Реферат: Политика и мораль в России: единство или противоречие ?
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Eiieoao ii ia?aciaaieth e iaoee a. Ia?ie
Ia?ineay ioieoeeiaeueiay aeiiacey ?1
?aoa?ao
Iieeoeea e ii?aeue a ?innee:
aaeeinoai eee i?ioeai?a/ea?
o/aieea 11 eeanna
Eooieia Aiae?ay
iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue
eaiaeeaeao oeeinioneeo
iaoe
aeioeaio eaoaae?u
oeeinioee IAIO
Caoa?iaa I.N.
Ia?iue, 1996 a.
Aaaaeaiea
Ia i?eaaaee aia aeeoue a eioa?aniia a?aiy, aiai?eo noa?ue ioae?ue
eeoaaoe Eiioooeee. Ii a?aiaia ia auae?atho, a ieo aeeaoo e oie?atho,
eae au ioaa/aao aio neaicue oueio 25 aaeia iao nia?aiaiiee e
niioa/anoaaiiee. Iu aeaenoaeoaeueii aeeaai a eioa?aniia a?aiy, a?aiy, ii
ii?aaeaeaieth e?oiiaeoaai oeeinioa e aoiaienoa XX aaea Y?eoa O?iiia,
eiioea e ia/aea, ia/aea, aiaaoiai iiiaiia?aciuie aiciiaeiinoyie.
A 90-o aiaeao OO aaea ?inney ia?aaeeaaao /a?an/o? eioa?aniia a?aiy, iia
iaoiaeeony ia iaothoiii, i?iaeoaaaiii anaie iuneeiuie aao?aie
ia?ae?anoea naiae noaeueau. A enoi?e/aneie ae?aia, o/anoieeaie eioi?ie
iu yaeyainy, niauoey ?acaeaathony ao?ii e ai iiiaii iai?aaeneacoaii.
Iiceoeey eaaeaeiai ec ian - ioithaeue ia iineaaeiaa ec ianoiyoaeuenoa,
ii?aaeaeythueo iaeee aoaeouaai no?aiu.
Iiiuoaainy ?anniio?aoue iiae oaeii c?aiey oeeinioneie iaoee
acaeiiioiioaiea iieeoeee e ii?aee a naaiaeiyoiae ?innee.
?anniio?ei i?aaeaea anaai, iaeioi?ua aniaeou, eanathueany iieeoe/aneie
nenoaiu iauanoaa, nouiinoe iieeoe/aneie aeanoe. Aeaeaa ia?aeaeai e
i?iaeaia ii?aee, a oaeaea acaeiiioiioaiee iieeoeee e ii?aee eae aeaoo
oi?i iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey, io?aaeathueo aaeeiia iauanoaaiiia auoea.
Iaeiiaoe, ?anniio?ei iaeio ec ceiaiaeiaaiuo i?iaeai, eanathuothny
ioiaiu nia?oiie eacie a ?innee, /oi yaeyaony iaeiei ec y?eeo i?eia?ia
acaeiiaeaenoaey e acaeiii?iieeiiaaiey iieeoeee e ii?aee.
I iaiaoiaeeiinoe neioaca iieeoe/aneiai e oeeinionei-yoe/aneiai a
oi?aaeaiee ainoaea?noaii e ainoaea?noaaiiie aeecie aiiaua ienae a naiae
oai?ee Ainoaea?noaa Ieaoii: Iiea a ainoaea?noaao ia aoaeoo
oea?noaiaaoue oeeiniou, eeai oae iacuaaaiua iuiaoiea oea?e, a aeaaeuee
ia noaioo aeaai?iaeii e iniiaaoaeueii oeeinionoaiaaoue e yoi ia
nieueaony a aaeeii - ainoaea?noaaiiay aeanoue e oeeinioey, e iiea ia
aoaeoo a iaycaoaeueiii ii?yaeea iono?aiaiu oa ethaee - a eo iiiai, -
eioi?ua iuia no?aiyony ii?iciue eeai e aeanoe, eeai e oeeinioee, aei oao
ii?, aei?iaie Aeaaeii, ainoaea?noaai ia ecaaaeoueny io cie, aea ia
noaiao aiciiaeiui aeey ?iaea /aeiaa/aneiai e ia oaeaeeo nieia/iiai naaoa
oi ainoaea?noaaiiia ono?ienoai.
1. IIEEOE*ANEAss NENOAIA IAUANOAA
1.1 Iiiyoea iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu
Iieeoe/aneay nenoaia iauanoaa - oii?yaei/aiiay niaieoiiinoue
iieeoe/aneeo einoeoooia, iieeoe/aneeo ?ieae, ioiioaiee, i?ioeannia,
i?eioeeiia iieeoe/aneie i?aaiecaoeee iauanoaa, iiae/eiaiiuo eiaeaeno
iieeoe/aneeo, nioeeaeueiuo, th?eaee/aneeo, eaeaieiae/aneeo,
eoeueoo?iuo ii?i, enoi?e/aneei o?aaeeoeeyi e onoaiiaeai iieeoe/aneiai
?aaeeia eiie?aoiiai iauanoaa. Iieeoe/aneay nenoaia aeeth/aao
i?aaiecaoeeth iieeoe/aneie aeanoe, ioiioaiey iaaeaeo iauanoaii e
ainoaea?noaii, oa?aeoa?ecoao i?ioaeaiea iieeoe/aneeo i?ioeannia,
aeeth/athueo einoeoooeeaeecaoeeth aeanoe, ninoiyiea iieeoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe, o?iaaiue iieeoe/aneiai oai?/anoaa a iauanoaa, oa?aeoa?
iieeoe/aneiai o/anoey, iaeinoeoooeeiiaeueiuo iieeoe/aneeo ioiioaiee.
Iieeoe/aneay nenoaia i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaeio ec /anoae eee
iiaenenoai niaieoiiie iauanoaaiiie nenoaiu. Iia acaeiiaeaenoaoao n
ae?oaeie aa iiaenenoaiaie: nioeeaeueiie, yeiiiie/aneie,
eaeaieiae/aneie, yoe/aneie, i?aaiaie, eoeueoo?iie ia?acothueie aa
iauanoaaiiia ie?oaeaiea, aa iauanoaaiiua ?ano?nu ia?yaeo n aa i?e?iaeiui
ie?oaeaieai e i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie (aeaiia?aoe/aneeie,
i?ino?ainoaaiii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuie), a oaeaea aiaoiaiieeoe/aneei
ie?oaeaieai. Oeaio?aeueiia iieiaeaiea iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu a yoie
no?oeoo?a aa aiaoiaai e aioo?aiiaai ie?oaeaiey ii?aaeaeyaony aaaeouae
i?aaiecaoeeiiiie e ?aaoeyoeaii-eiio?ieueiie ?ieueth naiie iieeoeee.
1.2 No?oeoo?a iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu
Iieeoe/aneay nenoaia no?oeoo?ia, o.a. aeeth/aao /anoe eee iiaenenoaiu
?aciie neiaeiinoe, eo yeaiaiou e ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ieie. Iieeoe/aneay
nenoaia neeaaeuaaaony ec iiaenenoai o?ao o?iaiae aeanoe e iieeoe/aneeo
ioiioaiee: aeaoo einoeoooeeiiaeueiuo - aunoaai eee aa?oiaai
(iaaio?iaaiue), n?aaeiaai eee i?iiaaeooi/iiai (iacio?iaaiue) e
iaeinoeoooeeiiaeueiiai - ieaeiaai, ianniaiai (iee?io?iaaiue). A naith
i/a?aaeue, iie aeaeyony ia ia?aeeaeueiua, iau/ii eiieo?e?othuea
no?oeoo?u (ia oao aea o?iaiyo): eaaaeueiua e oaiaaua.
