Реферат: Аргентина (RTF)
16
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Ainoaea?noaaiiue oeaa
A?aaioeiu
1.Aeceoiay ea?oi/ea
Ieiuaaeue: 2.800.000 ea. ei
*eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey: 34.600.000 /aeiaae
Noieeoea: Aoyiin-Ae?an
Aaeieieno?aoeaiia ono?ienoai: oaaea?aoeaiay ?anioaeeea
Aeaiaaeiay aaeeieoea: aono?aeue
Ainoaea?noaaiiue ycue: eniaineee
Ainiiaenoaothuay ?aeeaey: eaoieeoeeci
2.Aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea
A?aaioeia ?aniieiaeaia a thai-ainoi/iie /anoe iaoa?eea THaeiay Aia?eea.
A ninoaa oa??eoi?ee, e?iia iaoa?eeiaie /anoe aoiaeeo ainoi/iay /anoue
ino?iaa Iaiaiiay Caiey e ae?oaea iaaieueoea ino?iaa. Oieeeaiaeaineea
(Iaeueaeineea) ino?iaa a Aoeaioe/aneii ieaaia yaeythony nii?iie
oa??eoi?eae iaaeaeo A?aaioeiie e Aaeeeia?eoaieae.
Ia ainoiea no?aia eiaao oe?ieee auoiae e Aoeaioe/aneiio ieaaio. Aa?aaa
ec?acaiu iaei, eeoue ynooa?ee Ea-Ieaou a?acaaony a nooo ia 320
eeeiiao?ia. A?aie/eo A?aaioeia ia caiaaea n *eee, ia naaa?a n Aieeaeae e
Ia?aaaaai, ia naaa?i-ainoiea - n A?aceeeae e O?oaaaai.
Oa??eoi?ey A?aaioeiu auoyiooa a ia?eaeeiiaeueiii iai?aaeaiee. Iaaieueoay
aa i?ioyaeaiiinoue n naaa?a ia tha ninoaaeyao 3,7 ouny/ eeeiiao?ia.
Aieueoay i?ioyaeaiiinoue ii?neeo a?aieoe nua?aea aaaeioth ?ieue a
?acaeoee aa aiaoieo yeiiiie/aneeo naycae.
3.Ianaeaiea
A XVI aaea eniaineea caaiaaaoaee, eno?aaeyy ei?aiiia eiaeaeneia
ianaeaiea, caoaaoeee iiiai caiaeue a THaeiie Aia?eea. Iaeia ec eieiiee
auea iniiaaia ia thaa iaoa?eea. Aa iacaaee A?aaioeia, /oi icia/aao
na?aa?yiay. Ii eniaioeu ia iaoee oai ie cieioa, ie na?aa?a. Ieiei o?ao
noieaoee A?aaioeia auea caa?ioaiiie eieiieae Eniaiee. Eciaiaiee ia
i?iecioei e iinea caaiaaaiey iacaaeneiinoe a ia/aea XIX aaea (9.VII.
1816 a.). Ai?ueaa iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie a?oiiaie ieeaa?oee ca aeanoue
nii?iaiaeaeaeinue iiiai/eneaiiuie ia?aai?ioaie e eiio?ia?aai?ioaie.
I?iieeiiaaiea a no?aio eiino?aiiiai eaieoaea, nia/aea aiaeeeneiai, a
caoai e aia?eeaineiai, aaei e oneeaieth caaeneiinoe, ?inoo nioeeaeueiie
e iieeoe/aneie ianoaaeeueiinoe.
Ii ai aoi?ie iieiaeia i?ioeiai noieaoey A?aaioeia noaea e?oiiui
iinoaaueeii i?iaeiaieuenoaey a Caiaaeioth Aa?iio. Yoiio niinianoaiaaei
oi, /oi no?aia ?aniieiaeaia a thaeiii iieooa?ee: eiaaea a Aa?iia ceia, a
A?aaioeia - eaoi e nic?aaaao o?iaeae. Iinaau ioaieoeu e eoeo?ocu
caieiatho i?ino?ainoaa Iaiiu - ?aaieiu, ?aniieiaeaiiie aaeece io
Aoeaioe/aneiai ieaaia. Iaiia ia ycuea eiaeaeoeaa icia/aao caiey aac
eania. Oai ia ianoaeuao ianaony e?oiiue ?iaaoue neio.
A eiioea XIX aaea, /oiau inaieoue e canaeeoue Iaiio n aa ieiaei?iaeiuie
caieyie e iyaeei eeeiaoii, a A?aaioeio ono?aieeny iioie ia?anaeaioeaa ec
?aciuo no?ai Aa?iiu, a iniiaiii eniaioeaa e eoaeueyioeaa. Auee oaeaea
iaioeu, oioeaiaeoeu. Oaeei ia?acii, ianaeaiea A?aaioeiu neiaeeeinue a
cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie iiae aeaaeaieai ianniaie aa?iiaeneie eiiea?aoeee.
