Реферат: Задачи учета материалов и их классификация
O*AO IAOA?EAEIA
1. CAAeA*E O*AOA IAOA?EAEIA E EO EEANNEOEEAOeEss
I?iecaiaenoaaiiua caianu, yaeyynue i?aaeiaoaie o?oaea, iaania/eaatho
aianoa ni n?aaenoaaie o?oaea e ?aai/ae neeie i?iecaiaenoaaiiue i?ioeann
i?aaei?eyoey, a eioi?ii iie eniieuecothony iaeiie?aoii. Naaanoieiinoue
eo iieiinoueth ia?aaeaaony ia aiiaue nicaeaiiue i?iaeoeo. A oeaeii ii
no?aia oaeaeueiue aan iaoa?eaeia a naaanoieiinoe ecaioiaeyaiie
i?iaeoeoeee ninoaaeyao nauoa 70%, a a oaenoeeueiie e oeie/aneie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe - aei 85%.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ii?aaeaeythuaa cia/aiea i?eia?aoatho ea/anoaaiiua
iieacaoaee, oaeea, eae nieaeaiea oaeaeueiuo cao?ao nu?uey, iaoa?eaeia e
oiieeaa. Yoi cia/eo, /oi iaiaoiaeeii oaaee/eoue i?eiaiaiea i?ia?anneaiuo
eiino?oeoeeiiiuo iaoa?eaeia, iaoaeee/aneeo ii?ioeia e ieanoiann,
caiaieoue aei?iainoiyuea iaoa?eaeu aieaa aeaoaauie, neioaoe/aneeie aac
nieaeaiey ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee; nie?aoeoue iooiaeu i?iecaiaenoaa.
Iaiaoiaeeii eiiieaenii eniieueciaaoue i?e?iaeiua e iaoa?eaeueiua
?ano?nu, iaeneiaeueii ono?aiyoue iioa?e e ia?aoeeiiaeueiua ?anoiaeu.
Oe?iei aiaeaeaoue a oicyenoaaiiue iai?io aoi?e/iua ?ano?nu, a oaeaea
iiiooiua i?iaeoeou. Iiiyoii, /oi eniieueciaaiea oaeeo iniiaiuo
iai?aaeaiee yeiiiiee ?ano?nia, eae aiaae?aiea iiauo oaoiieiaee,
iiauoaiea ea/anoaa nu?uey e iaoa?eaeia, nieaeaiea iooiaeia,
eniieueciaaiea aoi?e/iuo ?ano?nia, iicaieyao nicaeaoue iaaeaaeii
aeaenoaothuee i?ioeaicao?aoiue iaoaieci ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ia?iaeiiai
oicyenoaa.
N oeaeueth yeiiiiee iaoa?eaeia e ?ano?ninaa?aaeaiey iaiaoiaeeii oe?a
i?eiaiyoue a i?aeoeea oaeie yeiiiie/aneee noeioe, eae i?aie?iaaiea
?aai/eo. Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii aiaae?aiea nenoaiu eeoeaauo n/aoia
yeiiiiee ia ?aai/eo ianoao e no?iaia ii?ie?iaaiea ?anoiaea iaoa?eaeia,
/aio niinianoaoao ia?aoiae ia ii?iaoeaiue iaoiae ieaie?iaaiey e o/aoa
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo cao?ao e eaeueeoee?iaaiey naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee.
Caieiathony yoeie aii?inaie oaoiieiae/aneea neoaeau i?aaei?eyoey,
iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai niaaaeaiey e aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa - eae
eiio?iee?othuee i?aai.
Aeaiiua aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa aeieaeiu niaea?aeaoue eioi?iaoeeth aeey
ecuneaiey ?aca?aia nieaeaiey naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee a /anoe
?aoeeiiaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey iaoa?eaeia, nieaeaiey ii?i (?anoiaea,
iaania/aiey iaaeeaaeauaai o?aiaiey iaoa?eaeia, eo nio?aiiinoe.
Iniiaiua caaea/e aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa a yoie iaeanoe:
eiio?ieue, ca nio?aiiinoueth iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae a ianoao eo
o?aiaiey e ia anao noaaeeyo ia?aaioee;
i?aaeeueiia e naiaa?aiaiiia aeieoiaioe?iaaiea anao iia?aoeee ii
aeaeaeaieth iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, auyaeaiea e io?aaeaiea cao?ao,
naycaiiuo n eo ecaioiaeaieai, ?an/ao oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe
ec?anoiaeiaaiiuo iaoa?eaeia e eo inoaoeia ii ianoai o?aiaiey e noaoueyi
aaeaina;
nenoaiaoe/aneee eiio?ieue ca niaethaeaieai onoaiiaeaiiuo ii?icaiania,
auyaeaiea eceeoieo e iaeniieuecoaiuo iaoa?eaeia, eo?aaeecaoeey;
naiaa?aiaiiia inouanoaeaiea ?an/aoia n iinoaaueeaie iaoa?eaeia, eiio?iey
ca iaoa?eaeaie, iaoiaeyueieny a iooe, iaiooaeoo?iaaiiuie iinoaaeaie.
Aeey iaania/aiey aeaenoaaiiiai eiio?iey ca nio?aiiinoueth iaoa?eaeueiuo
oeaiiinoae iaiaeiaaaeiia cia/aiea eiatho i?aaiecaoeey niaaaeaiey ia
i?aaei?eyoeyo, ninoiyiea neeaaeneiai e aaniecia?eoaeueiiai oicyenoaa. N
yoie oeaeueth i?eeacii ii i?aaei?eyoeth eaaeaeiio neeaaeo i?enaaeaaaony
iinoiyiiue iiia?, eioi?ue aiineaaenoaee oeacuaaaony ia anao aeieoiaioao,
ioiinyueony e iia?aoeeyi aeaiiiai neeaaea. I?e iaee/ee ianeieueeeo
neeaaeia 'iaiaoiaeeii nin?aaeioi/eoue a eaaeaeii iaoa?eaeu ii?aaeaeaiiuo
a?oii. Aioo?e neeaaeia iaoa?eaeu aeieaeiu ?aciauaoueny ii naeoeeyi,
caoai ii oeiini?oi?acia?ai a ooaaaeyo, ia noaeeaaeao e ia iieeaon oaeei
?an/aoii, /oiau iaania/eoue aiciiaeiinoue auno?ie eo i?eaiee, ioionea e
i?iaa?ee iaee/ey. N yoie aea oeaeueth a ianoao o?aiaiey iaoa?eaea
i?ee?aieyaony y?eue (o. ? I-36). Neeaaeuaeieaeiu auoue iieiinoueth
iaania/aiu eni?aaiuie aanaie, ecia?eoaeueiuie i?eai?aie e ia?iie oa?ie.
Iaoa?eaeu aeieaeiu oeaio?aeeciaaiii aeinoaaeyoueny n aaceniuo neeaaeia a
oeaoe ii niaeaniaaiiui a?aoeeai. Iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue nienie
aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, ioaaonoaaiiuo ca i?eaieo e ioione iaoa?eaeueiuo
oeaiiinoae (caaaaeothueo neeaaeaie, eeaaeiaueeia, yeniaaeeoi?ia e ae?.),
ca i?aaeeueiia e naiaa?aiaiiia ioi?ieaiea yoeo iia?aoeee, a oaeaea ca
nio?aiiinoue aaa?aiiuo ei iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae. N yoeie eeoeaie
aeieaeiu auoue caeeth/aiu aeiaiai?u i iaoa?eaeueiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe.
Anai neoaeaai i?aaei?eyoey neaaeoao eiaoue nienie aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe,
eioi?ui i?aaeinoaaeaii i?aai iiaeienuaaoue aeieoiaiou ia iieo/aiea e
ioione ni neeaaeia iaoa?eaeia, a oaeaea auaeaaaoue ?ac?aoaiey (i?iionea)
ia auaic n i?aaei?eyoey iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae.
A i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa iaoa?eaeu eniieuecothony ?acee/ii. Iaeie ec
ieo iieiinoueth iio?aaeythony a i?iecaiaenoaaiiii i?ioeanna (nu?uea e
iaoa?eaeu), ae?oaea eciaiytho oieueei naith oi?io e ?acia? (niaci/iua
iaoa?eaeu, e?anee), o?aouee - aoiaeyo a ecaeaeey aac eaeeo-eeai aiaoieo
eciaiaiee (caianiua /anoe), /aoaa?oua - oieueei niinianoaotho
ecaioiaeaieth ecaeaeee, ia, aoiaeyo a eo ianno eee oeie/aneee ninoaa
(IAI).
Ana iaoa?eaeu ii niiniao eo eniieueciaaiey e iacia/aiey a
i?iecaiaenoaaiiii i?ioeanna iiaeii iiae?acaeaeeoue oaeei ia?acii:
nu?uea (?oaea a iaoaeeo?ae/aneeo i?iecaiaenoaao, oeiiie-nu?aoe a
oaenoeeueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe e o. i.);
iniiaiua iaoa?eaeu (/a?iua iaoaeeu a iaoeiino?iaiee, ean
aea?aaiia?aaaouaathuae i?iiuoeaiiinoe);
iieoiiua iieooaa?eeaou (iioi?u a noaieino?iaiee, oeiu a
aaoiiiaeeano?iaiee);
aniiiiaaoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu (niaci/iua iaoa?eaeu, e?anea, eae, iaoe?i/iua
iaoa?eaeu e o. ae.);
iooiaeu (no?oaeea, iieeee, ia?acee o?oa e o. ae.),
oa?a (aea?aayiiay, ea?oiiiay, iaoaeee/aneay);
oiieeai (ae?iaa, eaiaiiue oaieue);
caianiua /anoe (ioaeaeueiua aeaoaee iaoei e iai?oaeiaaiey aeey
eaieoaeueiiai ?aiiioa);
iaeioeaiiua e auno?ieciaoeaathueany i?aaeiaou (ioaa?oee, noaianee,
oicyenoaaiiue eiaaioa?ue, niaoeiaeaaeaea e o. ae.).
E?iia oiai, iaoa?eaeu, eeanneoeoee?othony ii oaoie/aneei naienoaai e
aeaeyony ia a?oiiu: /a?iua iaoaeeu, i?ieao, o?oau, oeaaoiua iaoaeeu,
oeieeaou e o. ae., anaai 42 a?oiiu. Yoaeeanneoeeaoeey onoaiiaeaia
Aineiinoaoii NNN?. A nayce n yoei i?aaei?eyoey caiieiytho oi?iu
io/aoiinoe ? 1-ni e 4-ni.
