The American Wars of the 20th and 21st century
Доклад - История
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communism fails to provide prosperity for the people. Almost every county in the world has abandoned communism because its failure to produce social and economic success. [13]
6. The Iraq War
The Iraq War was a conflict that occurred in Iraq from March 20, 2003 to December 15, 2011. Also this war is known as the War in Iraq (also referred to as the Occupation of Iraq, the Second Gulf War, or Operation Iraqi Freedom by the United States military).were several reasons for war including following ones-
The United States and the world have a duty to disarm a rogue nation like Iraq.
-Saddam Hussein is a tyrant that has demonstrated a complete disregard for human life and should be brought to justice.
The people of Iraq are an oppressed people, and the world has a duty to help these people.
The oil reserves of the region are necessary to the worlds economy. A rogue element like Saddam threatens the oil reserves of the entire region.
The war in Iraq can be divided into two distinct stages. In the first stage US and coalition forces quickly advanced on Baghdad. The regime of Saddam Hussein quickly fell and the US began to administer Iraq directly. The second stage has lasted from the middle of April 2003 until December 15, 2011. In that time the US helped the Iraqis elect their own government. In the meantime US forces were attacked both by supporters of the old regime as well as groups affiliated with Al Queda. To make matters worse violence soon developed between the Shites and Sunnis in Iraq. Today over three years later virtual civil war exist between the Shites and Sunnis.to the war, the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom claimed that Iraqs alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) posed a threat to their security and that of their coalition/regional allies. In 2002, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1441 which called for Iraq to completely cooperate with UN weapon inspectors to verify that Iraq was not in possession of WMD and cruise missiles. The United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) found no evidence of WMD, but could not verify the accuracy of Iraqs declarations regarding what weapons it possessed. Lead weapons inspector Hans Blix advised the UN Security Council that while Iraq was cooperating in terms of access, Iraqs declarations with regards to WMD still could not be verified. [14]investigation following the invasion, the U. S. - led Iraq Survey Group concluded that Iraq had ended its nuclear, chemical, and biological programs in 1991 and had no active programs at the time of the invasion, but that they intended to resume production if the Iraq sanctions were lifted. Although some degraded remnants of misplaced or abandoned chemical weapons from before 1991 were found, they were not the weapons which had been the one of the main arguments for the invasion.US officials also accused Iraqi President Saddam Hussein of harboring and supporting al-Qaeda, but no evidence of a meaningful connection was ever found. Other proclaimed reasons for the invasion included Iraqs financial support for the families of Palestinian suicide bombers, Iraqi government human rights abuses, and an effort to spread democracy to the country.invasion of Iraq led to an occupation and the eventual capture of President Hussein, who was later tried in an Iraqi court of law and executed by the new Iraqi government. [15] Violence against coalition forces and among various sectarian groups soon led to the Iraqi insurgency, strife between many Sunni and Shia Iraqi groups, and the emergence of a new faction of Al-Qaeda in Iraq.June 2008, U. S. Department of Defense officials claimed security and economic indicators began to show signs of improvement in what they hailed as significant and fragile gains. Iraq was fifth on the 2008 Failed States Index, and sixth on the 2009 list. As public opinion favoring troop withdrawals increased and as Iraqi forces began to take responsibility for security, member nations of the Coalition withdrew their forces. In late 2008, the U. S. and Iraqi governments approved a Status of Forces Agreement effective through January 1, 2012. The Iraqi Parliament also ratified a Strategic Framework Agreement with the U. S.,aimed at ensuring cooperation in constitutional rights, threat deterrence, education, energy development, and other areas. In late February 2009, newly elected U. S. President Barack Obama announced an 18-month withdrawal window for combat forces, with approximately 50,000 troops remaining in the country "to advise and train Iraqi security forces and to provide intelligence and surveillance". [16] General Ray Odierno, the top U. S.military commander in Iraq, said he believes all U. S. troops will be out of the country by the end of 2011, while UK forces ended combat operations on April 30, 2009. Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has said he supports the accelerated pullout of U. S. forces. In a speech at the Oval Office on 31 August 2010 Obama declared "the American combat mission in Iraq has ended. Operation Iraqi Freedom is over, and the Iraqi people now have lead responsibility for the security of their country. "Beginning September 1, 2010, the American operational name for its involvement in Iraq changed from "Operation Iraqi Freedom" to "Operation New Dawn." The remaining 50,000 U. S. troops were designated as "advise and assist brigades" assigned to non-combat operations while retaining the ability to revert to combat operations as necessary. Two combat aviation brigades also remain in Iraq. In September 2010, the Associated Press issued an internal memo reminding its reporters that "combat in Iraq is not over," and "U. S. troops remain involved in combat operations alongside Iraqi forces, although U. S. officials say the American combat mission has formally ended." [17] On October 21, 2011, President Obama announced that all U. S. troops and trainers would leave Iraq by the end of the year, bringing the U. S. mission in Iraq to an end. On December 15, 2011, U. S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta officially declared the Iraq War over, at a flag lowering ceremony in Baghdad.
Conclusion
For a long time America took part in social, ethnic and religious conflicts and wars, that had a significant influence on the development of different countries.the American Revolution of the late 18th century to the Iraq War in the early 21st, these conflicts have shaped the countrys policies, influenced its culture, defined its borders and cost thousands of lives. Wars in these centuries, with the exception of WWII, have all been based on the expansion of Empire, but with the modern twist of multinational capitalism. Americans have gone to war to win their independence, expand their national boundaries, define their freedoms, and defend their interests around the globe.
References
[1] Title 10 of the United States Code
[2] "Organization Chart of the Joint Chiefs of Staff". JCS Leadership. Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
[3] John Whiteclay Chambers, ed., The Oxford Guide to American Military History (1999).
[4] Jeremy Black, America as a Military Power: From the American Revolution to the Civil War (2002)
[5] "14 June: The Birthday of the U. S. Army". United States Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 2011-07-01. an excerpt from Robert Wright, The Continental Army
[6] Army FY2010 Demographics brochure. US Army
[7] Ions, Edmund, Woodrow Wilson - The Politics of Peace and War (1977);
[8] Kennedy, David, M., Over Here: The First World War and American Society (1980).
[9] Iriye, Akira (1987), The Origins of the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific
[10] Casey, Steven (2001), Cautious Crusade: Franklin D. Roosevelt, American Public Opinion and the War against Nazi Germany
[11] History Place, The Vietnam War January 27, 1973
[12] Frank E. Smitha, The Korean War
[13] Wanda Anderson, Waltrip High School, Korean and Vietnam - Different Wars, Same Policies
[14] "Iraq War Logs: What the numbers reveal". Iraq Body Count. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
[15] Thomas E. Ricks (2006) Fiasco, The American Military Adventure In Iraq. Penguin
[16] "Attacks in Iraq at All-Time High, Pentagon Report Says". PBS. 2006-12-19.
[17]