Yoi oeie/ii ia?anaeai/aneay no?aia. Ianoiia eiaeaeneia ianaeaiea auei
ii/oe iieiinoueth eno?aaeaii a oiaea eniaineie eieiiecaoeee. Iuia
eiaeaeoeaa e iaoenia a A?aaioeia 650 ouny/ /aeiaae.
A?aaioeineay iaoeey noi?ie?iaaeanue ec e?aieia (iioiieia eniaineeo
caaiaaaoaeae), /anoe/ii niaoaaoeony n ianoiuie eiaeaeoeaie, a iicaea, a
XIX aaea n iiiai/eneaiiuie eiiea?aioaie a iniiaiii ec Aa?iiu. Iiyoiio
A?aaioeia ioiineony e aaeui ainoaea?noaai Eaoeineie Aia?eee (aianoa n
O?oaaaai).
No?aia aieoaea o?aaeeoeee eoeueoo?u e auoa iiiaeo no?ai e ia?iaeia ie?a.
Eaaeaeue, ?iaeeaoeeny ia oa??eoi?ee A?aaioeiu, ii caeiio n/eoaaony
a?aaioeioeai. Ii e iuia caeanue aeeaoo ia?anaeaioeu ec no?ai Aa?iiu e
Acee. Eiyooeoeeaio ?iaeaeaaiinoe ninoaaeyao 20/1000, nia?oiinoe 9/1000.
Anoanoaaiiue i?e?ino ianaeaiey - iaeei ec naiuo ieceeo a Eaoeineie
Aia?eea. Aieueoeinoai ianaeaiey eniiaaaeoao eaoieeoeeci.
Ianaeaiea ?aciauaii ii oa??eoi?eyi ia?aaiiia?ii. Oa?aeoa?ia aieueoay
eiioeaio?aoeey a i?ea?aaeiii ?aeiia Iaiiu. Ieioiinoue ianaeaiey a
i?iaeioeeyo Aoyiin-Ae?an e Naioa-Oa i?aauoaao noi /aeiaae ia iaeei
eaaae?aoiue eeeiiao? (i?e n?aaeiae ii no?aia aeanyoue /aeiaae ia iaeei
eaaae?aoiue eeeiiao?).
O?iaaiue o?aaiecaoeee - i/aiue aunieee (86%), i?e yoii oieueei a
noieeoea i?iaeeaaao o?aoue ianaeaiey no?aiu. Aoyiin-Ae?an aoiaeeo a
/enei e?oiiaeoeo aaeiia?aoeee ie?a. E?oiiuie ai?iaeaie yaeythony oaeaea
?ina?ei, Ei?aeiaa, Iaiaeina, Ea-Ieaoa.
Naeueneia ianaeaiea A?aaioeiu anaaaea auei iaiiiai/eneaiiui (aa
iacuaatho aa?a?iie no?aiie aac e?anoueyi). Yoi iauyniyaony
i?aiaeaaeaieai e?oiiiai caieaaeaaeaiey, a oaeaea au?aaeaiiie
aeeaioiiaiae/aneie niaoeeaeecaoeeae naeueneiai oicyenoaa.
4.Eeeiao
Ec-ca iieiaeaiey A?aaioeiu a thaeiii iieooa?ee n eeeiaoii a yoie no?aia
ana iaiai?io. Anee o ian yiaa?ue naiue oieiaeiue ianyoe, oi a A?aaioeia
ii naiue aea?eee, a etheue naiue oieiaeiue. Aicaeooiua iannu n naaa?a
i?eiinyo oaiei e eeaiaaua aeiaeaee, a n thaa oieiae e ia?aaeei ?aceia
iaaeaiea oaiia?aoo?u.
I?e?iaea A?aaioeiu, oa??eoi?ey eioi?ie i?ioyioeanue n naaa?a ia tha ia
/aou?a ouny/e eeeiiao?ia, i/aiue ?aciiia?acia. Oa??eoi?ey A?aaioeiu
neeueii auoyiooa a ia?eaeeiiaeueiii iai?aaeaiee e ?aniieiaeaia a o?ao
eeeiaoe/aneeo iiynao: o?iie/aneii, noao?iie/aneii e oia?aiiii. Ia naaa?a
no?aiu, a o?iieeao, aea?ei e aeaaeii. THaeiaa, a noao?iieeao, eeeiao
oaieue e aeaaeiue, a a Iaoaaiiee, ia thaa no?aiu, yanoaaiii iuouaaony
eaaeyiia aeuoaiea Aioa?eoeee. Io Oeoiai ieaaia A?aaioeio ioaeaeytho
aunieea ai?u Aiaeu, iie?uoua aa/iuie niaaaie e eaaeieeaie.