Oaeay eeanneoeeaoeey aeaao aiciiaeiinoue i?aaei?eyoeth eiio?iee?iaaoue
iaania/aiiinoue oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna niioaaonoaothueie aeaeaie
oeaiiinoae e iiyoiio iia aea iaiaoiaeeia e aeey i?aaiecaoeee
aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa iaoa?eaeia.
2. I?AAIECAOeEss O*AOA IAOA?EAEIA, EO NAAANOIEIINOUe
E IOeAIEA A OAEOUAI O*AOA
Aeey oniaoiiai auiieiaiey caaea/, noiyueo ia?aae aooaaeoa?neei o/aoii
iaoa?eaeia, iaiaoiaeeii:
eiaoue iiiaieeaoo?o-oeaiiee;
onoaiiaeoue /aoeoth nenoaio aeieoiaioaoeee e
aeieoiaioiiai?ioa;i?iaiaeeoue a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea eiaaioa?ecaoeeth
e eiio?ieueiua auai?i/iua i?iaa?ee inoaoeia iaoa?eaeia, naiaa?aiaiii
io?aaeaoue a o/aoa eo ?acoeueoaou;
oe?a aiaae?youe nia?aiaiiua n?aaenoaa aaoiiaoecaoeee o/aoa.
Aeey i?aaeeueiie i?aaiecaoeee o/aoa iaoa?eaeia ia i?aaei?eyoeyo
?ac?aaaouaaaony iiiaieeaoo?a-oeaiiee. Iiiaieeaoo?a-nenoaiaoece?iaaiiue
ia?a/aiue iaeiaiiaaiee iaoa?eaeia, iieooaa?eeaoia, caianiuo /anoae,
oiieeaa e ae?oaeo iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, eniieuecoaiuo ia aeaiiii
i?aaei?eyoee. Iiiaieeaoo?aiaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae aeieaeia niaea?aeaoue
neaaeothuea aeaiiua i eaaeaeii iaoa?eaea: oaoie/anee i?aaeeueiia
iaeiaiiaaiea (a niioaaonoaee n iauanithciuie noaiaea?oaie - AINO);
iieioth oa?aeoa?enoeeo (ia?ea, ni?o, ?acia?, aaeeieoea ecia?aiey e i?.);
iiiaieeaoo?iue iiia? -oneiaiia iaicia/aiea, caiaiythuaa, ii nouanoao,
ia?a/eneaiiua i?eciaee. Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiay iiiaieeaoo?a
iaoa?eaeia - oeeo?iaay. Anee aea a iiiaieeaoo?a oeacaia o/aoiay oeaia
eaaeaeiai aeaea iaoa?eaeia, oi iia iacuaaaony iiiaieeaoo?ie - oeaiieeii.
I?eaaaeai i?eia? iino?iaiey iiiaieeaoo?u-oeaiieea ia iaoa?eaeu ii
a?oiiai: I - /a?iua iaoaeeu e II - oeaaoiua iaoaeeu.
Ia eaaeaeii aeieoiaioa ii aeaeaeaieth iaoa?eaeia aeieaeii auoue oeacaii
ia oieueei iaeiaiiaaiea iaoa?eaea, ii e aai iiiaieeaoo?iue iiia?.
Iiiaieeaoo?a iaoa?eaeia iicaieyao ia aeiioneaoue ioeaie i?e caiieiaiee
i?eoiaeiuo e ?anoiaeiuo aeieoiaioia e i?e caienyo a neeaaeneii e
aooaaeoa?neii o/aoa iaoa?eaeia.
Aaaeiia cia/aiea a o/aoa eiaao ioeaiea iaoa?eaeia: iioiaay, aeiaiai?iay,
ieaiiaay e oaeoe/aneay.
Iioiaua oeaiu onoaiaaeeaathony oeaio?aeeciaaiii, ooaa?aeaeathony
i?aaeoaeuenoaii e eniieuecothony a aeaea ioioneiuo, i?iaeaaeiuo oeai i?e
?an/aoao iaaeaeo i?aaei?eyoeai-iinoaaueeii e i?aaei?eyoeai -
iieoiaoaeai. Eciaiythony iie oieueei ii ?aoaieth i?aaeoaeuenoaa.
Aeiaiai?iua oeaiu onoaiaaeeaathony i?e caeeth/aiee aeiaiai?ia -
iinoaaie.
Ieaiiaay naaanoieiinoue (oeaia) iaoa?eaeia ?ac?aaaouaaaony i?aaei?eyoeai
e a aa ninoaa aeeth/athony: iioiaay oeaia, eee aeiaiai?iay. I?iaiciay
oeaia (aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue oa?eo), ?anoiaeu ii ?aca?ocea e aeinoaaea
iaoa?eaeia ia neeaaeu i?aaei?eyoee, ?anoiaeu ii niaea?aeaieth
niaoeeaeueiuo caaioiaeoaeueiuo eiioi? e neeaaeia a ianoao caaioiaie,
eiiaiaee?iai/iua ?anoiaeu, iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycaiiua n caaioiaeaieai
iaoa?eaeia. Ieaiiaay naaanoieiinoueaeaenoaoao ia i?aaei?eyoeyo
aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy e iaiyaony i?e eciaiaiee iinoaaueeia, iioiauo oeai e
oa?eoia ca ia?aaiceo.
Oaeoe/aneay naaanoieiinoue ?ann/eouaaaony aooaaeoa?eae i?aae i?eyoey
aaeaiany/ii ia iniiaa iioiaie oeaiu iaoa?eaeia, oaeoe/anee
ec?anoiaeiaaiiuo n?aaenoa ia i?iaicioth ieaoo (aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue
oa?eo), oaeoe/anee i?iecaaaeaiiuo ?anoiaeia ii ?aca?ocea e aeinoaaea
iaoa?eaeia ia neeaaeu i?aaei?eyoey, oaeoe/anee i?iecaaaeaiiuo ?anoiaeia
ia niaea?aeaiea niaoeeaeueiuo caaioiaeoaeueiuo eiioi? a ianoao
caaioiaee, noiiu iioa?ue io iaaeinoa/e nu?uey e iaoa?eaeia a iooe a
i?aaeaeao ii?i anoanoaaiiie oauee; oaeoe/anee i?iecaaaeaiiuo ?anoiaeia
ia eiiaiaee?iaee ii iaiin?aaenoaaiiiio caaioiaeaieth iaoa?eaeia.
?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea ioaeaea niaaaeaiey e caaiaeneeo neeaaeia a
naaanoieiinoue iaoa?eaeia ia aeeth/athony. Eo ioiinyo ia iauacaaiaeneea
(iauaoicyenoaaiiua) ?anoiaeu i?aaei?eyoey.
Aeey oi?iuaiey ieaie?iaaiey e o/aoa iaoa?eaeia a aeaiaaeiii au?aaeaiee
?anoiaeu, aeeth/aaiua a eo naaanoieiinoue, aeaeyo ia aeaa noaouee
(/anoe): noieiinoue iaoa?eaeia ii iioiaui oeaiai e
o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiua ?anoiaeu.
Oaeoe/aneoth naaanoieiinoue iaoa?eaeia iiaeii ?ann/eoaoue oieueei ii
ieii/aiee ianyoea, eiaaea aooaaeoa?ey aoaeao eiaoue neaaaaiua yoie
naaanoieiinoe (ieaoaaeiua o?aaiaaiey iinoaaueeiaiaoa?eaeia, ieaoaaeiua
o?aaiaaiey ca ia?aaiceo, ca iia?oci/ii-?aca?oci/iua ?aaiou e i?i/ea
?anoiaeu). Aeaeaeaiea aea iaoa?eaeia i?ienoiaeeo ia i?aaei?eyoeyo
aaeaaeiaaii, e aeieoiaiou ia i?e-oiae e ?anoiae iaoa?eaeia aeieaeiu
ioi?ieyoueny naiaa?aiaiii, ii ia?a niaa?oaiey iia?aoeee e iaoiaeeoue
io?aaeaiea a o/aoa. Ii yoiio iiyaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiinoue eniieueciaaoue a
oaeouai o/aoaoaa?aeua, ca?aiaa onoaiiaeaiiua oeaiu, iacuaaaiua o/aoiuie.
Eie iiaoo auoue iioiaua eee ieaiiaua oeaiu.
A neo/aa eniieueciaaiey a oaeouai o/aoa iioiauo oeai ii ieii/aiee
ianyoea ?ann/eouaathony noiiu e i?ioeaio o?ainii?oii caaioiaeoaeueiuo
?anoiaeia aeey aeiaaaeaiey eo aei oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe.
I?e eniieueciaaiee ieaiiauo oeai aaeaiany/ii ?ann/eouaathony noiiu e
i?ioeaiou ioeeiiaiee oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe io ieaiiaie (yeiiiiey eee
ia?a?anoiae). Yoio iieacaoaeue i?aaeinoaaeyao aiciiaeiinoue aeaoue
ioeaieo i?ioeanno caaioiaeaiey iaoa?eaeia. O?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiua
?anoiaeu eee ioeeiiaiey io ieaiiauo oeai ?ann/eouaathony ia ii eaaeaeiio
iiiaieeaoo?iiio iiia?o iaoa?eaeia, a ii a?oiiai iaoa?eaeia (.iniiaiua
iaoa?eaeu, aniiiiaaoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu, iieoiiua iieooaa?eeaou, oiieeai e
o. ae.). Ca iniiao ?an/aoa aa?oony inoaoee iaoa?eaeia ia ia/aei ianyoea
e eo iinooieaiea ca io/aoiue ianyoe .
3. AeIEOIAIOAOeEss II O*AOO AeAEAEAIEss IAOA?EAEIA
Aeey o/aoa aeaeaeaiey iaoa?eaeia i?eiaiyaony oeiiaay o/aoiay
aeieoiaioaoeey, ioaa/athuay o?aaiaaieyi iniiaiuo iieiaeaiee ii o/aoo
iaoa?eaeia e i?eniiniaeaiiay aeey aaoiiaoece?iaaiiieia?aaioee
eioi?iaoeee. Eiee/anoai yecaiiey?ia auienuaaaiuo aeieoiaioia e eo
aeieoiaioiiai?io onoaiaaeeaathony a caaeneiinoe io oa?aeoa?a
i?aaei?eyoee, iniaaiiinoae i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa,
iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai niaaaeaiey e io nenoaiu i?aaiecaoeee o/aoa.