Aioo?e yoeo no?oeoo? iieeoe/aneay nenoaia aeeth/aao aeaeaiea ia
noauaeou iieeoe/aneeo ioiioaiee (?oeiaiaeeoaeae, i?aayueo) e iineoaeae
aeanoe, eniieieoaeae, ?yaeiauo /eaiia ianniauo annioeeaoeee, eo
nioeeaeueiie aacu.
Oaeei ia?acii, ia einoeoooeeiiaeueiii iae?inenoaiiii o?iaia
iieeoe/aneay nenoaia aeeth/aao oeaio?aeueiue aiia?ao ainoaea?noaaiiie
aeanoe (?acaeaeaiiie a aeaiie?aoe/aneii iauanoaa e a i?aaiaii
ainoaea?noaa ia caeiiiaeaoaeueioth, eniieieoaeueioth e noaeaaioth).
Aeae iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu caaeneo io oeia iauanoaa e i?aaeaiey:
i?ei?eoao aeanoe aeaau i?aaeoaeuenoaa (o.a. i?ei?eoao eniieieoaeueiie
aeanoe), i?aceaeaioa (aieioue aei oae iacuaaaiie i?aceaeaioneie
oi?iu i?aaeaiey, aeiioneathuae a?aiaiiia eee aeeeoaeueiia niaiauaiea
ooieoeee ?acaeaeaiiuo aeanoae), iiia?oa, ia?eaiaioa (anee ii iaaeaeai
i?a?iaaoeaaie eiio?iey e eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe), i?aayuae ia?oee,
aa?oiaiiai eee eiinoeoooeeiiiiai noaea (i?e i?ei?eoaoa i?aaa e
caeiia).
Iniaoth a?aeo?aaeioth ?ieue ea?aao iauanoaaiiue eiio?ieue
ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe. Ii i?aaiecoaony ia ?aciuo o?iaiyo (iae?i- e
iaci-) e iiiaeie n?aaenoaaie: ianniaie eioi?iaoeee (eioi?oth nae/an
ia?aaeei n/eoatho /aoaa?oie, eioi?iaoeeiiiie aeanoueth), annioeeaoeeyie
(ia?oeyie, i?ionithcaie, ianniauie i?aaiecaoeeyie - yeieiae/aneeie,
aioeaiaiiuie eee aiaiiuie, i?iiuoeaiiuie, eoeueoo?iuie e i?.)
ianniauie aeaeaeaieyie (caaanoiai/iuie e ae?.), ia?iaeiuie iauanoaaie
(aaoa?aineeie, iieiaeaaeiuie, aeaineeie, oai?/aneeie i?aaiecaoeeyie e
o.i.). Iaiin?aaenoaaiii a iae?inenoaio aoiaeyo ?aciua oi?iu
iieeoe/aneie iiiiceoeee (ia?eaiaioneie, ia?oeeiie).
Ia oii aea o?iaia ?aniieaaathony oaiaaua, ne?uoua iieeoe/aneea
no?oeoo?u e ooieoeee iae?iaeanoe: ne?uoua aeaenoaey eaaaeueiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee aunoeo ?aiaia (ainoaea?noaaiiuo, ia?oeeiuo), nae?aoiua
aeieoiaiou, ?anii?yaeaiey, i?eeacu e o.i. aeou (ainoaea?noaaiiua e i?.
nae?aou e oaeiu), ne?uoue niune ioe?uouo iieeoe/aneeo aeaenoaee
(eio?eaa, ea?a), iieeoe/aneeo oaenoia (aeieeaaeia, ?a/ae, aanaae e
o.i.), iaaeaniua ooieoeee e iayaiay ?ieue ?acee/iuo ioeoeeaeueiuo
eeaea?ia e oeaio?aeueiuo i?aaiia aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey, ?oeiaiaenoaa
o/?aaeaeaieyie, ia?oeyie, a?ieae, ?oeiaiaenoaa i?iiuoeaiiinoueth e ae?.,
ioeoeeaeueiua e eaaaeueii nouanoaothuea o/?aaeaeaiey n nae?aoiuie
ooieoeeyie (i?aaiu aaciianiinoe) e iieiinoueth caeiinie?e?iaaiiua
o/?aaeaeaiey (?acaaaeee eee eiio??acaaaeee e o.i.).
Ae?oaie ?yae eaaaeueii nouanoaothueo, ai anyeii neo/aa
iaeiinie?aoeaiuo, niiauanoa, i?eiueathueo e iae?io?iaith iieeoe/aneie
nenoaiu eee iaioeoeeaeueii e iaoi?iaeueii aoiaeyueo a iaai, ia?acotho
?acee/iiai ?iaea yeeou e yeeoa?iua niae?oaeanoaa (eeoau,
ia?eaiaioneea o?aeoeee, oiaa?euaneea a?oiiu e o.i.), a?oiiu aeaaeaiey
(ia?eaiaioneea eiaae, aeeceia ie?oaeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiie
aaeieieno?aoeee, iicaiaua oeaio?u i?e ?oeiaiaeeoaeyo ainoaea?noaa e
ia?oee e o.i.).
Aiaeiae/ia ii naiaio no?iaieth n?aaeiyy (iaci-) no?oeoo?a
iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu. Iia ia?aciaaia aiia?aoaie oi?aaeaiey, i?aaiaie
auai?iie e iacia/aaiie aeanoe, eioi?ua iaiin?aaenoaaiii neeou ni
no?oeoo?aie iae?io?iaiy, ii ninoaaeytho aai ia?eoa?eth. Iie ?aniieiaeaiu
a iieeoe/aneii i?ino?ainoaa iaaeaeo aunoeie yoaeiiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie
aeanoe e iauanoaii, eioi?ia iie naycuaatho n ainoaea?noaii. Yoi oae
iacuaaaiua aiia?aou e i?aaiu, ?aaeiiaeueiay e ioieoeeiaeueiay
aaeieieno?aoeey, Niaaou ?aciuo ?aiaia, ea?a?oey ia?oeeiuo, i?ionithciuo
e ae?oaeo annioeeaoeaiuo no?oeoo? (iauanoa, nithcia), e?oiiua
i?aaei?eyoey, eeaea?u yeiiiieee, i?aaiu i?aainoaeey e i?aaiu ii?yaeea,
ae?oaea o/?aaeaeaiey, /a?ac eioi?ua inouanoaeyaony iieeoe/aneay
nioeeaeecaoeey (oeiea, oaao?, a?iey).
No?oeoo?u n?aaeiaai o?iaiy neoaeao naycothuei caaiii iaaeaeo
iae?ino?oeoo?aie iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu e iauanoaii, i?aaiecotho eo
ioiioaiey, ia?aaeatho eiioeuenu ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeaio?ia aeanoe
iauanoao e aai ioaaoiua ?aaeoeee - eieoeeaoi?ai iieeoeee. A
i?aaiecaoeee e inouanoaeaiee iieeoe/aneiai i?ioeanna iacio?iaaiue
iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu ea?aao eeth/aaoth ?ieue. Ia yoii o?iaia
oi?ie?othony iaeaieaa aeeyoaeueiua ath?ie?aoe/aneea aiia?aou oi?aaeaiey
e naiua ianniaua ia?aeeaeueiua (oaiaaua) no?oeoo?u. E ne?uoui ooieoeeyi
eaaaeueiuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo, ia?oeeiuo, aaeieieno?aoeaiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee ia yoii o?iaia i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo (yeiiiie/aneea
o?oaeiinoe, ia?acaeoua a?aaeaeaineea ioiioaiey, eaeaieiae/aneea e
iieeoe/aneea eiioeeeou e o.i.) aeiaaaeythony iniaaiii ?ani?ino?aiaiiua
eiioeeeou aiia?aoia e eo eeaea?ia, a?oiiiaueia, caiey/aneea e
e?iaii?iaenoaaiiua nayce, i?ioeaii?aaiay aeoeaiinoue e ei??oioeey
ioeoeeaeueiuo eeoe e aeanoae. Ia yoii aea o?iaia oi?ie?othony
iaeaaaeueiua (oaiaaua) no?oeoo?u iaiieeoe/aneiai oa?aeoa?a
(ia?aeeaeueiay yeiiiieea, /a?iue ?uiie, i?aaiecaoeey i?anooiiiai
ie?a, iaoee e iaoeiciua ei?ii?aoeee ?aciiai ?iaea), eioi?ua eiatho
oaiaeaioeee niueaoueny n eaaaeueiuie no?oeoo?aie e iiaoo ieacuaaoue
ia ieo na?ueaciia aeeyiea.