Ia oi?ie?iaaiea eeeiaoa aieueoia aeeyiea ieacuaaao Aoeaioe/aneee ieaai
ia ainoiea e ai?u Aiaeu ia caiaaea. Aieaa iieiaeiu oa??eoi?ee no?aiu
eaaeeo a ciia iaaeinoaoi/iiai oaeaaeiaiey. Oa?aeoa?iu ?aaea
iaiaeeaeaiiua ia?aiaiu iiaiaeu, aneaaenoaea ionoonoaey ai?iuo oeaiae a
oe?ioiii iai?aaeaiee aao?u i?iieeatho oi n naaa?a (o?iie/aneea nooea),
oi n thaa (oieiaeiua).
?ani?aaeaeaiea oeiia eeeiaoa iaoneiaeeaaao iaee/ea niioaaonoaothueo
i?e?iaeiuo cii. Ia naaa?a no?aiu, a A?ai-*aei, a iaeanoe o?iie/aneiai
naciiii-aeaaeiiai eeeiaoa (aeiaeaee eaoii) iaoiaeeony iiethn aea?u anae
THaeiie Aia?eee. A iaaeaeo?a/uea ?ae Ia?aia e O?oaaae e a Iaiia
iaoiaeeony iaeanoue aeaaii?eyoiiai noao?iie/aneiai eeeiaoa. Caeanue,
?anooo noao?iie/aneea eana n oeaiiuie ii?iaeaie aea?aaueaa, thaeiaa
iaoiaeyony i?a?ee ni noaiiie ?anoeoaeueiinoueth. Iaiia i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie ieineoth ?aaieio, noao?iie/aneoth noaiue n ieiaei?iaeiuie ii/aaie,
neeueii eciaiaiioth /aeiaaeii, nicaeaaoei caeanue naeueneioicyenoaaiiua
eaiaeoaoou iieae e ianoaeu. Ia naaa?a ?aniieiaeaiu aa/iicaeaiua eana. Ec
aea?aaa eaa?a/i, ?anoouaai oai, iieo/atho aeoaeeueiua aauanoaa,
iaiaoiaeeiua aeey ia?aaioee eiae. A i?aaeai?ueyo Aiae iiiai naaeia e
aeiia?aaeieeia, yoo iaeanoue iacuaatho naaeii ?anioaeeee. Au?aueaatho
caeanue /ae iaoa - iaoeeiiaeueiue iaieoie a?aaioeioeaa. Ii ai?ueeiaao,
ii oi?ioi ooieyao aeaaeaeo e i?eaeaao aiae?inoue
Iaoaaiiey - yoi a iniiaiii aunieea ?aaieiu, caiyoua
ceaeiai-eonoa?ieeiauie iieoionouiiuie e nooeie noaiyie. Eeeiao caeanue
nooie e no?iaue. A ai aeaaeiuo Iaoaaiineeo Aiaeao ?anooo eana, eioi?ua n
aunioie niaiythony eonoa?ieeaie e aunieiai?iuie eoaaie. Eana yoie ciiu
ninoaaeytho 1/3 eaniiie?uoie ieiuaaee no?aiu.
I?eia?ii o?aoue oa??eoi?ee A?aaioeiu iie?uoa nooeie eanaie. Oai ia
iaiaa, no?aia auioaeaeaia aaiceoue ae?aaaneio ec ae?oaeo ainoaea?noa.
A eaaeaeie no?aia anoue naiy aeaaiay ?aea. Aeey a?aaioeioeaa yoi Ia?aia,
i?ioyioaoayny ii/oe ia iyoue ouny/ eeeiiao?ia. Aa i?eoiee iinyo iacaaiey
ninaaeieo ainoaea?noa - O?oaaae e Ia?aaaae. Ieciauey Ia?aiu iacuaathony
Ea-Ieaoa, e o aiaaeaiey a ieaai, aaea ?aniieiaeaia noieeoea e ae?oaea
e?oiiaeoea ai?iaea, oe?eia ?aee aeinoeaaao o?aonio eeeiiao?ia. Yoi
naiaia?aciia ii?a. *oiau caueoeoue i?eeaaathuea ?aeiiu io
iionoioeoaeueiuo iaaiaeiaiee, ia Ia?aia e aa i?eoieao iaia/aii
iino?ieoue e?oiiua ieioeiu, nii?oaeeoue iiuiua yeaeo?inoaioeee. A
aoaeouai ?aee aannaeia Ea-Ieaou iaia/aii niaaeeieoue n aannaeiii ?aee
Aiaciiee. Iiniio?eoa ia oece/aneoth ea?oo THaeiie Aia?eee e au
oaaaeeoanue, /oi iinea inouanoaeaiey yoiai a?aiaeeiciiai i?iaeoa aoaeao
nicaeaia nenoaia ?a/iuo iooae, eioi?ua niaaeeiyo no?aiu yoiai
eiioeiaioa. Ii?neea noaea niiaoo iiaeieiaoueny a aai aioo?aiiea ?aeiiu.