Eiee/anoai yecaiiey?ia aeieaeii auoue ieieiaeueiui: i?e eniieueciaaiee
YAI - iaeei yecaiiey?, a i?e ?o/iie ia?aaioea - ia aieaa aeaoo.
Oeiiaua iaaeaeoaaaeiinoaaiiua aeieoiaiou auienuaathony a no?iaii
niioaaonoaee n oeacaieyie Aineiinoaoa NNN?.
Iinooieaiea iaoa?eaeia ia i?aaei?eyoea eiio?iee?oao a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
ioaeae niaaaeaiey, eioi?ue neaaeeo ca auiieiaieai iinoaaueeaie
aeiaiai?iuo iaycaoaeuenoa, i?aaeuyaeyao ei i?aoaicee ii ea/anoao e
iaaeinoa/ai iaoa?eaeia, ?acuneeaaao a?ocu, anee iie naiaa?aiaiii ia
i?eauee ia i?aaei?eyoea.
Iaoa?eaeu ia neeaae io ianoiuo e eiiai?iaeieo iinoaaueeia aeinoaaeyao
yeniaaeeoi? ioaeaea niaaaeaiey. I?eieiay a?ocu io o?ainii?oiuo
i?aaiecaoeee (aeaeaciie aei?iae, i?enoaie), yeniaaeeoi? iniaia aieiaiea
oaeaeyao ninoiyieth oa?u, ieiia, a a neo/aa eo iia?aaeaeaiee o?aaoao
i?iaa?ee e naea/e a?oca. Anee iaia?oaeeony iaaeinoa/a eee ii?/a a?oca,
ninoaaeyaony eiiia?/aneee aeo ia i?aai i?aaeuyaeaiey i?aoaicee e
o?ainii?oiie i?aaiecaoeee eee e iinoaaueeo.
A iiiaio naea/e yeniaaeeoi?ii iaoa?eaeia ia neeaae iaoa?eaeueii
ioaaonoaaiiia eeoei (caaaaeothuee neeaaeii, eeaaeiauee) i?iaa?yao
niioaaonoaea eiee/anoaa, ea/anoaa e anni?oeiaioa iinooieaoeo iaoa?eaeia
aeieoiaioai iinoaaueea. Iaeie ec ieo io?aaeatho eiee/anoai ioi?aaeaiiiai
a?oca (niaoeeoeeaoeee, ioaanu, iaeeaaeiua), ae?oaea -ea/anoai
(na?oeoeeaou, oaeinoiaa?aiey e o. i.). I?e niioaaonoaee iieacaoaeae
aeieoiaioia oaeoe/aneiio iaee/eth iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiia eeoei
auienuaaao i?eoiaeiue i?aea? (o. ? I-C e I-4).
?acee/atho aeieoiaiou iaeiino?i/iua, auienaiiua ia ioaeaeueioth
iiiaieeaoo?ioth iiceoeeth iaoa?eaeia, e iiiaino?i/iua ia ianeieueei
iiiaieeaoo?iuo iiceoeee iaoa?eaeia iaeiia?aiaiii.
A oneiaeyo ?o/iie ia?aaioee ?aeiiaiaeoaony i?eiaiyoue iaeiino?i/iua
aeieoiaiou, i?e aaoiiaoecaoeee - iiiaino?i/iua. I?eoiaeiua i?aea?a o. ?
I-C (iaeiino?i/iue) e o. ? I-4 (iiiaino?i/iue) iaiaoiaeeiu aeey
eiee/anoaaiii-noiiiaiai o/aoa iaoa?eaeia, iinooiathueo ia i?aaei?eyoea
io iinoaaueeia eee ec ia?a?aaioee.
Aeey nie?auaiey eiee/anoaa ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioia ?ac?aoaaony e
aacaeieoiaioiia ioi?ieaiea iinooieaoeo iaoa?eaeia. Anee ?anoiaeaeaiee ie
a eiee/anoaa, ie a ea/anoaa i?eauaoaai a?oca n aeieoiaioaie iinoaaueea
iao, oi ia aeieoiaioao iinoaaueea (ieaoaaeiuo o?aaiaaieyo) i?inoaaeyaony
e caiieiyaony niaoeeaeueiue ooaii n iniiaiuie ?aeaeceoaie i?eoiaeiiai
i?aea?a.
A neo/aa oeaio?aeeciaaiiie aeinoaaee iaoa?eaeia aaoio?ainii?oii ni
neeaaea iinoaauee auienuaaao oiaa?ii-o?ainii?oioth iaeeaaeioth (o. ? I-5
e I-6) a /aou?ao yecaiiey?ao:
a) iieoiaoaeth - aeey ii?eoiaeiaaiey iaoa?eaeia aianoi i?eoiaeiiai
i?aea?a
a) iinoaaueeo - aeey nienaiey oeaiiinoae;
a) aeey ia/eneaiey ca?aaioiie ieaou aiaeeoaeyi aaoio?ainii?oa;
a) aeey i?aaeuyaeaiey a aaie ia iieaoo.
Aeo i i?eaiea iaoa?eaeia (o. ? I-7) i?eiaiyaony aeey ioi?ieaiey
iinooieaoeo iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae aac ieaoaaeiuo aeieoiaioia e a
neo/aa ?anoiaeaeaiee (eiee/anoaaiiuo e ea/anoaaiiuo) n aeaiiuie
nii?iaiaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioia. Aeo ninoaaeyaony eiienneae n
iaycaoaeueiui o/anoeai i?aaenoaaeoaey iinoaaueea eee i?aaenoaaeoaey
iacaeioa?aniaaiiie i?aaiecaoeee, caaaaeothuaai neeaaeii e i?aaenoaaeoaey
ioaeaea niaaaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey. Eiienney iacia/aaony ?oeiaiaeeoaeai
i?aaei?eyoey. Ninoaaeyaony aeo a aeaoo yecaiiey?ao: ia?aue - ia?aaeaaony
a aooaaeoa?eth i?aaei?eyoey eae iniiaaiea aeey aooaaeoa?neeo caienae ia
n/aoao e ?an/aoa noii iaaeinoa/ eee eceeoeia; aoi?ie - iinooiaao a
ioaeae niaaaeaiey aeey i?aaeuyaeaiey i?aoaicee iinoaaueeo eee niiauaiey
aio i i?aaenoaaeaiee ieaoaaeiiai o?aaiaaiey ia eceeoee. Iaee/ea aeoa
eneeth/aao auieneo i?eoiaeiiai i?aea?a.
I?eoiaeiua aeieoiaiou ninoaaeythony a aeaiue iinooieaiey iaoa?eaeia.
I?eoiaeiua i?aea?a, iaeeaaeiua e aeou niaea?aeao iniiaiua ?aeaeceou:
iaeiaiiaaiea iinoaaueea, iaeiaiiaaiea iaoa?eaeia, eo ni?o, ?acia?,
eiee/anoai, oeaio, noiio, iiaeiene eeoe, i?eiyaoeo e naeaaoeo iaoa?eaeu.
Iainiaeaiii o?aiyony ia neeaaeao iaoa?eaeu, iiaeeaaeauea eaai?aoi?iiio
aiaeeco e oaoie/aneiio iniio?o, a oaeaea iaoa?eaeu, i?eiyoua ia
ioaaonoaaiiia o?aiaiea. I?eoiaeiua i?aea?a ia ieo ia auienuaathony,
?anoiaeiaaoue eo ia ?ac?aoaaony aei auyaeaiey ?acoeueoaoia aiaeeca. Eo
o/ao i?aaiecoaony a niaoeeaeueiie eieaa. Aia/aea ?aaeno?e?otho
iinooieaoea iaoa?eaeu, iaoiaeyueany ia eaai?aoi?iii enneaaeiaaiee, a
caoai iaoa?eaeu, i?eiyoua ia ioaaonoaaiiia o?aiaiea. Aaaeaiea yoie eieae
iaania/eaaao eiio?ieue ca nio?aiiinoueth nioeeaeenoe/aneie
nianoaaiiinoe.
E?iia ia?a/eneaiiuo aeieoiaioia, ninoaaeythony iaeeaaeiua (o. ? I-12,
I-13) i?e aioo?aiiai ia?aiauaiee iaoa?eaeia ni neeaaea ia neeaae eee i?e
naea/a oeaoaie ia neeaae iaeniieueciaaiiuo nyeiiiieaiiuo iaoa?eaeia eee
oeaiiuo iooiaeia i?iecaiaenoaa, iooiaeia io a?aea i?iaeoeoeee, io
eeeaeaeaoeee iniiaiuo n?aaenoa, io auauoey ec yenieoaoaoeee iaeioeaiiuo
e auno?ieciaoeaathueony i?aaeiaoia. Iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiua eeoea,
naeathuea iaoa?eaeu, auienuaatho iaeeaaeiua a aeaoo yecaiiey?ao: iaeei
oeaoo aeey nienaiey iaoa?eaeia, ae?oaie neeaaeo - aeey eo
ii?eoiaeiaaiey.
?anoiaeiua aeieoiaiou io?aaeatho ioione iaoa?eaeia ia i?iecaiaenoaaiiua
ioaeaeu (ecaioiaeaiea i?iaeoeoeee), ia oicyenoaaiiua ioaeaeu
(niaea?aeaiea caeaiee, ?aiiioiua ?aaiou), ?aaeecaoeeth ia noi?iio
eceeoieo, ia eniieuecoaiuo a oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey
iaoa?eaeia. E iei ioiinyony: eeieoii - caai?iua ea?ou, o?aaiaaiey,
iaeeaaeiua.
Eeieoii - caai?iay ea?oa (o. ? I-8, I-9) auienuaaaony ioaeaeii
niaaaeaiey ia iaeio eee ianeieueei iiceoeee (aeaeia iaoa?eaeia),
ioiinyueony e ii?aaeaeaiiiio eiaeo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuocao?ao (caeaco).