Iee?io?iaaiue iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu ia?acoaony ianniaui o/anoeai
iauanoaaiiuo a?oii, eeannia e neiaa, a?aaeaeai iauanoaa a iieeoe/aneie
aeecie: /eainoaii a ianniauo iieeoe/aneeo eee iaiieeoe/aneeo, ii
aeeyoaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo, o/anoeai a ianniauo iieeoe/aneeo aeoeeyo
iiaeaea?aeee aeanoe eee i?ioanoa, a nioeeaeueiii eiio?iea iieeoeee, a
ioaaonoaaiiuo i?ioeannao aa aeaiie?aoe/aneie i?aaiecaoeee (auai?ao,
?aoa?aiaeoiao e o.ae.). Ia iee?io?iaia oi?ie?othony iieeoe/aneea
ia?iaeiua aeaeaeaiey, ca?iaeaeathony iieeoe/aneea a?oiie?iaee e ia?oee,
oi?ie?oaony iauanoaaiiia iiaiea, neeaaeuaaaony iieeoe/aneay eoeueoo?a
iauanoaa - aaaeiay ninoaaiay /anoue e oa?aeoa?enoeea iieeoe/aneie
nenoaiu.
I?ino?ainoai iee?ino?oeoo? ioithaeue ia ia?aie/eaaaony iaeei ieaeiei,
ianniaui o?iaiai. A iai ?aniieiaeaii ana, a i?eioeeia, iauanoai e ana
aai a?aaeaeaia, n eo iieeoe/aneeie acaeyaeaie, oi?iaie o/anoey a
niaianoiie iieeoe/aneie aeecie, oioy iieeoe/aneea ?iee i?aaiecaoeeiiii
e ooieoeeiiaeueii eo ?acaeaeytho ii ?aciui o?iaiyi.
Iieeoe/aneay nenoaia noi?ie?iaaia ii i?eioeeio ie?aieaeaeueiie
ea?a?oee: n ianniaie nioeeaeueiie aacie a iniiaa, aa?oeiie
ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe a aunoai aa yoaeiia. Oaeei aea ia?acii iino?iaiu
e aa iiaenenoaiu, eiathuea aa?oeeaeueiua no?oeoo?u (io ianniaie aacu e
?oeiaiaeyuei o/?aaeaeaieyi: ia?oee, e?oiiua iauanoaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee,
nithcu, e i?.).
Ia eaaeaeii ec o?iaiae, ia eioi?ua ?acaeaeaia iieeoe/aneay nenoaia,
ia?acothony niaoeeoe/aneea no?oeoo?u e ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ieie.
AEeciue iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu i?ioaeaao eae iinoiyiiay niaia ?aaiiaaniuo
ninoiyiee e e?ecenia ?aciiai ?iaea - io /anoiuo e?ecenia ioaeaeueiuo
iiaenenoai e no?oeoo? (i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo, ia?oeeiuo, ia?eaiaioneeo e
iiiaea ae?oaea.) aei iaueo e?ecenia nenoaiu, eioi?ua iau/ii naycaiu n
e?ecenii aa nioeeaeueiiai ie?oaeaiey e aeeaathony a niaieoiiinoue
iieeoe/aneiai, yeiiiie/aneiai (nu?ueaaiai, ?ano?niiai),
iaoeeiiaeueiiai, i?aaiaiai e ae?. e?ecenia, /oi nii?iaiaeaeaaony
iaino?aieai nioeeaeueiuo i?ioeai?a/ee e eeanniaie, iieeoe/aneie,
eaeaeiie ai?ueau, ai?ueaie ca a?aaeaeaineea i?aaa e ae?. eiioeeeoaie.
Ooieoeeiiaeueiue e?ecen nenoaiu, eee e?ecen ia?aa?ocee, eiaao ianoi
oieueei eiaaea iia auioaeaeaia ?aoaoue caaea/e, eioi?ua iia ?aoeoue
ia iiaeao. I?e yoii e?ecen iiaeao auoue i?ioeaaeo?iui, eioi?ue
?ac?aoaaony /anoe/iie eee iieiie ia?ano?ieeie nenoaiu (niaiie
?oeiaiaenoaa, no?oeoo? aeanoe, i?aayueo nee, eeaea?ia, iieeoe/aneiai
eo?na e o.i. ia?ano?ieeaie). Oaeie e?ecen naycai n aioaaiienoe/aneeie
eiioeeeoaie a iauanoaa, eioi?ua ii?iaeaeatho iiaua oi?iu
nouanoaothuaai iauanoaaiiiai no?iy e nio?aiytho aai iieeoe/aneoth
nenoaio. Aieaa aeoaieea e?ecenu, oae iacuaaaiua e?ecenu ?acaeoey,
naycaiu ni niaiie iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu e oeia iauanoaa eee aai
nouanoaaiiuo oa?aeoa?enoee (oi?i nianoaaiiinoe, yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaiee
e o.i.) e iiaoo nii?iaiaeaeaoueny aieaa eee iaiaa na?ueaciuie
?aaiethoeeiiiuie i?aia?aciaaieyie.
2. Nouiinoue iieeoe/aneie aeanoe.
Iieeoe/aneay aeanoue - yoi niaoeeaeueiue nioeeaeueiue einoeooo,
oii?yaei/eaathuee nioeeaeueiua ioiioaiey e iiaaaeaiea eiaeeaeaea.
Iieeoe/aneay aeanoue - ii?aaeaeythuaa aicaeaenoaea ia iiaaaeaiea iann,
a?oii, i?aaiecaoeee n iiiiuueth n?aaenoa, eioi?uie iaeaaeaao
ainoaea?noai. A ioee/ea io i?aanoaaiiie e naiaeiie aeanoe iieeoe/aneay
aeanoue iineo ia ee/iinoii-iaiin?aaenoaaiiue, a
iauanoaaiii-iiin?aaeiaaiiue oa?aeoa?. Iieeoe/aneay aeanoue i?iyaeyaony
a iaueo ?aoaieyo e ?aoaieyo aeey anao, a ooieoeeiie?iaaiee einoeoooia
(i?aceaeaio, i?aaeoaeuenoai, ia?eaiaio, noae). A ioee/ea io i?aaiaie
aeanoe, ?aaoee?othuae ioiioaiey iaaeaeo eiie?aoiuie noauaeoaie,
iieeoe/aneay aeanoue iiaeeecoao ia aeinoeaeaiea oeaeae aieueoea iannu
ethaeae, ?aaoee?oao ioiioaiey iaaeaeo a?oiiaie ai a?aiy noaaeeueiinoe,
iauaai niaeaney. Aiey e aeanoe o iaeieo aeiiieiyaony iio?aaiinoueth
ae?oaeo i?eniaaeeieoueny e aeanoiie aiea, eaeaioeoeoee?iaaoue naay n
iae, iiae/eieoueny ae. Iniiaiuie eiiiiiaioaie aeanoe yaeyaony:
noauaeo, iauaeo. n?aaenoaa (?ano?nu) e i?ioeann ,i?eaiaeyuee a
aeaeaeaiea ana aa yeaiaiou e oa?aeoa?ecothueeny iaoaieciii e niiniaaie
acaeiiaeaenoaey noauaeoa e iauaeoa. Noauaeo aeanoe aiieiuaao aa
aeoeaiia, iai?aaeythuaa ia/aei. Ei iiaeao auoue ioaeaeueiue /aeiaae,
i?aaiecaoeey, iauiinoue ethaeae, iai?eia?, ia?iae eee aeaaea ie?iaia
niiauanoai, iauaaeeiaiiia a III.