5.I?e?iaeiua ?ano?nu
A?aaioeio iiaeii ii ?aeueaoo ?acaeaeeoue ia aeaa i?eia?ii ?aaiua /anoe:
?aaieiioth ia naaa?a e ainoiea, aicauoaiioth e ai?ioth - ia caiaaea e
thaa.
Aaeieue anae caiaaeiie a?aieoeu A?aaioeiu i?inoe?athony iiao/ea Aiaeu.
Ia ia?aciaaiea oi?i ?aeueaoa Iaiaiiie Caiee ieacaei aicaeaenoaea
ieaaeaiaiea (eaiaeoaoo - ii?aiiue). E thao io ?aee ?ei-Eiei?aaei (ia
thaa no?aiu) eaaeeo Iaoaaiiey. Oa?aeoa?iua aeey iaa oi?iu ?aeueaoa -
nooiai/aoia ieaoi n e?oouie neeiiaie n e?oouie neeiiaie, ?an/eaiaiiua
eaiueiiaie. Iaoaaiiey a aeaea nooiaiae e oa??an nioneaaony n caiaaea ia
ainoie e Aoeaioe/aneiio ieaaio n aunio 2000 i aei 100 i iaae o?iaiai
ii?y.
Iaaeaeo ?aeaie ?ei-Naeaaei ia naaa?a e ?ei-Eiei?aaei ia thaa
i?inoe?aaony iaoe?iay ?aaieia - Iaiia. Yoi naiay iaaeeoay e
aonoiianaeaiiay /anoue no?aiu. Ia naaa?a no?aiu iaoiaeyony aua aeaa
?aaieiu: A?ai-*aei e ?aaieia a iaaeaeo?a/uea ?ae Ia?aia e O?oaaae.
Aeaaiaea?y ?aciiia?aceth ?aeueaoa e iniaaiiinoyi aaieiae/aneiai no?iaiey
A?aaioeia ?aniieaaaao aiaaoie ieia?aeueii-nu?ueaaie aacie aeey ?acaeoey
i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Ii caeaaeae ie?iaiai ianooaaa (eae a ae?oaeo no?aiao
Eaoeineie Aia?eee) caeanue ii/oe iao.
A caiaaeiuo ?aeiiao eiathony ?oaeiua iieaciua eneiiaaiua. No?aia
auaeaeyaony caianaie o?aiiauo, ia?aaioeaauo, iaaeiuo ?oae, aa?eeeey;
anoue naeioeiai-oeeieiaua, aieueo?aiiaua e aeaeaciua ?oaeu. Ii caianai
o?aiiauo ?oae A?aaioeia aoiaeeo a aeanyoeo aaaeoueo no?ai ie?a.
Ec oiieeaii-yia?aaoe/aneeo ?ano?nia iaeaieueoaa cia/aiea eiatho
i?e?iaeiue aac e iaooue. Iniiaiua ianoi?iaeaeaiey i?eo?i/aiu e
inaaei/iui ii?iaeai a i?iaeaao Iaoaaiineie ieaooi?iu e iaaeai?iui
i?iaeaai Aiae (a i?iaeioeeyo Iaoeai, Iaaeina, Naeueoa) e ia ino?iaa
Iaiaiiay Caiey. Aeinoiaa?iua caianu i?e?iaeiiai aaca A?aaioeiu
ioeaieaathony a 600 ieeeea?aeia eoae/aneeo iao?ia. Aeiau/a aai aic?inea
(iniaaiii n ioe?uoeai ianoi?iaeaeaiey a i?iaeioeee Iaoeai). A Iaoaaiiee
anoue iaaieueoea caianu ao?uo oaeae.
A?aaioeia auaeaeyaony caianaie iaiaoaeee/aneeo eneiiaaiuo, a o./. na?u.
Aeiaieueii iiiai/eneaiiu caeaaee ?acee/iiai no?ieoaeueiiai nu?uey
(i?aii?, a?aieo e ae?.).
Aianoa n oai aaieiae/aneay eco/aiiinoue oa??eoi?ey a oeaeii iecea. Ii
iaeia ec iniiaiuo i?iaeai ?acaeoey io?aneae i?iiuoeaiiinoe A?aaioeiu
caeeth/aaony ia noieueei a ionoonoaee ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia nu?uey (oioy
iuouaaony iaoaaoea eienothueo oaeae, aieneoia, eaeeeiuo nieae e ae?.),
neieueei a e?aeia iaaeaaii?eyoiii eo ?aciauaiee (i?aeiouanoaaiii a
ie?aeiiuo, iaeiiaaeeouo ?aeiiao). Oae, iai?eia?, a Iaoaaiiee (30%
oa??eoi?ee no?aiu) ioia/aaony ni/aoaiea enoi/ieeia ieia?aeueiiai nu?uey
e oiieeaa, aiaeiuo e eaniuo ?ano?nia. Ia yoio ?aeii oaea nae/an
i?eoiaeeony iieiaeia i?iaeoeoeee ai?iiaeiauaathuae i?iiuoeaiiinoe.