?an/ao iio?aaiinoe iaiaoiaeeiiai iauaia e aeaea iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae
oeaoo aeey auiieiaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu inouanoaeyao
ieaiiai-i?iecaiaenoaaiiue ioaeae. Eeieo ?anoiaeiaaiey e ioionea
iaoa?eaeia i?e yoii nie?auaaony ia eiee/anoai oeaiiinoae aeaiiiai aeaea
inoaaoeony a oeaoao ia ia/aei ianyoea. Auienuaathony ea?ou a aeaoo
yecaiiey?ao: iaeei -oeaoo, ae?oaie - neeaaeo. I?e ioionea oeaiiinoae ni
neeaaea eeaaeiauee ?anienuaaaony a eeieoii - caai?iie ea?oa oeaoa, a
i?aaenoaaeoaeue iieo/aoaey - a eeieoii - caai?iie ea?oa neeaaea. A iaaeo
ea?oaoiinea eaaeaeiai ioionea auaiaeeony inoaoie iaeniieueciaaiiiai
eeieoa. Ii eniieueciaaiee eeieoa e ii ieii/aiee ianyoea eeieoii -
caai?iua ea?ou naeathony a aooaaeoa?eth i?aaei?eyoey. Ia iniiaaiee eo
ioi?ieyaony ioione iaoa?eaeia e inouanoaeyaony oaeouee eiio?ieue ca
niaethaeaieai onoaiiaeaiiuo eeieoia eo ioionea ia i?iecaiaenoaaiiua
ioaeaeu.
Ii eeieoii - caai?iie ea?oa aaaeaony oaeaea o/ao iaoa?eaeia, ia
eniieueciaaiiuo a i?iecaiaenoaa (aica?ao). I?e yoii ieeaeeo
aeiiieieoaeueiuo aeieoiaioia ia ninoaaeyaony.
A oeaeyo nie?auaiey eiee/anoaa eeieoii - caai?iuo ea?o aiciiaeii
i?eiaiaiea iieaa?oaeueiuo ea?o n io?uaiuie iany/iuie oaeiiaie. Anee
eeieoii - caai?iua ea?ou eniieuecothony i?e iinoiyiiii, nenoaiaoe/aneii
ioionea iaoa?eaeia, oi aeey ioi?ieaiey iaeiie?aoiiai eo ioionea ia
oicyenoaaiiua e i?i/ea ioaeaeu i?eiaiyaony o?aaiaaiea (o. ? I-10 e
I-11). Auienuaaaony o?aaiaaiea a aeaoo yecaiiey?ao oeaoaie, ioaeaeaie,
iio?aaeoaeyie iaoa?eaeia: iaeei -inoaaony o iieo/aoaey n ?anieneie
iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiiai eeoea neeaaea, aoi?ie - o caaaaeothuaai
neeaaeii (eeaaeiaueea) n ?anieneie iieo/aoaey.
Anyeee naa?oeeieoiue ioione iaoa?eaeia ia i?iecaiaenoai (aiciauaiea
a?aea, ia?a?anoiae, ia?aauiieiaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu) eee
caiaia iaoa?eaeia ioi?ieythony auieneieniaoeeaeueiiai o?aaiaaiey n
ioiaoeie a iai eiaea i?e/eiu e aeiiaieea ia?a?anoiaea. Ioione a yoeo
neo/ayo aeiioneaaony oieueei n ?ac?aoaiey aee?aeoi?a i?aaei?eyoey, eee
aeaaiiai eiaeaia?a,eee eeoe, eie oiieiiii/aiiuo.
Iaeeaaeiua (o. ? I-14 e I-15) i?eiaiythony aeey o/aoa e ioi?ieaiey
ioionea iaoa?eaeia ia noi?iio eee oicyenoaai naiaai i?aaei?eyoey,
?aniieiaeaiiui ca i?aaeaeaie aai oa??eoi?ee. Auienuaathony iie ioaeaeii
nauoa a o?ao yecaiiey?ao ia iniiaaiee ia?yaeia eee aeiaiai?ia. I?e
ia?aaicea aaoio?ainii?oii iaoa?eaeia, ioiouaiiuo ia noi?iio,
auienuaaaony oiaa?ii-o?ainii?oiay iaeeaaeiay.
4. O*AO IAOA?EAEIA IA NEEAAeAO E AAI NAssCUe
N O*AOII IAOA?EAEIA A AOOAAEOA?EE.
Ii?yaeie o/aoa iaoa?eaeia ia neeaaeao e a aooaaeoa?ee caaeneo io
iaoiaea o/aoa iaoa?eaeia. Iaoiae i?aaeoniao?eaaao ii?yaeie e
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aaaeaiey o/aoa iaoa?eaeia, aeaeu o/aoiuo
?aaeno?ia, eo eiee/anoai, acaeiinaa?eo iieacaoaeae.
Iaeaieaa i?ia?anneaiui e ?aoeeiiaeueiui iaoiaeii o/aoa iaoa?eaeia
yaeyaony iia?aoeaii aooaaeoa?neee (naeueaeiaue). Aiciiaeiu oaeaea
eiee/anoaaiii-noiiiaie iaoiae e n iiiiuueth io/aoia iaoa?eaeueii
ioaaonoaaiiuo eeoe.
Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu iia?aoeaii-aooaaeoa?neiai iaoiaea neaaeothuea:
iia?aoeaiinoue e aooaaeoa?neay aeinoiaa?iinoue eiee/anoaaiiiai o/aoa ia
neeaaea i?e iiiiue ea?oi/ae neeaaeneiai o/aoa, eioi?ua aaaeoony
iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuie eeoeaie;
nenoaiaoe/aneee eiio?ieue ?aaioieeia aooaaeoa?ee iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia
neeaaea ca i?aaeeueiui e naiaa?aiaiiui aeieoiaioe?iaaieai iia?aoeee ii
aeaeaeaieth iaoa?eaeia e aaaeaieai neeaaeneiaio/aoa iaoa?eaeia;
i?aaeinoaaeaiea aooaaeoa?ai i?aaa i?iaa?ee niioaaonoaey oaeoe/aneeo
inoaoeia iaoa?eaeia a iaoo?a aeaiiui oaeouaai neeaaeneiai o/aoa;
inouanoaeaiea aooaaeoa?eae o/aoa aeaeaeaiey iaoa?eaeia oieueei a
aeaiaaeiii au?aaeaiee ii o/aoiui oeaiai e ii oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe a
?ac?aca a?oii iaoa?eaeia e iano eo o?aiaiey,a i?e iaee/ee AO - oaeaea a
?ac?aca iiiaieeaoo?iuo iiia?ia;
nenoaiaoe/aneia iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea (acaeiinaa?ea) aeaiiuo neeaaeneiai e
aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa iooai niiinoaaeaiey inoaoeia iaoa?eaeia ii aeaiiui
neeaaeneiai (eiee/anoaaiiiai) o/aoa, ioeaiaiiuo ii i?eiyoui, o/aoiui
oeaiai, n inoaoeaie iaoa?eaeia ii aeaiiui aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa.
Iia?aoeaii-aooaaeoa?neee iaoiae o/aoa iaoa?eaeia i?aaeiieaaaao aaaeaiea
ia neeaaeao oieueei eiee/anoaaiii-ni?oiaiai o/aoa aeaeaeaiey iaoa?eaeia.
Inouanoaeyaony ii ia ea?oi/eao neeaae-neiai o/aoa iaoa?eaeia (oei. o. ?
I-17). Aooaaeoa?ey ioe?uaaao ea?oi/ee ia eaaeaeue iiiaieeaoo?iue iiia?
iaoa?eaea e iiae ?anieneo ia?aaeaao eo caaaaeothuaio neeaaeii. Ii ia?a
iinooieaiey ia neeaae iaoa?eaeia eeaaeiauee auienuaaao i?eoiaeiue i?aea?
eee caiaiythuee aai aeieoiaio e ?aaeno?e?oao aai a ea?oi/ea neeaaeneiai
o/aoa iaoa?eaeia. Ia iniiaaiee ?anoiaeiuo aeieoiaioia (eeieoii -
caai?iuo ea?o, o?aaiaaiee, iaeeaaeiuo) a ea?oi/ea ?aaeno?e?oaony ?anoiae
iaoa?eaeia.
?aciinea ec eeieoii - caai?iuo ea?o a ea?oi/ee neeaaeneiai o/aoa
iaoa?eaeia aeaiiuo ia ioionea iiaeao i?iecaiaeeoueny e ii ia?a cae?uoey
ea?o (anee iie ia iaeio iiceoeeth iaoa?eaeia), ii ia iicaeiaa 1-ai /enea
neaaeothuaai ca io/aoiui ianyoea. A yoii neo/aa eeieoiua ea?ou a oa/aiea
ianyoea o?aiyony aianoa n niioaaonoaothueie ea?oi/eaie neeaaeneiai
o/aoa. Inoaoie a ea?oi/ea auaiaeeony iinea eaaeaeie caiene. A
iaycaiiinoe eeaaeiaueea aoiaeeo caienue o/aoiuo oeai a aeieoiaiou ia
i?eoiae e ?anoiae iaoa?eaeia e iiia? caiene ii neeaaeneie ea?oioaea. A
onoaiiaeaiiua a?aoeeii n?iee eeaaeiauee ninoaaeyao ?aano?u naea/e
aeieoiaioia ia i?eoiae e ?anoiae iaoa?eaeia (o. ? 18) n oeacaieai
eiee/anoaa aeieoiaioia, eo iiia?ia e a?oii iaoa?eaeia, e eioi?ui iie
ioiinyony (ni. n. 139). Aooaaeoa? iaoa?eaeueiiai ioaeaea i?eieiaao io
iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiiai eeoea aeieoiaiou i?e ?aano?ao
iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia neeaaea, ouaoaeueii i?iaa?yao i?aaeeueiinoue
io?aaeaiey iniiaiuo ?aeaeceoia aeieoiaioia a ea?oi/eao neeaaeneiai o/aoa
(iiiaieeaoo?iue iiia?, eiee/anoai, inoaoie)i caaa?yao i?iaa?eo naiae
iiaeienueth, iinea /aai ea?oi/ea i?eia?aoaao neeo aooaaeoa?neiai
?aaeno?a.
?aaioiee aooaaeoa?ee aeieaeai oaeaea i?iaiaeeoue ia neeaaeao
eiio?ieueiua, auai?i/iua i?iaa?ee oaeoe/aneiai iaee/ey inoaoeia
iaoa?eaeia, iniaaiii aeaoeoeeoiuo e aei?iainoiyueo. I auyaeaiiuo
ia?ooaieyo a ?aaioa iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuo eeoe e ii ?acoeueoaoai
auai?i/iie i?iaa?ee caia/aiey aiinyony a niaoeeaeueiue aeo?iae neeaaea e
aeieeaaeuaathony aeaaiiio aooaaeoa?oi?aaei?eyoey.