Noauaeou iieeoe/aneie aeanoe eiatho neiaeiue, iiiaio?iaiaaue oa?aeoa?:
aa ia?ae/iuie noauaeoaie yaeythony eiaeeaeaeu, aoi?e/iuie -
iieeoe/aneea i?aaiecaoeee, noauaeoaie iaeaieaa aunieiai o?iaiy,
iaiin?aaenoaaiii i?aaenoaaeythueie ai aeanoiuo ioiioaieyo ?acee/iua
iauanoaaiiua a?oiiu e aanue ia?iae, iieeoe/aneea yeeou e eeaea?u.
Naycue iaaeaeo yoeie o?iaiyie iiaeao ia?ooaoueny. Oae, iai?eia?, eeaea?u
ia?aaeei io?uaathony io iann e aeaaea io i?eaaaeoeo eo a aeanoe ia?oee.
Noauaeo ii?aaeaeyaony niaea?aeaieai aeanoiiai ioiioaiey /a?ac i?eeac
(?anii?yaeaiea, eiiaiaeo). A i?eeaca i?aaeienuaaaony iiaaaeaiea iauaeoa
aeanoe, oeacuaathony (eee iiae?acoiaaathony) naieoeee, eioi?ua aea/ao ca
niaie auiieiaiea eee iaauiieiaiea ?anii?yaeaiey. Io i?eeaca, oa?aeoa?a
niaea?aeaueony a iai o?aaiaaiey ai iiiaii caaeneo ioiioaiea e iaio
iauaeoa, eniieieoaeae - aoi?iai aaaeiaeoaai yeaiaioa aeanoe. Iauaeo
aeanoe. Aeanoue - anaaaea aeaonoi?iiiaa, aneiiao?e/iia, n
aeiieie?iaaieai aiee aeanoeoaey acaeiiaeaenoaea aa noauaeoa e iauaeoa.
Iia iaaiciiaeia aac iiae/eiaiey iauaeoa. Anee oaeiai iiae/eiaiey iao,
oi iao e aeanoe, ianiio?y ia oi, /oi no?aiyueeny e iae noauaeo iaeaaeaao
y?ei au?aaeaiiie aieae aeanoaiaaiey e aeaaea iiuiuie n?aaenoaaie
i?eioaeaeaiey. A eiia/iii n/aoa o iauaeoa aeanoiie aiee anaaaea anoue
ionoue e?aeiee, ii ana aea auai? - iiaeaiooue, ii ia iiae/eieoueny, /oi
iaoei, a /anoiinoe, naia au?aaeaiea a naiaiaeiethaeaii eicoiaa ?eo/oa
oia?aoue n?aaeaynue, /ai aeeoue ia eieaiyo?. Ianooaau ioiioaiey iauaeoa
e noauaeoo aeanoaiaaiey i?inoe?athony io iaeanoi/aiiiai nii?ioeaeaiey,
ai?ueau ia oie/oiaeaiea aei aeia?iaieueiiai, aini?eieiaaiiai n
?aaeinoueth iiaeiiaaiey. Ea/anoaa iauaeoa iieeoe/aneiai aeanoaiaaiey
ii?aaeaeythony i?aaeaea anaai iieeoe/aneie eoeueoo?ie ianaeaiey.
Iiiyoea ?ano?nia aeanoe. Aaaeiaeoae nioeeaeueiie i?e/eiie iiae/eiaiey
iaeieo ethaeae ae?oaei yaeyaony ia?aaiiia?iia ?ani?aaeaeaiea ?ano?nia
aeanoe. A oe?ieii niunea ?ano?nu aeanoe i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ?ana oi,
/oi eiaeeaeae eee a?oiia iiaoo eniieueciaaoue aeey aeeyiey ia ae?oaeo?.
Oaeei ia?acii ?ano?nu aeanoe - yoi ana oa n?aaenoaa, eniieueciaaiea
eioi?uo iaania/eaaao aeeyiea ia iauaeo aeanoe a niioaaonoaee n oeaeyie
noauaeoa. ?ano?nu i?aaenoaaeytho niaie eeai aaaeiua aeey iauaeoa
oeaiiinoe (aeaiueae, i?aaeiaou iio?aaeaiey e o.i.), eeai n?aaenoaa,
niiniaiua iiaeeyoue ia aioo?aiiee ie?, iioeaaoeey /aeiaaea
(oaeaaeaeaiea, i?anna e o.i.), eeai i?oaeey (eino?oiaiou), n iiiiuueth
eioi?uo iiaeii eeoeoue /aeiaaea oao eee eiuo oeaiiinoae, aunoae ec
eioi?uo iau/ii n/eoaaony aeeciue (i?oaeea, ea?aoaeueiua i?aaiu a
oeaeii).
?ano?nu, ia?yaeo n noauaeoii e iauaeoii, aunooiatho iaeiei ec
aaaeiaeoeo iniiaaiee aeanoe. Iie iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny aeey iiiu?aiey,
iaeacaiey eee oaaaeaeaiey.
Iieeoeea, eae iu aeaeaee ?aiaa, yaeyaony iaeiei ec niiniaia ?aaoeyoeee
iiaaaeaiey, a a yoii niunea oanii naycaia n ae?oaei oaeoi?ii
iauanoaaiiie aeecie, oi?iie iainiiaaiey iiaaaeaiey a iauanoaaiiii
niciaiee - ii?aeueth.
3. Ii?aeue
3.1 Iiiyoea ii?aee.
Yoeiieiae/anee oa?iei ii?aeue ainoiaeeo e eaoeineiio neiao mos
(iiiaeanoaaiiia /enei mores), iaicia/athuaio i?aa. Ae?oaia cia/aiea
yoiai neiaa - caeii, i?aaeei, i?aaeienaiea. A nia?aiaiiie oeeinioneie
eeoa?aoo?a iiae ii?aeueth iiieiaaony i?aanoaaiiinoue, iniaay oi?ia
iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey e aeae iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee; iaeei ec iniiaiuo
niiniaia ?aaoeyoeee aeaenoaee /aeiaaea a iauanoaa n iiiiuueth ii?i.
Ii?aeue aicieeaao e ?acaeaaaony ia iniiaa iio?aaiinoe iauanoaa
?aaoee?iaaoue iiaaaeaiea ethaeae a ?acee/iuo noa?ao eo aeecie. Ii?aeue
n/eoaaony iaeiei ec naiuo aeinooiiuo niiniaia iniuneaiey ethaeueie
neiaeiuo i?ioeannia nioeeaeueiiai auoey. Ei?aiiie i?iaeaiie ii?aee
yaeyaony ?aaoee?iaaiea acaeiiioiioaiee e eioa?ania ee/iinoe e iauanoaa.
Ii?aeue aeeth/aao: ii?aeueiua ioiioaiey, ii?aeueiia niciaiea,
i?aanoaaiiia iiaaaeaiea.
3.2 Ii?aeue e iieeoeea
A enoi?ee oeeinioneie iunee aii?in i acaeiiioiioaiee ii?aee e iieeoeee
o?aeoiaaeny io iieiiai io?eoeaiey eaeeo au oi ie auei naycae iaaeaeo
ieie (Iaeeaaaeee, Aiaan) aei i?eciaiey, /oi ii?aeue e iieeoeea iiaoo
auoue naaaeaiu ae?oa e ae?oao (ii?aeecaoi?neee iiaeoiae).
Acaeiiaeaenoaea ii?aee e iieeoeee ?aciiia?acii e iiiaiieaiiai.