Iaeiaei a yoii ?aeiia i?iaeeaaao eeoue 3% ianaeaiey no?aiu.
I?e?iaeiie iniiaie yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey yaeeenue, a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue, aiaaoua caiaeueiua ?ano?nu A?aaioeiu. A no?oeoo?a caiaeueiiai
oiiaea naeueneioicyenoaaiiua oaiaeuey caieiatho ieiei 70%(ii
i?aiaeaaeatho ianoaeua). ?aniaoaia cia/eoaeueiay /anoue oa??eoi?ee
Iaiiu.
Aeaaii?eyoiia ni/aoaiea aa?ieeeiaoe/aneeo ?ano?nia ii?aaeaeeei
niaoeeaeecaoeeth no?aiu a I?O ia ca?iiaii oicyenoaa e aeeaioiiaiaenoaa
ia anoanoaaiiuo ianoaeuao.
N?aaee aiaeiuo ?ano?nia A?aaioeiu aeaaiay ?ieue i?eiaaeeaaeeo ?aeai.
?a/iay naoue eo/oa ?acaeoa ia naaa?i-ainoiea, aaea aeaa iiiaiaiaeiua
?aee neeaathony a iauai onouea Ea-Ieaou. Ia?aia - aoi?ay (iinea
Aiaciiee) ii aeeeia e ieiuaaee aannaeia ?aea THaeiie Aia?eee. E?oiiaeoea
?aee A?aaioeiu eiatho aeiaeaeaaie oei ieoaiey.
Iniiaiie yeiiiie/aneee aeae?iyia?aaoe/aneee iioaioeeae i?eiaaeeaaeeo
?aeai Iaoaaiiee, aa?ouei ia/aei a ai?ao, a oaeaea ?aeai aannaeia Ia?aiu
e O?oaaay. Ii eniieuecoaony eeoue iaaieueoay /anoue yoiai iioaioeeaea.
Iiiai i?e?iaeiuo aiaaonoa oaeo caiey Iaoaaiiee. Ia yoie iieoionouiiie
oa??eoi?ee iaei aeeoaeae e iao e?oiiuo ai?iaeia. A 1987 aiae a A?aaioeia
iaeaoie aeaiooaoia Iaoeeiiaeueiiai eiia?anna auei i?eiyoi ?aoaiea i
ia?aiina noieeoeu ?anioaeeee a thaeiua ?aeiiu Iaoaaiiee, a ai?iae
Aueaaeia, /oi aeieaeii iiii/ue inaiaieth e canaeaieth yoie oa??eoi?ee.
Anoue e ae?oaay i?e/eia oaeiai ?aoaiey: ie?anoiinoe Aoyiin-Ae?ana i/aiue
ia?aianaeaiu. A noieeoea e aaeece iaa i?iaeeaaao o?aoue ianaeaiey
no?aiu, oai nin?aaeioi/aia iieiaeia aa i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Iaeiaei ?aoaiea aii?ina ioeiaeaii.
6.Io?anee niaoeeaeecaoeee
Nia?aiaiiay A?aaioeia noaea e?oiiie i?iiuoeaiiie no?aiie, iaeiie ec
iaeaieaa ?acaeouo a yeiiiie/aneii ioiioaiee no?ai Eaoeineie Aia?eee. Ii
?acia?ai AAI a ?an/aoa ia iaeiiai aeeoaey, noaiaie o?aaiecaoeee,
a?aiioiinoe ianaeaiey, o?iaith eaaeeoeeaoeee ?aai/ae neeu, noaiaea?oai
ieoaiey no?aia i?eiaaeeaaeeo e /eneo eeaea?ia n?aaee ?acaeaathueony
no?ai. Ii oeiieiaee aaia?aoia IAO, no?aia ioiineony e a?oiia
ia?anaeai/aneeo no?ai ?aiiaai ?acaeoey caaeneiiai eaieoaeecia (ia?yaeo n
O?oaaaai). Aianoa n A?aceeeae e Iaeneeie A?aaioeio oaeaea /anoi ioiinyo
e iiaui eiaeono?eaeueiui no?aiai (IEN), /oi ia nianai aa?ii. Yeiiiieea
yoeo ainoaea?noa, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, iaania/eaaao naie aioo?aiiee
?uiie, a eeanne/aneea IEN - yoi no?aiu, yeiiiieea eioi?uo iieiinoueth
eee a i/aiue aieueoie noaiaie i?eaioe?iaaia ia yenii?o. Oae /oi iauaai
oeiieiae/aneiai i?eciaea ii nouanoao iao.