Ii ninoiyieth ia ia?aia /enei eaaeaeiai ianyoea iaoa?eaeueii
ioaaonoaaiiia eeoei ia?aiineo eiee/anoaaiiua inoaoee ec ea?oi/ae a eieao
o/aoa inoaoeia iaoa?eaeia (aaaeiiinoue) o.? I-20.Yoa eieaa ioe?uaaaony
aooaaeoa?eae ia aiae ii eaaeaeiio neeaaeo. O?aieony iia a aooaaeoa?ee e
auaeaaony eeaaeiaueeo ca aeaiue aei ieii/aiey ianyoea, a
aoi?iai-o?aoueaai /enea neaaeothuaai ianyoea ii aica?auaao aa a
aooaaeoa?eth. A iaycaiiinoue iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiiai eeoea aoiaeeo
eiio?ieue ca niioaaonoaeai oaeoe/aneeo inoaoeia ii iiiaieeaoo?iui
iiia?ai, onoaiiaeaiiui ii?iai caiania (iaeneioi, ieieioi) e niiauaiea ia
ioeeiiaieyo ioaeaeo niaaaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey.
5. NEIOAOE*ANEEE O*AO IAOA?EAEIA
I?eaaaeaiiay ?aiaa eeanneoeeaoeey iaoa?eaeia ii eo iacia/aieth e
i?eiaiaieth a i?iecaiaenoaaiiii i?ioeanna aoaeao eniieueciaaia
aooaaeoa?eae i?aaei?eyoey aeey i?aaiecaoeee neioaoe/aneiai o/aoa.
Eaaeaeay a?oiia iaoa?eaeia o/eouaaaony ia niioaaonoaothuai n/aoa eee
noan/aoa. A ieaia n/aoia aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa n yoie oeaeueth
i?aaeoniio?aiu neaaeothuea n/aoa e noan/aoa.
Iaoa?eaeu, i?eiyoua ia ioaaonoaaiiia o?aiaiea e a ia?a?aaioeo,
o/eouaathony ca aaeainii ia n/aoa 002 Oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe,
i?eiyoua ia ioaaonoaaiiia o?aiaiea.
Aaeainiaua n/aoa iaoa?eaeia (05, Ia, 08, 12) - aeoeaiua, oa?aeoa?ecotho
ninoaa oicyenoaaiiuo n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoey.
O/ao iaoa?eaeia aaaeaony a aeaiaaeiii au?aaeaiee n iaycaoaeueiie
nenoaiaoe/aneie eiaaioa?ecaoeeae (i?iaa?eie) oaeoe/aneiai iaee/ey eo ii
ianoai o?aiaiey. Inoaoee oeaiiinoae e eo i?eoiae caienuaathony ii
aeaaaoo n/aoia, a ?anoiae, ioione - ii e?aaeeoo a noiiao oaeoe/aneie
naaanoieiinoe.
Iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe iinooiatho ia neeaae ia oieueei io iinoaaueeia,
ii e io iiaeio/aoiuo eeoe (oicyenoaaiiua e eaioeaey?neea oiaa?u), io
naieo e aniiiiaaoaeueiuo i?iecaiaenoa, ecaioiaeythueo aeey nianoaaiiuo
ioaeae eino?oiaiou, niaoeeaeueiua ooaiiu, i?eniiniaeaiey. E?iia oiai,
i?eoiaeothony ia neeaae eae iinooieaiey nyeiiiieaiiua oeaoaie nu?uea,
iaoa?eaeu, iooiaeu i?iecaiaenoaa, io a?aea i?iaeoeoeee, io eeeaeaeaoeee
iniiaiuo n?aaenoa e auauoey iaeioeaiiuo e auno?ieciaoeaathueony
i?aaeiaoia.
O/ao e eiio?ieue ca (?anoiaeiaaieai oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae -
iaeia ec aaaeiuo caaea/ aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa.
Ana ia?ae/iua aeieoiaiou ia ?anoiae e ioione iaoa?eaeia a?oiie?othony
aooaaeoa?eae a ?ac?aca neioaoe/aneeo n/aoia, noan/aoia, iano
eniieueciaaiey e iai?aaeaiey cao?ao. A oa/aiea io/aoiiaiianyoea eo
aeaeaeaiea o/eouaaaony ii o/aoiui oeaiai, a ii ieii/aiee ianyoea iinea
?an/aoa i?ioeaioia e noii o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia eee
ioeeiiaiee oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoeio ieaiiauo oeai yoa noieiinoue
aeiaiaeeony aei oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe. Oaeei ia?acii, aeaiiua,
ia?acothuea oaeoe/aneoth naaanoieiinoue iinooieaoeo iaoa?eaeia, a
aooaaeoa?neii o/aoaio?aaeathony a ?aciuo aeo?iaeao-i?aea?ao (? 1, 3, 6,
7, 10/1,13), a noiie?othony a Aeaaiie eieaa. Oaeoe/aneoth naaanoieiinoue
ec?anoiaeiaaiiuo e ioiouaiiuo ia noi?iio iaoa?eaeia caienuaatho
aaeo?iaeao-i?aea?ao ? 10 e 10/1 e a Aeaaiie eieaa.
6. O*AO IINOOIEAIEss IAOA?EAEIAE ?AN*AOIA N IINOAAUEEAIE
I?iecaiaenoaaiiua caianu iaoa?eaeia iiiieiythony i?iiuoeaiiuie
i?aaei?eyoeyie ca n/ao i?aaei?eyoee-iinoaaueeia eee
niaaaeai/anei-nauoiauo i?aaiecaoeee. Oiiaeu ia iaoa?eaeu i?aae-i?eyoey
iieo/atho io oi?aaeaiee iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai niaaaeaiey eee
io?aneaauo oi?aaeaiee. Oicyenoaaiiua ioiioaiey iaaeaeo i?aaei?eyoeyie
iino?iaiu ia iniiaa aeiaiai?ia. A ieo i?aaeoniao?eaathony: iaeiaiiaaiea
iaoa?eaeia *oeaiiinoae), eiee/anoai, oeaiu, n?iee iinoaaee, ii?yaeie
?an/aoia, niiniau o?ainii?oe?iaee, naieoeee ca ianiaethaeaiea oneiaee
aeiaiai?a, ii?yaeiei?eaiee e o. i. Aeiaiai?iua ioiioaiey aieaa iieii
iaania/eaatho iio?aaiinoue i?aaei?eyoee a iaoa?eaeao aeieaeiiai ea/anoaa
e a niioaaonoaee n onoaiiaeaiiuie n?ieaie. I?aaei?eyoey-iinoaaueee ia
ioa?oaeaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth auienuaatho ieaoaaeiua o?aaiaaiey e
n/aoa-oaeoo?u, ia?aaeatho eo aaieo aeey iieaou e ia?anueatho ii/oie
iieoiaoaeth. Iia?aoeaiue o/ao auiieiaiey aeiaiai?iuo iaycaoaeuenoa ia
i?aaei?eyoeyo inouanoaeyao ioaeae niaaaeaiey, iiyoiio ieaoaaeiua
o?aaiaaiey e n/aoa-oaeoo?u a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iinooiatho a ioaeae
niaaaeaiey eee a oeiainiaue ioaeae. Oai i?iaa?ytho niioaaonoaea eo
aeiaiai?ai, ?aaeno?e?otho a aeo?iaea o/aoa iinooiathueo a?ocia (o. ?
I-1), aeaeatho ioiaoeo a eieaa ?aaeecaoeee oiiaeia e aeoeaiootho, o. a.
aeatho niaeanea ia iieaoo.
N/ao ca?aaeno?e?iaai e iiaeeaaeeo iieaoa a noiia... ?oa... eie.
Iaoa?eaeuaeinoaaeoue e i?iecaanoe oaoie/aneoth i?eaieo. Neeaae ?...
aeaoa... Ia/. ioaeaeaniaaaeaiey.. .>.
Iinea ?aaeno?aoeee ieaoaaeiia o?aaiaaiea iieo/aao aioo?aiiee iiia?
(?aaeno?aoeeiiiue) e ia?aaeaaony a aooaaeoa?eth i?aaei?eyoey aeey
iieaou, a eaeoaioeey e oiaa?ii-o?ainii?oiay iaeeaaeiay ia?aaeathony a
yeniaaeeoeeiiiue ioaeae aeey iieo/aiey e aeinoaaee a?oca.
N yoiai iiiaioa o aooaaeoa?ee i?aaei?eyoey aicieeatho ?an/aou n
iinoaaueeaie. Ii ia?a iinooieaiey a?oca ia neeaae auienuaaaony
i?eoiaeiue i?aea?, caoai i?e ?aano?a naeaaony a aooaaeoa?eth, aaea
oaene?oaony e i?eeeaaeuaaaony e ieaoaaeiiio o?aaiaaieth. Ii ia?a iieaou
aaieii yoiai aeieoiaioa aooaaeoa?ey iieo/aao auieneo ec ?an/aoiiai n/aoa
i nienaiee aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoaa iieueco i?aaei?eyoey-iinoaaueea.
O/ao ?an/aoia n iinoaaueeaie oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae e oneoa
i?aaiecoaony ia n/aoa 60 ?an/aou n iinoaaueeaie e iiae?yae/eeaie. N/ao
ii ioiioaieth e aaeaino - ianneaiue; naeueaei e?aaeeoiaia
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i noiiao caaeieaeaiiinoe i?aaei?eyoey ia?aae
iinoaaueeaie e iiae?yae/eeaie ii iaiiea/aiiui n/aoai e iaiooaeoo?iaaiiui
iinoaaeai; iai?io ii aeaaaoo - inoiiao iieao, nienaiee e ca/aoia ca
io/aoiue ianyoe; iai?io ii e?aaeeoo - i noiiao ii i?eiyoui e iieaoa
aeoeaioiaaiiui ieaoaaeiui aeieoiaioai e iaiooaeoo?iaaiiui iinoaaeai ca
io/aoiueianyoe.