Iieeoe/aneay ai?ueaa iaecaaaeii nii?iaiaeaeaaony noieeiiaaieai
ii?aeueiuo onoaiiaie. Iieeoeea i?enoue ii?aaeaeaiiay no?aoaaey e
oaeoeea, a oaeaea caeiiu, ia?ooaoue eioi?ua iaeuecy aaciaeacaiii, e
aianoa n oai a naieo no?aoaae/aneeo oeaeyo iieeoeea niaea?aeeo
ii?aeueiua oeaiiinoe, neaaeiaaoaeueii, aioo?aiithth ii?aeueioth
i?eaioaoeeth. Iieeoeea a oaeoeea, a auai?a oeaeae e n?aaenoa enoiaeeo ec
eo yooaeoeaiinoe e aeinooiiinoe, iaeiaei ia aeieaeia eaii?e?iaaoue eo
ii?aeueiie ii?aaaeaiiinoe. Ii?aeue aicaeaenoaoao ia iieeoeeo /a?ac
i?aanoaaiiua ioeaiee e i?eaioaoeee. Iieeoeea oaeaea ieacuaaao
aicaeaenoaea ia ii?aeue, ii, eae iieacuaatho oaeou ioa/anoaaiiie
enoi?ee, a noi?iio aa iiie?aoaeuenoaa.
Ana oi?iu iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey, io?aaeay aaeeiia iauanoaaiiia auoea e
iaeaaeay aioo?aiiae niaoeeoeeie, acaeiiaeaenoaotho iaaeaeo niaie.
Acaeiiiaoneiaeaiiinoue yoeo yaeaiee caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi iieeoe/aneea
acaeyaeu ii?aaeaeytho noaiiaeaiea e ?aaeecaoeeth i?aanoaaiiuo ii?i, oae
aea eae ii?aeueiua ioiioaiey, ii?iu niinianoaotho oi?ie?iaaieth
iieeoe/aneiai niciaiey.
Yoi cia/eo, /oi i?eaioaoeey ee/iinoe ia nioeeaeueiua iio?aaiinoe,
au?aaeathuayny a iieeoe/aneii niciaiee, iiaee?aieyaony iiiyoeai aeieaa,
/anoe, niaanoe, ni?aaaaeeeainoe, n/anouey e o.ae., oi anoue i?eia?aoatho
i?aanoaaiioth ie?aneo. A naith i/a?aaeue, i?aanoaaiiua i?eioeeiu
noaiiayony aieaa aeaenoaaiiuie, anee iie iniciaiu /aeiaaeii n iiceoeee
iieeoeee. I?iaeaio acaeiiaeaenoaey iieeoeee e ii?aee iiaeii ?aoaoue a
?acee/iuo aniaeoao iiae ?aciuie oaeaie c?aiey. Ia iao acaeyae,
i?aaenoaaeyao eioa?an eiioeaioeey A.Iaieiineiai, eco/athuaai enoi?eth
?innee a ?aieao aeaoo ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo o?aaeeoeee, aeaoo
acaeiieneeth/athueo acaeyaeia ia ie?, a eioi?uo io?aaeaiu ana
iiiaiia?aciua oi?iu /aeiaa/aneie oeeaeeecaoeee:
· nenoaiioeaio?eoeeci
· ia?niiioeaio?eci
A ia?niiioea?enoioneie oeaea eiaeeaeaeooi yaeyaony aunoae
oi/eie, ia?ie anao aauae. Ana yaeaiey nioeeaeueiiai ie?a
?anniao?eaathony neaicue i?ecio /aeiaa/aneie ee/iinoe.
A nenoaiioeaio?enoneie oeaea eiaeeaeaeooi eeai ionoonoaoao, eeai
?anniao?eaaaony, eae ia/oi aniiiiaaoaeueiia. Eiaeeaeae - n?aaenoai, ii
ia oeaeue. ?inney ioiineony e nenoaiioeaio?ecio.
Yoe aeaa oi?iu i?aaenoaaeytho niaie aeaa yoe/aneeo aaiioeia. Iniiaiia
?acee/ea iaaeaeo ieie ninoieo a i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoe iiaeoiaeia e
?ac?aoaieth ii?aeueiuo eiioeeeoia. A iniiaiuo aaoayo ?inneeneie
ia?iaeiinoe ainiiaenoai nenoaiioeaio?enoneie yoeee ia i?ioyaeaiee
aaniethoiiai aieueoeinoaa noieaoee aa enoi?e/aneiai nouanoaiaaiey
aac?acaeaeueii. Iiiiceoeey iauanoai - ee/iinoue aeaaea ia aicieeaea ia
iioiio, /oi auea aa?iiiey, ia iioiio, /oi ia auei i?ioeai?a/ee, a
iioiio, /oi ana i?ioeai?a/ea ?ac?aoaeenue a iieueco oeaeiai. Nenoaia
anaaaea eiaea i?aainoiaeiue einoeieo naiinio?aiaiey. Ethaua aicieeaaoea
a ?innee aiciiaeiinoe auaanoe no?aio ec aeaniioecia anooiaee a
i?ioeai?a/ey n iaoeeiiaeueiuie noa?aioeiaie iieeoe/aneiai iiaaaeaiey e
ii?aeueiuie iniiaaie nioeeaeueiuo acaeiiioiioaiee.
Eeoue a ia/aea XIX ia?niiioeaio?eci noae i?aaenoaaeyoue a ?innee
caiaoioth nioeeaeueioth aaee/eio, e aanue XIX i?ioae iiae ciaeii
?acaeoey, oeo/oaiey, oe?aieaiey yoie ii?iaeu, ?anoe?aiey aa nioeeaeueiie
aacu.
E ia/aeo XX ia?niiioeaio?enoneee aaiioei a ?onneii iauanoaa iieo/ee
i?aaa a?aaeaeainoaa e i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue e iaio noaea aaaeouei i?eciaeii
eioaeeeaaioeee.
Ia?niiaeenoneia iuoeaiea XX aaea nouanoaoao ai iiiaeanoaa aa?eaioia, ii
aeey anao ieo. *aeiaae anoue enoie e caaa?oaiea aio?iiieiae/aneie
ea?oeiu. *aeiaae i?eciaaony ia?ie anao aauae. Aoiaienoe/aneee i?eioeei
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi iao ie/aai aieaa aunieiai e aieaa aeinoieiiai,
/ai /aeiaa/aneay aeeciue. Aeaaaeoeaoay noaouey Eiinoeoooeee ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee iiaeoaa?aeaeaao, /oi eaaeaeue eiaao i?aai ia aeeciue, ii a
yoie aea noaouea aiai?eony e i aiciiaeiinoe nia?oiie eacie: Nia?oiay
eaciue ai?aaeue aei aa ioiaiu iiaeao onoaiaaeeaaoueny oaaea?aeueiui
caeiiii a ea/anoaa eneeth/eoaeueiie ia?u iaeacaiey ca iniai oyaeeea
i?anooieaiey i?ioea aeecie i?e i?aaeinoaaeaiee iaaeiyaiiio i?aaa ia
?anniio?aiea aai aeaea noaeii n o/anoeai i?enyaeiuo canaaeaoaeae. Eoae,
aii?in i niioiioaiee i?eciaiey oeaiiinoe /aeiaa/aneie aeecie e
aeiiouaiey nia?oiie eacie - iaeia ec ino?uo ii?aeueiuo i?iaeai iaoeo
aeiae. A eaaeaeie oeeaeeecaoeee nouanoaotho naie ii?aeueiua i?iaeaiu,
iaoneiaeaiiua eiie?aoiuie enoi?e/aneeie oneiaeyie, ii ana iie oae eee
eia/a yaeythony ?aciuie a?aiyie iaueo ii?aeueiuo i?iaeai /aeiaaea.
4. Iieeoe/aneea e ii?aeueiua aniaeou ii?aoi?ey ia eniieiaiea nia?oiie
eacie.