A iineaaeiea aiaeu a no?aia i?iaiaeeony eo?n ia icaei?iaeaiea yeiiiieee
n iiiiuueth iaoe?iie i?ia?aiiu i?eaaoecaoeee, iaocaeaiey eioeyoeee e
o.ae. A ?acoeueoaoa ia/aouo ?aoi?i yeiiiieea A?aaioeiu, aia?aua n 70-o
aiaeia, ainnoaiiaeea naie aeeiaieci. A 1988 aiaeo aioo?aiiee aaeiaue
i?iaeoeo (AAI) ninoaaee 0,5 %. Auei i?iecaaaeaii: 1,6 iei. oiii /oaoia,
3,2 iei. oiii noaee, 2,5 iei. oiii i?ieaoa, 175 oun. aaoiiiaeeae, 49,5
ie?ae. EAo / yeaeo?iyia?aee. A a 1993 aiaeo AAI ii n?aaiaieth n70-ie
aiaeaie oaaee/eeny ia 6%.
.Aa?a?iue iioaioeeae no?aiu, eioi?ue aei neo ii? ii?aaeaeyao aa
niaoeeaeecaoeeth a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ?acaeaeaiee o?oaea, aaeee. Ii a
iineaaeiea aiaeu au?in iioaioeeae i?iiuoeaiiinoe, aeiey eioi?ie a
nicaeaiee AAI(30%) aieaa /ai aaeaia i?aauoaao aeieth naeueneiai
oicyenoaa.
Iaiia - iaeei ec e?oiiaeoeo naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo ?aeiiia ie?a. Caeanue
au?aueaatho ioaieoeo, eai, iiaenieia/iee, oaaae, ?en, ei?iiaua
eoeueoo?u. Iaiia ei?ieo no?aio, a /anoue o?iaeay i?iaeaao ca ?oaaae.
Iaiio n iiaa?aaeueai niaaeeiytho aeanyoee aeaeaciuo aei?ia e oinna. Ii
iei a ii?ou aeinoaaeytho ca?ii. I?iecaiaeeony iiiai iyna, eiaee e
oa?noe, eioi?ua auaicyo a ae?oaea no?aiu.
A A?aaioeia aeiauaatho naeiaoe e oeeie, iaooue e aac, o?aiiaoth e
ae?oaea ?oaeu, auieaaeytho iaoaee, i?iecaiaeyo aaoiiiaeee, o?aeoi?u,
naiieaou, ii?neea noaea, ?acee/iia iai?oaeiaaiea, a oii /enea
yeaeo?iiioth oaoieeo. A A?aaioeia iino?ieee aoiiioth yeaeo?inoaioeeth,
ia?aoth a THaeiie Aia?eea
Iaooue aeiauaatho a no?aia n ia/aea XX aaea. Ii aa aeiau/a A?aaioeia
caieiaao /aoaa?oia ianoi a Eaoeineie Aia?eea (32 ieeeeiiia oiii,
1995a.). ?acaeoa iaooaia?a?aaaouaathuay i?iiuoeaiiinoue. Ooieoeeiie?otho
nauoa aeanyoe caaiaeia (e?oiiaeoea a Ea-Ieaoa, Aoyiin-Ae?ana,
Eiiiaei-?eaaaeaaee, yaeythuaeny iaooyiie noieeoeae no?aiu).
Aeey no?oeoo?u oiieeaii-yia?aaoe/aneiai aaeaina oa?aeoa?ii oaaee/aiea
aeiee i?e?iaeiiai aaca. N ioe?uoeai iiauo e?oiiuo ianoi?iaeaeaiee
oieueei ca ia?eiae n 1970 ii1990 aiaeu aai aeiau/a oaaee/eeanue a 10 ?ac
(15 ieeeea?aeia eoae/aneeo iao?ia). Aaeeei eniieueciaaiea aaca a
eiiioiaeueii-auoiaii oicyenoaa (A?aaioeia - iaeaieaa aaceoeoee?iaaiiay
no?aia eiioeiaioa).
Iaooa- e aacii?iaiaeu i?ieiaeaiu io ianoi?iaeaeaiee aioo?aiieo e
oaeaeaiiuo ?aeiiia (a o./. io Iaiaiiie caiee) e i?iiuoeaiii ?acaeoui.