Aaaeaony o/ao ?an/aoia n iinoaaueeaie a aeo?iaea-i?aea?a ? 6. Yoi
eiiaeie?iaaiiue ?aaeno?, aiaeeoe/aneee o/ao a eioi?ii i?aaiecoaony a
?ac?aca eaaeaeiai ieaoaaeiiai aeieoiaioa, i?eoiaeiiai i?aea?a eee
i?eaiiiai aeoa. Ioe?uaaaony yoio aeo?iae-i?aea? noiiaie iacaeii/aiiuo
?an/aoia n iinoaaueeaie ia ia/aei ianyoea:
ii aeoeaioiaaiiui ieaoaaeiui aeieoiaioai, n?ie iieaou eioi?uo ia
ianooiee, eee i?in?i/aiiui - iaoa?eaeu iinooieee(naeueaei ia ia/aei
ianyoea ii n/aoo 60);
ii aeoeaioiaaiiui ieaoaaeiui aeieoiaioai iiea/aiiui - iaoa?eaeu ia
iinooieee (ni?aai/ii Ca iai?eauaoee a?oc, naeueaei iao);
ii aeoeaioiaaiiui ieaoaaeiui aeieoiaioai iaiiea/aiiui iaoa?eaeu ia
iinooieee (ni?aai/ii Ca iai?eauaoee a?oc e naeueaei ia ia/aei ianyoea);
naeueaei ia ia/aei ianyoea ii iaiooaeoo?iaaiiui iinoaaeai (iaoa?eaeu
iinooieee, a ieaoaaeiua aeieoiaiou aeey iieaou eo ia iinooieee).
A oa/aiea io/aoiiai ianyoea aooaaeoa?ey i?aaei?eyoey iieo/aao ieaoaaeiua
o?aaiaaiey iinoaaueeia, aeoeaioiaaiiua ioaeaeii niaaaeaiey, i?eieiaao
i?eoiaeiua i?aea?a e i?eaiuua aeou neeaaeia, iieo/aao auienee ec
?an/aoiiai e i?i/eo n/aoia i?aaei?eyoey. Yoi iicaieyao caeeth/eoue
?an/aou, caeii/eoue eo aaeaeo auiieiaiey eaaeaeie noi?iiie naieo
iaycaoaeuenoa.
AEo?iae-i?aea? ? 6 aaaeaony eeiaeii-iiceoeeiiiui niiniaii, /oi aeaao
aiciiaeiinoue noaeeoue i ninoiyiee ?an/aoia n iinoaaueeaie ii eaaeaeiio
aeieoiaioo. E?iia ni?aai/iuo aeaiiuo (iiia?n/aoa, ?aaeno?aoeeiiiue
iiia?, iaeiaiiaaiea iinoaaueea), a aeo?iaea-i?aea?a ? 6 caienuaaaony
iiia? i?eoiaeiiai aeieoiaioa neeaaea, noieiinoue iinooieaoeo iaoa?eaeia
ii o/aoiui oeaiai i?aae-i?eyoey e noieiinoue ii ieaoaaeiiio aeieoiaioo
iinoaaueea. Noiiu ii o/aoiui oeaiai caienuaathony iacaaeneii io aeaea
iinooieaoeo oeaiiinoae iauae noiiie, a noiiu ii ieaoaaeiui o?aaiaaieyi
iinoaaueeia - a ?acaeaea ii a?oiiai iinooieaoeo iaoa?eaeia (iniiaiua,
aniiiiaaoaeueiua, iieooaa?eeaou, oiieeai e o. i.). Noiia i?aoaicee
caienuaaaony ia iniiaaiee aeoia. Ii auieneai aaiea i?iecaiaeeony ioiaoea
ia iieaoa eaaeaeiai ieaoaaeiiai aeieoiaioa.
Ii?yaeie o/aoa iaiooaeoo?iaaiiuo iinoaaie. Iaiooaeoo?iaaiiuie n/eoathony
iinoaaee, ii eioi?ui iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe iinooieee ia i?aaei?eyoea
aac ieaoaaeiiai aeieoiaioa. Ia neeaaea i?eoiaeotho eo, auienuaay
i?eaiiue aeo, eioi?ue i?e ?aano?a iinooiaao a aooaaeoa?eth. Caeanue
iaoa?eaeu ii aeoo ?anoeaieaathony ii o/aoiui oeaiai, caienuaathony a
aeo?iae-i?aea? ? 6 eae oeaiiinoe, iinooieaoea ia neeaae, a yoie aea
noiia ioiinyony ia a?oiio iaoa?eaeia e a aeoeaio. Iaiooaeoo?iaaiiua
iinoaaee ?aaeno?e?othony a aeo?iaea-i?aea?a ? 6 a eiioea ianyoea (a
a?aoa A Iiia? n/aoa noaaeony aoeaa I), eiaaea aiciiaeiinoue iieo/aiey
ieaoaaeiiai aeieoiaioa ioiaea. Iieaoa a io/aoiii ianyoea iie ia
iiaeeaaeao, oae eae iniiaaieai aeey iieaou aaieii yaeythony
ieaoaaeiuaaeieoiaiou (eioi?ua ionoonoaotho). Ii ia?a iinooieaiey
ieaoaaeiuo o?aaiaaiee ia yoo iinoaaeo a neaaeothuai ianyoea iie
aeoeaioothony i?aaei?eyoeai, iiea/eaathony aaieii e
?aaeno?e?othonyaooaaeoa?eae a aeo?iaea-i?aea?a ? 6 a naiaiaeiie no?iea
ii a?oiia iaoa?eaeia e a a?aoa aeoeaio a noiia ieaoaaeiiai o?aaiaaiey, a
ii no?iea naeueaei (iacaeii/aiiuo ?an/aoia) ?aiaa caienaiiay noiia ii
o/aoiui oeaiai noi?ie?oaony oiaea ii a?oiia e a a?aoa aeoeaio. ?an/aou n
iinoaaueeii oaeei ia?acii ii yoie iinoaaea aoaeoo caeii/aiu.
Ii?yaeie o/aoa iaoa?eaeia a iooe. Iaoa?eaeaie a iooe iacuaathony oaeea
iinoaaee, ii eioi?ui i?aaei?eyoea aeoeaioiaaei ieaoaaeiua aeieoiaiou, a
iaoa?eaeu ia neeaae ii iei aua ia iinooieee. E o/aoo i?eieiathony
aeoeaioiaaiiua ieaoaaeiua aeieoiaiou iacaaeneii io oiai, iiea/aiu iie
aaieii eee ia iiea/aiu.
A aeo?iaea-i?aea?a ? 6 ieaoaaeiua aeieoiaiou ?aaeno?e?othony a oa/aiea
ianyoea a a?aoa Ca iai?eauaoee a?oc e a a?aoa aeoeaio. Ii ieii/aiee
ianyoea i?aaei?eyoea iaycaii i?eiyoue yoeoeaiiinoe ia aaeain, o. a.
caienaoue ii i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe e a?oiia iaoa?eaeia (oneiaii
ii?eoiaeiaaoue), ii ia ia/aei neaaeothuaai ianyoea ?an/aou ii yoei
iinoaaeai ia aoaeoo caeii/aiu. I?e iinooieaiee oeaiiinoae aooaaeoa?ey
iieo/eo i?eoiaeiua i?aea?aneeaaeia, ii?eoiaeoao eo ia neeaae e ia a?oiio
(aac aeoeaioa, oae eae ii oaea aue aeai a iiiaio iinooieaiey ieaoaaeiuo
o?aaiaaiee, a, iiaeao auoue, yoe n/aoa oaea e iiea/aiu) ii no?iea
?aaeno?aoeee yoiai n/aoa a ia caeii/aiiuo ia ia/aei ianyoea ?an/aoao.
I?e cae?uoee aeo?iaea - i?aea?a ? 6, ii ieii/aiee ianyoea, yoa iinoaaea
ii a?oiia iaoa?eaeia aoaeao noi?ie?iaaia eae ii?eoiaeiaaiiay aeaaaeaeu
Iie ?an/aoao n iinoaaueeaie ca iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe iiaoo auoue
auyaeaiu iaaeinoa/e eee eceeoee oaeoe/anee iinooieaoaai eiee/anoaa ii
n?aaiaieth n aeieoiaioaie iinoaaueea, eioi?ua ioi?ieythony aeoii (o. ?
I-7). Eceeoee i?eoiaeothony ii aeoo e ?anoeaieaathony ii o/aoiui oeaiai
i?aaei?eyoey eee ii iioiaui (ioioneiui oeaiai), caoai o/eouaathony a
aeo?iaea-i?aea?a? 6 ioaeaeueiie no?ieie eae iaiooaeoo?iaaiiay iinoaaea
ioaeae niaaaeaiey niiauaao iinoaaueeo ia eceeoeao e i?ineo aunoaaeoue
ieaoaaeiia o?aaiaaiea. A neo/aa auyaeaiey iaaeinoa/
aooaaeoa?ey?ann/eouaaao eo oaeoe/aneoth naaanoieiinoue e i?aaeuyaeyao
i?aoaiceth e iinoaaueeo. Noiia aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai oa?eoa i?e yoii
?ani?aaeaeyaony i?iii?oeeiiaeueii ianna a?oca, a noiiu iaoeaiie, neeaeie
- i?iii?oeeiiaeueii noieiinoe a?oca.
Noiia iaaeinoa/ ioiineony a aeaaao n/aoa 63 ?an/aou n i?aoaiceyie e a
e?aaeeo n/aoa 60 ?an/aou n iinoaaueeaie e io?aaeaaony a aeo?iaea
i?aea?a ?6 e aaaeiiinoe ?7. A aeaiiii aeo?iaea i?aea?a io?aaeaiu
iia?aoeee ?an/aoia n iinoaaueeaie, naycaiiua oieueei n i?eia?aoaieai
oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae. E?iia oiai, i?aaei?eyoey iieuecothony
oneoaaie iinoaaueeia aiaeu, aaca, naeaoiai aicaeooa, iiae?yae/eeia
?aiiioiuo ?aaio e o. i. Iiyoiio aaaeaony ioaeaeueiue aeo?iae-i?aea? ?6
ii ?an/aoai n iinoaaueeaie e iiae?yae/eeaie ca oneoae (ni. a
iineaaeothueo oaiao). Ii ieii/aiee ianyoea iieacaoaee yoiai aeo?iaea -
i?aei?a ia?aiinyony a aeo?iae-i?aea? ? 6 ?an/aoia n iinoaaueeaie ca
iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe ioaeaeueiie a?aoie aeey iieo/aiey iai?ioia e
ia?aiina eo a Aeaaioth eieao.