4.1 E enoi?ee aii?ina.
?inney aieoaea a ?aaiie noaiaie ea?aoaeueiue iiuo Caiaaea, e Ainoiea.
Iona/aiea iina ca eo?aiea oaaaea - iiaaoeey io Ainoiea. Yoaoio - io
Caiaaea. A eiyaeaneie ?one nia/aea aeaenoaiaae i?eioeei e?iaiie ianoe.
Ou oaee iiaai iooea, y oaueth oaiaai nuia. ss?ineaa Ioae?ue ioiaiee
i?aai ?iaeiaie nia?oe, caiaiea aai aeaiaaeiui aueoiii. Eiycue Aeaaeeie?
ia noae eacieoue aeaaea aaaeiiuo eeoeo ethaeae (a nia?aiaiiie
oa?ieiieiaee - ?aoeeaeeaenou). Ii ia?a oe?aieaiey ainoaea?noaaiiinoe,
iaeanoi/aeenue e i?aaiaua ii?iu. Noaeaaiee Eaaia A?iciiai oaea
onoaiaaeeaae nia?oioth eaciue aeaaea ca ia?aoth e?aaeo - ii n iiee/iui.
I?e Eaaia A?iciii iaeeueii oaeea ?onneay e?iaooea. Iniaaiii iiioey?iie
ia?ie iaeacaiey noaee ooiieaiey.
Niai?iia oeiaeaiea 1649 aiaea ?anoe?eei aei 60 ia?a/aiue i?anooieaiee,
ea?aaiuo eaciueth, a oii /enea ca naea/o ai?iaea iai?eyoaeth, iiaeaeaeeo
i?eeaciuo ienai, aeaiaa (caeeaaee ai?ei ?anieaaeaiiui iaoaeeii), ca
acyoee noaeae, ca iiaaa ni neoaeau, ca eieaeianoai, i?iaeaaeo oaaaea,
iiaeaeia ec ceiau. A Iineaa ethaeae eaciyo /aua, /ai a ae?oaii ianoa
oaeaatho niaae, - ienae a oi a?aiy iaeei ec iooaoanoaaiieeia. Aeeeaiia -
eacieoue eee ieeiaaoue? - aeey ?innee ia iiaay.
Ai?en Aiaeoiia, acieaey ia i?anoie, aeae iaao iyoue eao ieeiai ia
eacieoue. Oea?eoea Aeecaaaoa oiaea ioiaieea nia?oioth eaciue. 8 ec 20
eao aa oea?noaiaaiey a ?innee ia aaoaee, ia eieaniaaee, ia /aoaa?oiaaee,
ia caeeaaee ai?ei naeioeii, ia naeeaaee, ia caeaiuaaee a caieth, ia
iiaeaaoeaaee ca ?aa?i.
Iaaae I, noaa ?inneeneei naiiaea?aeoeai, a 1799 aiaeo oiaea ioiaiee
nia?oioth eaciue. Aieioue aei OIO aaea a nenoaia iaeacaiee i?aiaeaaeaee
nia?oiay eaciue e oaeaniua iaeacaiey, a ia oth?aiiua caeeth/aiey.
I?e/eia aaiaeueiay - ia oaaoaei oth?aiiuo ieiuaaeae. Eeoue i?eiyoue a
1832 aiaeo Naiae caeiiia naeaeae ia eeoaiea naiaiaeu e oaeaniuo
iaeacaieyo. Aeee a ?innee aa?aaeie, oeunoii, iaeeie, ?icaaie, eiooii.
Naiui oyaeaeui eniuoaieai n/eoaeinue aeouea eiooii. Oaeay ii?ea, eiaaea
iyni ec einoae au?uaaeinue, oaeoe/anee auea nia?oiie eaciueth. Aieioue
aei 1881 aiaea nia?oiua eacie eniieiyeenue ioaee/ii i?e aieueoii
noa/aiee ia?iaea. Ii caoai Aeaenaiae? III ecaeae oeac, eioi?ue
i?aaeeaaae aoaa?iaoi?ai naiei ii?aaeaeyoue oth?ueiu, a eioi?uo
eniieiyoue nia?oioth eaciue.
Nii?u i oii, iaaei ee ioiaiyoue nia?oioth eaciue a ?innee, oee
iinoiyiii. Iao?aoaaneee (aai i?eaiai?eee e nia?oiie eacie) ia noaea 1849
aiaea i?eaiaeee neiaa ?eoaeuea: Iaieoeoa naiue neia, eaeeo oioeoa, e y
ec yoiai auaaaeo aai oaieiaiue i?ioeann, eioi?ue aeieaeai eii/eoueny
nia?oiie eaciueth. Aieueoaaeee, i?eaey e aeanoe, ioiaieee nia?oioth
eaciue, ia iioii ioaaoeee e?aniui oa??i?ii ia aaeue.
Iineaaiaiiue I?aceaeeoi AN NNN? oaeaea ioiaiee i?eiaiaiea nia?oiie
eacie a ie?iia a?aiy. Iaeiaei 12 yiaa?y 1950 a. Oio aea I?aceaeeoi
aeiionoee nia?oioth eaciue eae aunooth ia?o iaeacaiey, i?eiaiyaioth e
iiae?uaieeai-aeeaa?naioai, eciaiieeai ?iaeeiu, oieiiai. Ecaanoii
neieueei aacaeiiuo ethaeae noaee aea?oaaie iacia/eoaeueiie iii?aaee.
A i?eiyoie Aeoiie iiaii Oaieiaiii eiaeaena nio?aieeanue 5 noaoae, ii
eioi?ui aiciiaeii auianaiea aunoae ia?u iaeacaiey, - a oii /enea ca
oaeenoai a ioya/athueo ianoiyoaeuenoaao. Ioiaiaia nia?oiay eaciue ca
eciaio ?iaeeia, ca oeuaiey a iniai e?oiiuo ?acia?ao e ae?. Aeaenoaothuay
Eiinoeoooeey ?O aeiioneaao nia?oioth eae a?aiaiiia onoaiiaeaiea -
ai?aaeue aei aa ioiaiu.
4.2 Ainoaea?noaaiiia oaeenoai.
A aeeaeaeoaa a?aiy Ainoaea?noaaiiay Aeoia aeieaeia ?anniio?aoue
caeiiii?iaeo, aianaiiue aeaiooaoaie, i?aaicaueoieeaie A. Ai?uaaui e TH.
?uaaeiaui I ii?aoi?ee ia eniieiaiea nia?oiie eacie. Anee caeii aoaeao oi
a ?innee aieioue aei caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai ?aoaiey aii?ina ia ioiaia
nia?oiie eacie ethaeae ia?anoaioo ?anno?aeeaaoue. Aeaaiia aic?aaeaiea
iiiiiaioia: iaeuecy, aic?anoaao i?anooiiinoue. I?ioea oaeiai aeiaiaea
nouanoaoao iiiaeanoai aaneeo a?aoiaioia. Iieeoe/aneee iaic?aaaoaeue
Eeoa?aoo?iie aacaou A. Ai?ei ?anniao?eaaao iaeioi?ua ec ieo.
ssiiineee oth?aiiue ineoeao? caaeaeny oeaeueth eco/eoue, i?e eaeeo
ianoiyoaeuenoaao niaa?oeee i?anooieaiey 145 oaeeoe, i?eaiai?aiiuo e
nia?oiie eacie a ia?eiae n 1955 ii 1957 aiaeu. Ieacaeinue, /oi ie iaeei
ec inoaeaeaiiuo ia?aae oai, eae oaeoue, i?inoi ia caaeoiuaaeny i oii,
/oi ii iiaeao auoue i?eaiai?ai ca yoi e nia?oiie eacie, ianiiiaiii, iie
ciaee, /oi caeii i nia?oiie eacie nouanoaoao e i?eiaiyaony. Ii iuneue i
iae ia iiaea naea?aeaoue yoeo ethaeae, oaaaeaeai yiiineee ineoeao?, a
neeo eo eiioeueneaiinoe e ianiiniaiinoe iuouaoue naay a ethaii ae?oaii
io?acea a?aiaie, e?iia ianoiyuaai.
