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Pyotr Kapitsa

P. Kapita, anа outstandingа Sovietа physicist, wasа bornа in

Kronstadt in the family of a general in 1894. Heа graduatedа from

the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute in 1919. Kapitsa tookа a great

interest in physics while still at the institute.

In 1921 Kapitsa was sent to England onа Lenin'sа instructions

to renew scientific contacts. He worked inа theа famousа Cavendish

Laboratory headed by Rutherford. Kapitsa was elected aа memberа of

the Royal Sociaty forа hisа outstandingа scientificа workа inа the

production of large magnetic fields.

In the middle of 1930s he organized the Institute of Physical

Problems near Moscow. It was hereа thatа Kapitsaа concetratedа his

attention on theа researchа ofа superlowа temperaturesа ofа liquid

helium and superconductivity. He showed that helium conducted heat

so well becouse it flowed with remarkable ease.

After the W.W.II hisа scientificа activityа wasа directedа to

space research. In 1950s Kapitsa also turned his attention to ball

lightning - a phenomenon in which plasma exists for aа much longer

period than it was supposed.

Kapitsa was awarded a Nobel Prize for hisа great contribution

to world science in 1978. Today there are few names in the history

of phisics that can be placed next to his.