7. O*AO AeAEAEAIEss IAOA?EAEIA A AOOAAEOA?EE
Aooaaeoa?ey i?aaei?eyoey inouanoaeyao oieueei aeaiaaeiue, noiiiaie o/ao
aeaeaeaiey oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, eniieuecoy aeey yoiai
aaaeiiinoue ? 10 Aeaeaeaiea iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae(a aeaiaaeiii
au?aaeaiee). Yoi iniiaiie ?aaeno?, io?aaeathuee aeaeaeaiea
oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae a a?oiie?iaeao, iaania/eaathuee:
eiio?ieue ca nio?aiiinoueth iaoa?eaeia ii ianoai eo o?aiaiey - 1
?acaeae; iinooieaiea e inoaoee iaoa?eaeia a ?ac?aca neioaoe/aneeo n/aoia
e a?oii iaoa?eaeia - ii o/aoiui oeaiai e ii oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe;
iieacaoaee aeey ?an/aoa noii e i?ioeaioia o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiuo
?anoiaeia eee ioeeiiaiee oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe io ieaiiauo oeai ii
a?oiiai iaoa?eaeia - 2 ?acaeae; ?an/ao oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe
ieii/aoaeueiiai ?anoiaea iaoa?eaeia, ioione ni neeaaeia, ?anoiae oeaoia,
inoaoee oeaiiinoae a oeaoao, ia iauacaaiaeneeo neeaaeao ii oaeoe/aneie e
o/aoiie noieiinoe - III ?acaeae.
Iniiaaieai aeey caiieiaiey aaaeiiinoe ? 10 neoaeao ?aano?u neeaaeia eee
iaeiieoaeueiua aaaeiiinoe ? I-43. A aaaeiiinoe ? 10 i?eaiaeyony aeaa
ni?aaee: ? 1 Neaaaaiua oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe iinooieaoeo
iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, caiieiyaony ii iieacaoaeyi aeo?iaeia-i?aea?ia
? 1, 6, 7, 8, 10/1, 13 e ae?oaeo, o. a. anao oao, aaea iiaoo auoue
io?aaeaiu cao?aou, naycaiiua n i?ioeannii caaioiaeaiey iaoa?eaeia
oaeouaai ianyoea. Aeaiiua yoie ni?aaee iaiaoiaeeiu aeeycaiieiaiey 11
?acaeaea aaaeiiinoe ? 10.
? 2 Noieiinoue iinooieaoeo iaoa?eaeia ii o/aoiui oeaiai, caiieiyaony
aiaeiae/iuie iieacaoaeyie oao aea aeo?iaeia-i?aea?ia, /oi e ni?aaea ? 1,
ii aac o/aoa ?anoiaeia, naycaiiuo n caaioiaeaieai iaoa?eaeia. Aeaiiua
yoie ni?aaee neoaeao aeey naa?ee n ?acaeaeii 1 aaaeiiinoe ? 10 e aeey
?an/aoa ?acoeueoaoia i?ioeanna caaioiaeaiey eee noii
o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia caio/aoiue ianyoe.
Oaeei ia?acii, aaaeiiinoue ? 10 Aeaeaeaiea oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo
oeaiiinoae iaania/eaaao ?aoaiea aieueoeinoaa caaea/, noiyueo ia?aae
aooaaeoa?neei o/aoii iaoa?eaeia, ii iaycaoaeueiuiaeiiieiaieai e
aaaeiiinoe ? 10 yaeyaony aaaeiiinoue .? 11 Aeaeaeaiea iaoa?eaeueiuo
oeaiiinoae (ii o/aoiui oeaiai) ii oeaoiaui naiinoiyoaeueiui neeaaeai eee
ii oeaoai ia i?iecaiaenoaa, ia eiathuei neeaaeia.
Aaaeiiinoue ? E caiieiyaony a aooaaeoa?ee i?aaei?eyoey ia iniiaa
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo io/aoia oeaoia, iaeeaaeiuo ia aica?ao iaoa?eaeia,
iaeiieoaeueiuo e a?oiie?iai/iuo aaaeiiinoae ii aeaeaeaieth iaeioeaiiuo e
auno?ieciaoeaathueony i?aaeiaoia e i?i/eo aeieoiaioia, iicaieythueo
ii?aaeaeeoue iauai iieo/aiiuo e aica?auaiiuo oeaiiinoae ?aciiai aeaea
eaaeaeui oeaoii, a oaeaea inoaaoeony a oeaoao e ec?anoiaeiaaiiuo.
Iieacaoaee aaaeiiinoe ? 11 io?aaeathony a ?acaeaea III aaaeiiinoe ? 10
*?anoiae oeaoiauo naiinoiyoaeueiuo eeaaeiauo e inoaoee a oeaoao, ia
eiathueo naiinoiyoaeueiuo neeaaeia).
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ii ia?aiio ?acaeaeo aaaeiiinoe EA? 10 iiaeii
i?iecaiaeeoue acaeiinaa?eo aeaiiuo neeaaeneiai e aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa ii
eaaeaeiio neeaaeo a ioaeaeueiinoe, aac ?acaeaee ia a?oiiuiaoa?eaeia, ii
o/aoiui oeaiai, /oi iaiaoiaeeii i?e iia?aoeaii aooaaeoa?neii
(naeueaeiaii) iaoiaea o/aoa iaoa?eaeia.
Ii aoi?iio ?acaeaeo aaaeiiinoe iiaeii auyaeyoue iauee iauai oeaiiinoae a
?ac?aca a?oii iaoa?eaeia e aaeainiauo noaoae a aeaoo ioeaieao - ii
o/aoiui oeaiai e oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe,/oi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue
?ann/eoaoue noiiu e i?ioeaiou o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia eee
ioeeiiaiee io ieaiiauo oeai.
A o?aoueai ?acaeaea auyaeythony aaaeiaeoea iieacaoaee aooaaeoa?neiai
o/aoa -oaeoe/aneay naaanoieiinoue ec?anoiaeiaaiiuo ia i?iecaiaenoai
iaoa?eaeia, eo ieii/aoaeueiue ?anoiae e eo inoaoee ia eiiaoe ianyoea ii
a?oiiai iaoa?eaeia - aeey caiieiaiey noaoae aaeaina.
8. O*AO O?AINII?OII-CAAIOIAEOAEUeIUO ?ANOIAeIA
O?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiua ?anoiaeu aoiaeyo a ninoaa oaeoe/aneie
naaanoieiinoe iaoa?eaeia. E iei ioiinyony ana ?anoiaeu ia i?eia?aoaiea
iaoa?eaeia, e?ai* eo iioiaie noieiinoe. Yoe ?anoiaeu o/eouaathony ii
aeaeai (a?oiiai) iaoa?eaeia ia oao aea n/aoao e noan/aoao. Aaeaiany/ii
aooaaeoa?ey i?aaei?eyoey ?ann/eouaaao aeieth, o. a. noiio e i?ioeaio
o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia ei anaio iauaio oeaiiinoae
aeaiiie a?oiiu, eioi?uie ?aniieaaaei i?aaei?eyoea. Yoi iaiaoiaeeii aeey
?an/aoa noii o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia, iiaeeaaeaueo e
nienaieth ia ec?anoiaeiaaiiua a io/aoiii ianyoea iaoa?eaeu. Iniiaaieai
aeey ?an/aoia neoaeao aeaiiua aaaeiiinoe ? 10 (2-3 ?acaeaeu).
Noiiu o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia ia auauaoea,
ec?anoiaeiaaiiua oeaiiinoe nienuaathony ia oa aea n/aoa, /oi e iaoa?eaeu
ii iioiaui oeaiai (ae. VII). A oaeii aea ii?yaeea i?iecaiaeyony ?an/ao e
o/ao aeiee ioeeiiaiee oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe io ieaiiaie n oie eeoue
?acieoeae, /oi iiaoo auoue ioeeiiaiey (ia?a?anoiae (+) e yeiiiiey (-)).
Ia?a?anoiae oae aea,eae e o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiua ?anoiaeu,
oaaee/eaaao ieaiiaoth naaanoieiinoue, a yeiiiiey - oiaiueoaao aa.
Yeiiiiey caienuaaaony n ieionii eee e?aniui noi?ii.
I?eaaaeai i?eia? ?an/aoa noii e i?ioeaioa o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiuo
?anoiaeia ii noaieicaaiaeo ca aeaeaa?ue 198 a.
9. EIAAIOA?ECAOeEss IAOA?EAEIA
Iieiaeaiea i aooaaeoa?neeo io/aoao e aaeainao iaycuaaao i?iiuoeaiiua
i?aaei?eyoey i?iaiaeeoue eiaaioa?ecaoeeth oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo
oeaiiinoae:
ia iaiaa iaeiiai ?aca a aiae ii ninoiyieth ia 1 ieoya?y io/aoiiai aiaea
(ii ia ?aiaa) n oeaeueth iauaeoeaiiai io?aaeaiey ninoiyiey yoeo n?aaenoa
a aiaeiaii io/aoa;
i?e niaia iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuo eeoe e i?e noeoeeiuo aaaenoaeyo;a
neo/aa ?anoiaeaeaiee iaaeaeo aeaiiuie aooaaeoa?neiai' e neeaaeneiai
o/aoa.
Iniiaiay oeaeue eiaaioa?ecaoeee - auyaeaiea oaeoe/aneiai iaee/ey
oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae a iaoo?aeueiii e noieiinoiii
au?aaeaiee. A i?ioeanna eiaaioa?ecaoeee i?iaa?ythony:
nio?aiiinoue oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae;
i?aaeeueiinoue eo o?aiaiey, ioionea, ninoiyiea aaniaiai e
ecia?eoaeueiiai eino?oiaioa;
ii?yaeie aaaeaiey o/aoa aeaeaeaiey oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae.
Ii iauaio i?iaa?ee eiaaioa?ecaoeee aeaeyony ia nieioiua e auai?i/iua, a
ii a?aiaie - ia ieaiiaua e aiacaiiua. I?aaiecoao e ?oeiaiaeeo
i?iaaaeaieai eiaaioa?ecaoeee ?oeiaiaeeoaeue (aee?aeoi?) i?aaei?eyoey,
eee aai caianoeoaeue, eee aeaaiue aooaaeoa?. ?aaioo ii i?iaaaeaieth
eiaaioa?ecaoeee inouanoaeyao eiienney, ninoiyuay ec eiiiaoaioiuo eeoe,
iacia/aaiay i?eeacii ?oeiaiaeeoaey i?aaei?eyoey.