E oaeiio aea auaiaeo i?eoae e a?eoaineee a?a/. Ii ieoao: Naea?aeeaathuaa
aeeyiea nia?oiie eacie ioithaeue ia oaeia i?inoia yaeaiea, eae iieaaatho
iaeioi?ua... I/aiue iiiaea oaeeoeu a iiiaio niaa?oaiey i?anooieaiey
ianoieueei iai?yaeaiu, /oi ia niiniaiu iniciaoue iineaaenoaey naieo
aeaenoaee aeey naay; ae?oaea aea noiaee oaaaeeoue naay a oii, /oi ei
oaeanony inoaoueny aaciaeacaiiuie.
Yoa caaaaeea /?acau/aeii aieiiaaea e aaeeeiai o?aioeocneiai ienaoaey,
oeeinioa-yecenoaioeeaeenoa - Aeueaa?a Eaith. Aai o?aeoao iacuaaaony
?aciuoeaiea i aeeueioeia, iiaoi?ea, /oi ia aeieacaii, aoaeoi oa?ica
nia?oiie eacie canoaaeea ionooieoueny io i?anooiiiai iaia?aiey oioy au
iaeiiai ceioiuoeaiieea, oiaaea eae ouny/e i?anooiieeia ianiiiaiii
iaea?aeeiu iuneueth i iae, Eaith ieoao: No?ao nia?oe aeaenoaeoaeueii
i/aaeaeai, ii i/aaeaeii e oi, /oi aio ia aeaii iiaaaeeoue eiua no?anoe,
oa?cathuea /aeiaaea. Ayeii aue i?aa: ethaay, aeaaea naiay neaaay
no?anoue i?ioeainoieo no?aoo nia?oe. Ianoue, ethaiaue, /anoue, aieue,
eaeie-ieaoaeue ae?oaie no?ao iiaoo iaea?aeaoue aa?o... Ia i?ioyaeaiee
aaeia nia?oiay eaciue - ia?aaeei aeoia n aeeea?neie ooii/aiiinoueth -
auea i?ecaaia i?ioeaiaeaenoaiaaoue i?anooieaieth, iaeiaei i?anooieaiea
ieacaeinue aeeao/ei.
Ii/aio aea? - ni?aoeaaao ienaoaeue. E ioaa/aao: iioiio /oi einoeieou,
?acaee?athuea aeooo /aeiaaea, ia canouee ?ac e iaanaaaea a naia i
?aaiiaanee, eae oi/ao oiai caeii. Yoi ia?aiaiiua neeu, - ooaa?aeaeaao
Eaith, - oie?athuea e aic?iaeaeathueany iii/a?aaeii, aani?anoaiiua eo
ioeeiiaiey io ioeaaie ioiaoee nooue iniiaa aeecie aeooa... Aiia?acei
na?eth eieaaaiee, io aeaeaiey aei aiaoee, io ?aoeiinoe aei
aacunoiaeiinoe, eioi?ua iu ana eniuouaaai ca aeaiue, oaaee/ei eo /enei
aei aaneiia/iinoe - e iu iieo/ei i?aaenoaaeaiea i aaca?aie/iinoe
/aeiaa/aneie ineoeee... Nia?oiay eaciue iiaea au ono?aoaoue, aoaeue
/aeiaa/aneay i?e?iaea eiie, noieue aea onoie/eaie e yniie, eae nai
caeii. Ii iia ia oaeiaa...
Eaith caia/aao: Anyeee i?anooiiee aei noaea ii?aaaeuaaao naay. Anee
niaa?oaiiia ei oaeenoai e ia caeiiiia?ii, oi ii e?aeiae ia?a ii aea?oaa
ianoiyoaeuenoaa. Ii ie i /ai ia aeoiaao e ie/aai ia i?aaeiieaaaao, a
anee aeoiaao - cia/eo, i?aaeiieaaaao oieueei niyoea n naay aeiu, iieiia
eee /anoe/iia. Iiaeao ee ii aiyoueny oiai, /oi n/eoaao aanueia
iaeiaa?iyoiui?.. Nia?oe ii noaiao aiyoueny iinea noaea, ii ia ia?aae
naiei i?anooieaieai... .
Eae iieacuaaao aaeiaie iiuo, ?ann/eouaaoue ia oieaa?naeueioth neeo
?anno?aeueiuo noaoae oaieiaiiai eiaeaena, ii iiaieth A. Ai?eia. ia
i?eoiaeeony e i?eaiaeeo eiie?aoiua i?eia?u ec ie?iaie e ?inneeneie
i?aeoeee, eiaaea nia?oiue i?eaiai? aue auianai ii ioeaea.
Auaoee ieieno? aioo?aiieo aeae Aaeeeia?eoaiee ?ie Aeaeaieen a ai?aea
1987 aiaea ai a?aiy aeaaaoia i nia?oiie eacie a iaeaoa iauei ?anneacae,
/oi ca aeaa n?iea i?aauaaiey ia iinoo ieieno?a aio i?eoeinue caieiaoueny
aeanyoueth aeaeaie, ii eioi?ui iia au auoue auianai nia?oiue i?eaiai?,
oioy ii eaaeaeiio ec yoeo aeae eiaeenue aeiaieueii neeueiua niiiaiey. A
/anoiinoe, ia eneeth/aeinue, /oi e nia?oe auee i?eaiai?aiu niaa?oaiii
iaaeiiaiua. Aeaia ec yoeo ethaeae auee iiaaoaiu. Auee au iiaaoaiu e
inoaeueiua, anee au a 1965 aiaeo ia ioiaieee nia?oioth eaciue.
ss n/eoath, - neacae auaoee ieieno?, - /oi noaeaeaiey /aeiaaea neeoeii
iaiinoiyiiu, /oiau iieueciaaoueny eie aeey iainiiaaiey nia?oiie eacie -
aeoa ieii/aoaeueiiai. Oieueei iaeei /aeiaae a noaeaaiii caea oaa?aei
ciaao, niaa?oee ii naia i?anooieaiea eee iao. Anai ae?oaei inoaaony
eeoue iiaeic?aaaoue, aeiaaaeuaaoueny e noa?aoueny iaeoe enoeio. Eo
?aoaiea iiaeao eeai niaianoue n iae, eeai iao. Aa?aioee, /oi enoeia
iaia?oaeaia aeinoiaa?ii, ieii/aoaeueii e aaniiai?ioii, i?aeoe/anee iao
ieeiaaea. Anoue oieueei aieueoay eee iaiueoay aa?iyoiinoue. Ethaeneie
noae ?aoaao aii?in i aeecie e nia?oe /aeiaaea, niaa?oay iiae/an naiia
oaeaniia i?anooieaiea - caeiiii ioieiaao aeeciue o iaaeiiaiiai /aeiaaea.
Anee iu iniiauaaai iaoe ii?aeueiia noaeaeaiea i /aeiaaea ia iiaiee, iia
ii eee ia iia a oii eee eiii neo/aa i?iyaeoue neeo aiee, oi ieeaeia
ii?aeueiia noaeaeaiea ieacuaaaony aiiaua iaaiciiaeiui... noaeeoue
icia/aao oaeaea ?aaeeciauaaoue ooieoeeth noaeaeneie aeayoaeueiinoe,
?aoay - noaeeoue eee iiieeiaaoue, - ieoao Y. O?iii a ?aaioa i?aanoaaiiua
neeu /aeiaaea e i?iaeieaeaao, - ia?ac noaeuee - eeoea, auai?iiai a
aeaiie?aoe/aneii iauanoaa e oai?aoe/anee ia noiyuaai iaae
nia?aaeaeaiaie, - ana-oaee ia naiaiaeai io iaeaoa ae?aaiaai iiiyoey
ea?athuaai aiaeanoaa. Oioy eae ee/iinoue ii e ia iaeaaeaao eaeie-oi
naa?o/aeiaa/aneie aeanoueth, aai aeieaeiinoue e ooieoeey eiaiii oaeiau.
