeanoieie ea?u
oai, eoi ia niiaeao i?aiaeieaoue aioei?aaiecaoeeiiiuo iioeaia naiae
ineoeee. E. A. Noaeei i?iaa?yao ia i?i/iinoue e i?aaeaiiinoue naieo
aeeaeaeoeo niiaeaeaeieeia, naaeay a eaaa?y eo aeai, ?iaenoaaiieeia,
ia?aaeaieaay eo ia nianoaaiii iiaeia?aiiuo iaaanoao e o. i. (25). A ia
iiaea ee iiyaeoueny o E. A. Noaeeia aiaeiaey iaaeaeo noaeaeaieai A. A.
Aiaaeaiiaa i oii, /oi a ioaeaeueiii i?aaiecia aeaaiui i?aaiecothuei
oeaio?ii yaeyaony iica, aeey eioi?iai n?aaea aeaaii?eyoiaa, /ai aeey
ae?oaeo i?aaiia: io aiaoiae ii caueuai, a aioo?aiiyy, ieoaoaeueiay
n?aaea, ?ani?aaeaeaia a aai iieueco, e noaeaeaieyie oaeiai ?iaea: ia?oey
iica eeanna, a aiaeaeue iica ia?oee (26), iicaeiaa ia?oey oi, /anoue
e niaanoue nia?aiaiiie yiioe, ieaiu ia?oee ieaiu ia?iaea e o. i.?

Oioy Noaeei e ia ne?uaae naieo acaeyaeia i nouanoaiaaiee iieeoeee
ono?aoaiey, i?ioeaieee noaeeiecia ia niiaee e, iiaeaeoe, ia iiaee ie/aai
eciaieoue. Iu niaeaniu n oaie aaoi?aie, eoi i?e aiaeeca aeaoi?iaoeee
nioeeaeecia enoiaeeo ec iauyniaiey yeiiiie/aneiai, iieeoe/aneiai,
eaeaieiae/aneiai e ineoieiae/aneiai ?acaaeaine?iaaiey
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe aai iniiaiuo nioeeaeueiuo noauaeoia (28).
Naaiaeiyoiea enneaaeiaaiey iieacuaatho, /oi iaeaieaa caueuaiiie
nioeeaeueiie neeie, iniaaiii n eiioea 20-o aiaeia, aunooiaea eiaiii
ia?oeeii-ainoaea?noaaiiay ath?ie?aoey, ?aaeecothuay naith ia aeaeeioth
ie n eai aeanoue /a?ac ?ai?anneaiua i?aaiu; iiiiiieueiia i?aai
ii?aaeaeyoue no?aoaaeth i?iecaiaenoaa, ?ani?aaeaeaiey e iio?aaeaiey
iaoa?eaeueiuo aeaa; eaeaieiae/aneia iainiiaaiea naiae
eneeth/eoaeueiinoe; nicaeaiea nenoaiu naaoneie ?aeeaee ai aeaaa n
aiaeaeai; ineoieiae/aneoth ia?aaioeo ia?iaea a iai?aaeaiee aeaoi?iaoeee
aeooiaiinoe e nioeeaeueiie i?eieaeaiiinoe. Nioeeaeueiua iioaioeee
ae?oaeo iauanoaaiiuo nee nouanoaaiii noaeaeenue iooai, iai?eia?,
ocaeiieaaiey i?eieniiai e?anoueyinoaa; i?eaycuaaiey, aeaoi?ie?othuae
ee/iinoue ?aai/eo nenoaiie eueaio e iaeiiio i?aaei?eyoeth, noaieo;
oaeueiiaaiey e oece/aneiai iiaeaaeaiey eioaeeeaaioeee e o. ae.
Iiiaineieiue no?ao aae e naiioaeenoaai, yiea?aoeee, i?aaeaoaeuenoao
eaeaaeia e ae?ocae, anaiauae iiaeic?eoaeueiinoe e iieoaeueiinoe. No?ao
ianoieueei neiaae ethaeae, /oi aeaaea XX nuacae ia?oee ia niia aai o
iiiaeo ia oieueei ono?aieoue, ii aeaaea iieieaaaoue. Caiaoei, /oi ia
iaoiaeeo no?ao e naio ath?ie?aoe/aneoth nenoaio. Na?ueacii oa?iaeaea ae
iiaay yeiiiie/aneay iieeoeea, ii ath?ie?aoey ieacaeanue neeueiaa...
Caoai iia niaieea eoeueo ee/iinoe ia eoeueo aiia?aoa. Oaea a 70-a aiaeu,
eae caia/aao O. Ao?eaoeeee, i?e/eia yeiiiie/aneie e oaoiieiae/aneie
ionoaeinoe auea iaeia iaaeiiiieiaiea e no?ao ia?aae iac?aaoeie
no?oeoo?iuie ?aoi?iaie: ia?aoiaeii ia oic?an/ao a i?iiuoeaiiinoe,
eiiia?e?iaaieai na?aena, caaiueaaui e naiaeiui iiae?yaeii a aea?aaia. E
no?aoiaa anaai auei au ?aaeeio oao eao ?aoeoueny ia aeaiie?aoecaoeeth,
ia?aie/aiea aeanoe aeaaiie iii?iie aacu A?aaeiaaa ath?ie?aoee.