Aooaaeoa?ey e iiiaioo i?iaaaeaiey eiaaioa?ecaoeee ninoaaeyao
eiaaioa?ecaoeeiiioth iienue oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae ii neeaaeai
(o. ? iea-3). Neeaaeneea iia?aoeee a yoio ia?eiae iai?iecaiaeyony;
caaaaeothuee neeaaeii a aeaiiie iiene aeaao ?anieneo a oii, /oi ana
aeieoiaiou neeaaea caienaiu a ea?oi/ee neeaaeneiai o/aoa iaoa?eaeia e
naeaiu a aooaaeoa?eth i?aaei?eyoey.
Aeey auyaeaiey ?acoeueoaoia eiaaioa?ecaoeee iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny
eieaa inoaoeia iaoa?eaeia, a eioi?ie i?aaeoniio?aiu niaoeeaeueiua
eieiiee aeey caiene inoaoeia iaoa?eaeia a iaoo?a iiaeaiiui
eiaaioa?ecaoeeiiiuo iienae.
Ai anao neo/ayo ?anoiaeaeaiey, auyaeaiiua a ?acoeueoaoa eiaaioa?ecaoeee
(eceeoee eee iaaeinoa/e), ioi?ieythony ninoaaeaieai nee/eoaeueiuo
aaaeiiinoae e ioeaieaathony ii oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe. Oeaiiinoe,
ieacaaoeany a eceeoea, iiaeeaaeao ii?eoiaeiaaieth n oiaiueoaieai
iauacaaiaeneeo ?anoiaeia (aeaaao n/aoia 05, 06, 08, 12, e?aaeeo n/aoa
26). Iaaeinoa/a oeaiiinoae nienuaaaony ia n/ao 84 Iaaeinoa/e e iioa?e io
ii?/e oeaiiinoae n oiaiueoaieai noieiinoe e eiee/anoaa eo ii n/aoai
iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae.
Ii ?aoaieth ?oeiaiaeeoaey i?aaei?eyoey noiia iaaeinoa/e a i?aaeaeao ii?i
anoanoaaiiie oauee ioiineony ia ecaea?aeee I?iecaiaenoaa: aeaaao n/aoia
25 Iauai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu e 26 Iauaoicyenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu,
e?aaeeo n/aoa 84 Iaaeinoa/e e iioa?e io oi?/e oeaiiinoae. Iaaeinoa/e
naa?o ii?i anoanoaaiiie oauee ioiinyony ia iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuo
eeoe: aeaaao n/aoa 72 ?an/aou ii aiciauaieth iaoa?eaeueiiai oua?aa,
e?aaeeo n/aoa 84 Iaaeinoa/e e iioa?e io ii?/e oeaiiinoae.
Iioa?e iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae io noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee ioiinyony ia
?acoeueoaou oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey: aeaaao n/aoa 80
I?eauee e oauoee, e?aaeeo n/aoia 05, 06, 08, 12.A neo/aa acuneaiey
noieiinoe iaaeinoa/ oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae n iaoa?eaeueii
ioaaonoaaiiuo eeoe ii ?icie/iui oeaiai ?acieoea iaaeaeo eo oaeoe/aneie
naaanoieiinoueth e ?icie/iie oeaiie iiaeeaaeeo ia?a/eneaieth a
athaeaeao, ii aei acuneaiey n aeiiaiiai eeoea oeacaiiay ?acieoea
o/eouaaaony ia n/aoa 83 Aeioiaeu aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia. Iai?eia?, noiia
iaaeinoa/ ii oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe - 100 ?oa., ii ?icie/iie - 150
?oa.
?acoeueoaou eiaaioa?ecaoeee aeieaeiu auoue io?aaeaiu a o/aoa a oa/aiea
aeanyoe aeiae iinea ieii/aiey eiaaioa?ecaoeee.
Ia i?aaei?eyoeyo, ia?aaaaeaiiuo ia iieiue oicyenoaaiiue ?an/ao e
naiioeiaine?iaaiea, iaaeinoa/a naa?o ii?i oauee e iioa?e io ii?/e
oeaiiinoae, eiaaea eiie?aoiua aeiiaieee ia onoaiiaeaiu, iiaoo auoue
nienaiu naieie i?aaei?eyoeyie n aiciauaieai ca n/ao oic?an/aoiiai
aeioiaea eieeaeoeaa (i?eauee).
10. INIAAIIINOE O*AOA IAOA?EAEIA
E ?AN*AOIA N IINOAAUEEAIE A ONEIAEssO AAOIIAOECAOeEE
I?e iaee/ee AO a iaycaiiinoe ?aaioieeia aooaaeoa?ee aoiaeyo i?iaa?ea e
eiaee?iaaiea aeieoiaioia, eo eiiieaeoiaea a ia/ee aeey naea/e ia
ia?aaioeo. Aeey iaania/aiey aaoiiaoecaoeee o/aoa iaoa?eaeueiuo
oeaiiinoae i?eiaiythony eiaeu: neioaoe/aneeo n/aoia e noan/aoia;
iiiaieeaoo?iuo iiia?ia iaoa?eaeia; aaeeieoe ecia?aiey; eeoeaauo n/aoia
i?aaiecaoeee-iinoaaueeia; no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee i?aaei?eyoey;
aeaeia iia?aoeee ii aeaeaeaieth iaoa?eaeia; i?e/ei e aeiiaieeia
ioeeiiaiee; aeaeia iia?aoeee ii ?an/aoai n iinoaaueeaie.
Eiaeu neioaoe/aneeo n/aoia e noan/aoia iino?iaiu ia iniiaa Ieaia n/aoia
aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa. Eiaeu iaoa?eaeia no?iyony ii aeaiiui
iiiaieeaoo?iuo iiia?ia n aeiiieiaieai eiaeia neioaoe/aneiai n/aoa e
noan/aoa. Iai?eia?, noaeue eenoiaay, ia?oaiianeay, oieueiie 6 ii, aoaeao
eiaoue neaaeothuee eiae-05-1-103012.
Aaeeieoeu ecia?aiey eiatho neaaeothuea eiaeu: oiiia - 1, eeeia?aii - 2,
a?aii - 3, iao? iiaiiiue - 4, iao? eaaae?aoiue - 5,iao? eoae/aneee - 6,
oooea, ?oeii, eiiieaeo, ia?a-7.
Eiaeu eeoeaauo n/aoia i?aaiecaoeee-iinoaaueeia iaicia/athony /aou?ueiy
ciaeaie: ia?aua aeaa ciaea - ii?yaeeiaue iiia? ii aeoaaeoo ia?aie aoeau
a iaeiaiiaaiee iinoaaueea; iineaaeothueaaeaa ciaea - ii?yaeeiaue iiia?
iinoaaueea ii aeiaiai?o.
Eiaeu aeaeia iia?aoeee ii aeaeaeaieth iaoa?eaeia ninoiyo ec aeaoo
ciaeia: ia?aue icia/aao aeae iia?aoeee (inoaoie, i?eoiae, ?anoiae,
noi?ii), aoi?ie ciae-?aciiaeaeiinoue yoeo iia?aoeee (inoaoie eieaeiue,
inoaoie oaeoe/aneee, iinooieaiea ni noi?iiu, iinooieaiea a ii?yaeea
ia?aiauaiey e o. ae.).
Eiaeu no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee ninoiyo ec aeaoo ciae
onoaiaaeeaathony i?aaei?eyoeai niioaaonoaaiii i?aaiecaoeeiiiie
no?oeoo?a.
Eieu i?e/ei e aeiiaieeia ioeeiiaiee aiaeiae/iu eiaeai i?e o/aoa o?oaea e
ca?aaioiie ieaou.
Eiae aeaeia iia?aoeee ii ?an/aoai n iinoaaueeaie e iiae?yae/eeaie -
oanoecia/iue: ia?aua aeaa ciaea - eiae neioaoe/aneiai n/aoa (60), o?aoee
- aeae ?an/aoia (1-ii aeoeaioiaaiiui n/aoai, 2-ii iaiooaeoo?iaaiiui
iinoaaeai, C - ca iaoa?eaeu a iooe, 4-ca oneoae). Iineaaeiea o?e ciaea
niioaaonoaotho ?aaeno?aoeeiiiiio iiia?o n/aoa.
Ia ia?aie noaaeee ?aaiou aooaaeoa? i?iaa?yao i?aaeeueiinoue ioi?ieaiey
aeieoiaioia e caiieiyao eiaeu (aeae iia?aoeee, ei??aniiiaee?othuee n/ao,
noan/ao, ?aaeno?aoeeiiiue iiia? n/aoa),ia ieaoaaeiuo o?aaiaaieyo
i?inoaaeyao aeaoo e eiae ei??aniiiaee?othuaai n/aoa ia iieaoo (51, 55,
90 e ae?.) e caoai e i?eoiaeiui i?aea?ai e i?eaiiui aeoai neeaaeia
iiaeae?aao ieaoaaeiua o?aaiaaiey, a eioi?uo i?inoaaeyao ?aaeno?aoeeiiiue
iiia? n/aoa. Iinea yoiai aeieoiaiou eiiieaeootho a ia/ee ii neeaaeai e
eiaeai iia?aoeee (ia aieaa 100-150 aeieoiaioino?ie a eaaeaeie ia/ea). Ia
eaaeaeoth ia/eo aeieoiaioia auienuaatho nii?iaiaeeoaeueiue y?eue
onoaiiaeaiiie oi?iu n oeacaieai iinoiyiiuo aeey aeaiiie ia/ee i?eciaeia
e eiee/anoaa aeieoiaioia. Iiaeia?aiiua a ia/ee aeieoiaiou ?aaeno?e?otho
a eieaa.
A ?acoeueoaoa ia?aaioee ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioia ia AO aooaaeoa?ey
iieo/aao iaoeiia?aiiu: naeueaeiai - nee/eoaeueioth aaaeiiinoue,
aaaeiiinoue aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa ii neioaoe/aneei n/aoaiiaoa?eaeia,
aaaeiiinoue ?anoiaea iaoa?eaea ii iai?aaeaieth cao?ao, iai?ioioth
aaaeiiinoue ii neeaaeai, io/ao i aeaeaeaiee iaoa?eaeia (o. ? 1-ni),
iai?ioioth aaaeiiinoue ?an/aoia n iinoaaueeaie, aaaeiiinoue auyaeaiey e
?ani?aaeaeaiey' o?ainii?oii-caaioiaeoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia, aaaeiiinoue
eoiaia i?eoiaea iaoa?eaeia e ae?.
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