Yoeie ooieoeeyie iaaeaeyao aai ainoaea?noai, oieeay aai ia niaa?oaiea
i?anooieaiey (eioi?ia eae oaeiaui ia i?eciaaony) e a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue a
ii?aeueiii ieaia: Auneacuaathuee ii?aeueioth ioeaieo ia ai?aaa a?aoue ia
naay ?ieue Aiaa eee aa?oiaiiai noaeuee.
4.3 Iooe ?aaeecaoeee ii?aoi?ey.
?anniao?eaay no?oeoo?o iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu, aeeth/athuoth aunoee,
i?iiaaeooi/iue e iecoee o?iaie, a eiaiii: iaaio?iaaiue, iacio?iaaiue,
iee?io?iaaiue e niioiiny eo n i?iaeaiie ii?aoi?ey ia eniieiaiea nia?oiie
eacie, iiaeii i?iaanoe iaeioi?ua ia?aeeaee e auaeaeeoue aiaeiae/iua
o?iaie. Yoi iicaieeo i?ineaaeeoue, eae ia oii eee eiii o?iaia
iiaeaioiaeaia eee oieueei ca?iaeaeaaony aiciiaeiinoue oniaoiiai
inouanoaeaiey ii?aoi?ey a iaoae no?aia, eaeia iooue aai ?aaeecaoeee.
Oae, Niaao Aa?iiu iiaeii n/eoaoue iaaio?iaiai, aaea i?eciaiu
iaiaoiaeeiinoue e aiciiaeiinoue ii?aoi?ey, eai naii anooieaiea a
Aa?iiaeneia Niiauanoai o?aaoao io no?ai - o/anoieoe i?eciaiey
iaaiciiaeiinoe eniieiaiey aunoae ia?u iaeacaiey.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay Aeoia, i?eiyaoay e ?anniio?aieth aeaiiue caeiiii?iaeo a
neo/aa aai ooaa?aeaeaiey iiaeao i?aaenoaaeyoue iacio?iaaiue. E
iaeiiaoe, iee?io?iaaiue aeeth/aao a naay iauanoaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee,
ia?oee, iauanoaaiiua aeaeaeaiey, iauanoaaiiia iiaiea, eioi?ia iiaeao
ieacaoue ?aoathuaa aeeyiea ia nei?aeoaa i?iaeaeaeaiea caeiia, aai
ooaa?aeaeaiea e i?eiyoea e aeaenoaeth.
*oi eanaaony ii?aeueiiai aniaeoa i?iaeaiu ii?aoi?ey, ianiiiaiii, aai
?aoaiea i?eaeano iieiaeeoaeueioth i?aanoaaiioth ie?aneo. Aiciiaeii, a
ioa/anoaaiiie enoi?ee yoi noaiao iiaui i?ia?anneaiui oaaii.
Caeeth/aiea.
A nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa ioiioaiea iieeoeee e ii?aee, iieeoe/aneiai e
ii?aeueiiai niciaiey neeaaeuaaaony oaeei ia?acii, /oi cia/aiea
i?aanoaaiiiai ia/aea a iieeoeea aic?anoaao, ana /aua iieeoe/aneea
yaeaiey iiaeaa?aathony ii?aeueiiio ecia?aieth, i?aanoaaiiie ioeaiea.
Anee i?ia?ann a iieeoeea nouanoaoao, oi iaeiei ec aai i?iyaeaiee neoaeeo
eiaiii yoi yaeaiea. Iii au?aaeaaony, iai?eia?, a ?ani?ino?aiaiee
oieeiaaiey i?eioeeia i?aaiaiai ainoaea?noaa, eae i?eciathuaai e
io?aiythuaai i?aaa /aeiaaea e ?anniao?eaathuaai eo ia?ooaiea eae
na?ueaciia ainoaea?noaaiiia i?anooieaiea, a oaeaea a i?eciaiee
i?ei?eoaoa i?aa /aeiaaea ia?aae iaoeeiiaeueiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii e
aaoi?eoaoii.
?inney iaoiaeeony a noaaeee noaiiaeaiey i?aaiaiai ainoaea?noaa. Yoi
cia/eo, /oi ?inneeneay iieeoeea iaiieiyaony iienoeia aoiaienoe/aneei
niaea?aeaieai, eae n oi/ee c?aiey aa aeeaeaeoeo e eiia/iuo oeaeae, oae e
n oi/ee c?aiey eniieuecoaiuo ath iaoiaeia. Yoi cia/eo, /oi iieeoeea ana
aieaa i?eaa?aeaia iaua/aeiaa/aneei yoe/aneei ii?iai e oeaiiinoyi,
eioi?uie ?oeiaiaenoaothony a naieo acaeiiioiioaieyo ia oieueei
ioaeaeueiua eiaeeaeaeu, ii e ia?iaeu.
Eiaiii a yoii aniaeoa aaaaeaiea ii?aoi?ey ia eniieiaiea nia?oiie eacie
yaeyaony iaecaaaeiui e iaiaoiaeeiui.
Iieeoe/aneea oeaee anaaaea o?aaotho aea?oa. E ana aea enoi?e/aneee iiuo
iieacuaaao, /oi ioeac io o?aaiaaiee ii?aee, a eiia/iii n/aoa, iaaoaii
neacuaaaony ia ?aaeueiie aeecie.
Eco/aiea acaeiiioiioaiee iieeoeee e ii?aee i/aiue aaaeii aeey niciaiey
oiai, /oi i?ienoiaeeo n iaie e n iaoei iauanoaii.
Aeaeeia?aoey
1. A?iineee I. A. - Acaeiiaeaenoaea iieeoe/aneiai e ii?aeueiiai
niciaiey. - I.: Ciaiea, 1985. - 64 n.
2. Aoeei A. ?., Iaeuoaaneee A. ?. - Oeieueieeai i oeeinioee. - I.:
I?inaauaiea, 1992. - 159 n.
3. Ainoaea?noaaiiia oaeenoai. - Eeoa?aoo?iay aacaoa. - aeaeaa?ue 1996
4. Aeaieaeia A. E., Oaaeinaaa A. A. - Iniiau iieeoieiaee. - I.: Aunoay
oeiea, 1995. - 272 n.
5. Ca /oi a ?inne aieiau ?oaeee? - Eiiniiieueneay i?aaaea. - aeaeaa?ue
1996.
6. Eaiaoianeee A. E. - Aaeeinoai iieeoeee e ii?aee. - E.: Ciaiea,1979 -
136 n.
7. Iaeueoeaa A. A. - Iniiau iieeoieiaee. - Ia?iue: IAO, 1993. - 304 n.
8. Iaeuoaaneee A. O., Ea?ioiei A. A., Iea?ia E. N. - Aaaaeaiea a
oeeinioeth. - I.: I?inaauaiea, 1995. - 256 n.
9. Iaieiineee A. A. - Ae?aia ?inneeneie iieeoe/aneie enoi?ee: nenoaia
i?ioea ee/iinoe. - I.: Einoeooo ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa, 1994. - 352 n.
10. Iieeoe/aneay eoeueoo?a ?innee, auione IV. - I.: Einoeooo
iieiaeaaee, 1990. - 231 n.
11. Neiaa?ue ii yoeea. - I.: Iieeoe/aneay eeoa?aoo?a, 1981. - N. 182 -
193
12. O?aeaea? TH. A. - Eaeoeee ii yoeea. - I.: IE?IN, 1994. - 135 n.
13. Microsoft® Encarta ® 96 Encyclopedia. © 1993-1995 Microsoft
corporation.
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