O?oaii?iaiaeiay naoue aeiaieueii i?ioyaeaiiay e ?acaaoaeaiiay (5 ouny/
eeeiiao?ia). A ieaia auoiaea ia ?uiee ninaaeieo ainoaea?noa aeey
yenii?oa iaooe e aaca a ia?niaeoeaa aaaeiui yaeyaony no?ieoaeuenoai
iiauo o?oaii?iaiaeia (iai?eia?, a A?aceeeth).
Auno?uie oaiiaie ?acaeaaaony yeaeo?iyia?aaoeea. Iaee/ea nianoaaiiuo
ianoi?iaeaeaiee iaooe e aaca i?eaaei e ii?aaeaeaiiiio e?aio a au?aaioea
yeaeo?iyia?aee, aeaaiui ia?acii ia OYN (3/4 i?iecaiaenoaa). ?anoao
eniieueciaaiea aeae?iyia?aaoeee e aoiiiie yia?aee. Aeey ?acaeoey
iineaaeiae A?aaioeia iaeaaeaao e nu?ueaaie aacie, e ?acaeoie nenoaiie
IEIE?. No?aia noaea ia?aie a ?aaeiia, eniieuecothuae aoiiioth yia?aeth
aoiiioth yia?aeth ec nianoaaiiiai o?aia (ia?aay AYN iino?iaia a 1974
aiaeo). Aeiey yeaeo?iyia?aee, i?iecaiaeeiie ia AYN, ninoaaeyao 13% io
iauaai i?iecaiaenoaa.
*a?iay iaoaeeo?aey a iniiaiii eniieuecoao i?eaiciia nu?uea (ca n/ao
nianoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa oaeiaeaoai?ythony eeoue iieiaeia
iio?aaiinoae). Auieaaea noaee (3 ieeeeiia oiii, 1993 a.) ao?ia i?aauoaao
auieaaeo /oaoia. I?iecaiaeeony oaeaea auieaaea oeaaoiuo iaoaeeia -
aethieiey, naeioea, oeeiea.
Neiaeiinoue inaiaiey nu?ueaaie aacu ia?aie/eaaao iioaioeeae iaoaeeo?aee.
Oa?aeoa?iie /a?oie io?anee yaeyaony iaee/ea iiiai/eneaiiuo e
n?aaieoaeueii iaaieueoeo i?aaei?eyoee, i?eaioe?othueony ia eiii?o
i?iiaaeooi/iuo i?iaeoeoia (iaoaeeieiia, eiena, iaaee). Iie
nin?aaeioi/aiu a i?ea?aaeiii ?aeiia, aaeaee io ianoiuo enoi/ieeia
nu?uey.
A iineaaeiea aiaeu i?iaiaeeony iiaea?iecaoeey io?anee, nicaeathony iiaua
iai?aaeaiey (i?yiia ainnoaiiaeaiea aeaeaca ec ?oaeu, i?iecaiaenoai
ia?ae/iiai aethieiey e i?i/aa).
Iaoeiino?ieoaeueiue eiiieaen A?aaioeiu auioneaao aanueia ?aciiia?acioth
i?iaeoeoeeth. Cia/eoaeueiiai o?iaiy ?acaeoey aeinoeaei i?iecaiaenoai
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoei, iai?oaeiaaiey aeey eaaeie e ieuaaie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, iiiaeo oiaa?ia auoiaiai iacia/aiey.
Iaeia ec iniiaiuo io?aneae - aaoiiiaeeano?iaiea. I?aaei?eyoey yoie
io?anee auee nicaeaiu i?e aeoeaiii o/anoee eiino?aiiiai eaieoaea e
auioneatho aaoiiiaeee (a iniiaiii eaaeiaua) aa?iiaeneeo e aia?eeaineeo
ia?ie.
Naeueneioicyenoaaiiia iaoeiino?iaiea A?aaioeiu i?iecaiaeeo nauoa 250
oeiia iaoei, e ii /eneo auioneaaiuo o?aeoi?ia no?aia iaoiaeeony ia
aoi?ii ianoa a ?aaeiia.
Iieo/eei ?acaeoea noaeino?iaiea, aeeth/ay i?iecaiaenoai ieaaie/aneeo,
eaaioaaeiuo, ?a/iuo, ?uaieiaiuo e nii?oeaiuo noaeia.
Ca n/ao iaoeeiiaeueiiai iaoeiino?iaiey iaania/eaaaony 3/4 aioo?aiieo
iio?aaiinoae. I?e yoii iiaua io?anee i?iiuoeaiiinoe, iai?eia?,
yeaeo?iieea, ia/aee ?acaeaaoueny a A?aaioeia ?aiueoa, /ai a ae?oaeo
no?aiao Eaoeineie Aia?eee. Iaeiaei ioaeaeueiua nia?aiaiiua io?anee
(yeaeo?iieea, noaieino?iaiea, i?iecaiaenoai i?iiuoeaiiuo ?iaioia)
i?aaenoaaeaiu iaaeinoaoi/ii. Aii?in inaiaiey eiii?oiie oaoiieiaee
yaeyaony iaeiei ec naiuo aeooaeueiuo aeey iaoeiino?iaiey A?aaioeiu.
E /eneo ia?niaeoeaiuo ioiineony oeie/aneay e iniaaiii iaooaoeie/aneay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue, oae eae eiaaony naoue o?oaii?iaiaeia.
Nicaeaiu iaooaoeie/aneea oeaio?u ii i?iecaiaenoao aaciauo
oaeaaiaei?iaeia. Oneeeaaaony oaiaeaioeey e naiiiaania/aieth no?aiu
aaaeiaeoeie oeie/aneeie e iaooaoeie/aneeie i?iaeoeoaie e ?anoe?aieth eo
yenii?oa. Caeeaaeuaaaony iniiaa aeey eioaineaiiai ?acaeoey oiieie oeiee,
aeioaoiieiaee.
A A?aaioeia ?acaeoa oa?iaoeaaoeea (ia iooiaeao iynioeaaeiaieiie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe), a oaeaea i?iecaiaenoaa oaoie/aneeo ianae (ooiaiaiai,
eanoi?iaiai, eueiyiiai), aeoaeeueiuo aauanoa (yeno?aeo aea?aaa eaa?a/i -
i?ae?aniue aeoaeoaeue eiae).
No?aia caieiaao o?aouea ianoi a Eaoeineie Aia?eea ii caianai ae?aaaneiu
e ia?yaeo n A?aceeeae yaeyaony e?oiiaeoei i?iecaiaeeoaeai oiaa?iie
oeaeetheicu.
Cia/eoaeueiia ?acaeoea a no?aia iieo/eee io?anee, aace?othueany ia
ia?a?aaioea naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai nu?uey - ieuaaay e oaenoeeueiay.
Aeaaiay io?aneue aa?ii?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena - iynioeaaeiaieiay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue. ?acaeou ioeiiieueiay e eiina?aiay io?anee. O?iaaiue
?acaeoey aeiia?aaea?noaa e aeiiaeaeey iicaieyao A?aaioeia i?iecaiaeeoue
aeii a iauaiao, onooiathueo eeoue o?iaith i?iecaiaenoaa O?aioeee,
Eoaeee, Eniaiee.
Iniiaiua noaouee yenii?oa: ca?ii, iyni, oa?noue, aeii, o?oeou, ecaeaeey
ia?aaaouaathuae i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Iniiaiua noaouee eiii?oa iaoeiu,
iai?oaeiaaiea, oiieeai, oeie/aneea oiaa?u, iai?oaeiaaiea aeey
yeaeo?inoaioeee.
Iniiaiua oi?aiaua ia?oia?u - no?aiu Caiaaeiie Aa?iiu, NOA, Ia?o,
A?aceeey, O?oaaae, *eee.
7.Iau/ae, o?aaeeoeee
A?aaioeioeu, aieoaa o?aaeeoeee iiiaeo ia?iaeia, nicaeaee nianoaaiioth
eoeueoo?o. Naiaia?aciui neiaieii no?aiu noaee aao/i - a ia?aaiaea n
ycuea eiaeaeoeaa no?aiieee. Aao/i ia ?annoathony n aeoa?ie, a eo ianie
?aniaaaao any no?aia. A?aaioeioeu aiiaua i/aiue iocueaeueiua ethaee.
A?aaioeineay iocuea ecaanoia ai anai ie?a. A no?aia aeaaea nouanoaoao
iaoeeiiaeueiue i?acaeiee - aeaiue oaiai.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
1) E. A. ?iaeeiiiaa. Iiniaea ii aaia?aoee aeey iinooiathueo a aocu //
Iineaa, ?inneeneee oieaa?neoao ae?oaeau ia?iaeia, Oieeoi-oeaio?, 1997 a.
2) Yioeeeeiiaaeey *oi oaeia. Eoi oaeie. // Iineaa, Iaaeaaiaeea-I?ann,
1992 a.
3) Yioeeeeiiaaeey Aaia?aoey // Iineaa, Aaaioa+, 1995 a.
4) Ni?aai/iee No?aiu ie?a // Iineaa, Iieeoecaeao, 1991 a.
5) O. A. Aeaniaa Oece/aneay aaia?aoey iaoa?eeia // I?inaauaiea, 1976
a.
Ieai ?aoa?aoa:
1.Aeceoiay ea?oi/ea4 no?.2.Aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea4 no?.3.Ianaeaiea4
no?.4.Eeeiao6 no?.5.I?e?iaeiua ?ano?nu8 no?. 6.Io?anee
niaoeeaeecaoeee11 no?.7.Iau/ae, o?aaeeoeee15 no?.8.Nienie eeoa?aoo?u16
no?.
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