Appendix a for the course paper "Australia"
Курсовой проект - География
Другие курсовые по предмету География
alia II representing the Royal Perth Yacht Club who upset the longest winning streak in modern sports history. Australia celebrated the 200th year since Captain Arthur Phillips first fleet arrived in Sydney in 1988. In 1993 Sydney won the right to host the Summer Olympic Games for the year 2000. The Games were universally applauded by Juan Antonio Samaranch as the best ever. It was simply a fantastic time to be in Sydney.Australia is one of the most cosmopolitan and dynamic societies in the world. Over 200 languages are spoken, with English the common language. The nation has thriving ethnic media, an international business reputation, an innovative artistic community, diverse religious and cultural activities and variety in foods, restaurants, fashion and architecture.
Chapter 2. AUSTRALIAN GEOGRAPHY
.1 Location
sits between New Zealand in the south-east, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia to the north and a host of South Pacific islands and atolls to the nor-nor-nor-west. Africa lies the length of the Atlantic away west while Antarctica is directly south. Europe and the Americas are datelines away. Its a remote place. Indeed Perth, the capital city of Western Australia, is officially the worlds most remote city.land area, Australia is the sixth largest nation after Russia, Canada, China, the United States of America and Brazil. It has, however, a relatively small population. Australia is the only nation to govern an entire continent and its outlying islands. The mainland is the largest island and the smallest, flattest continent on Earth. It lies between 10 and 39 South latitude.highest point on the mainland, Mount Kosciuszko, is only 2228 metres. Apart from Antarctica, Australia is the driest continent.is the driest inhabited continent on earth. Its interior has one of the lowest rainfalls in the world and about three-quarters of the land is arid or semi-arid. Its fertile areas are well-watered, however, and these are used very effectively to help feed the world. Sheep and cattle graze in dry country, but care must be taken with the soil. Some grazing land became desert when the long cycles that influence rainfall in Australia turned to drought.Australian federation consists of six States and two Territories. Most inland borders follow lines of longitude and latitude. The largest State, Western Australia, is about the same size as Western Europe. Australia is huge. There are sheep-stations bigger than European principalities. Australia is the worlds sixth-largest country and smallest continent. Its area is 7,686,850 sq km which in the imperial scale translates to 4,776,385 miles. You could fit 30-odd Great Britain in Australia. The island-continents coastline is 25,760 km around and if you drove around it you could proudly tell people you had driven a very long way indeed - 16,006 miles, to be precise.
% of Australia is sea-level flat. Theres a few mountains in the south-east that snow falls on for a few months and some tropical rainforest in the north. If you get right into the very guts of the place, the absolute red centre, youll see the breathtaking beauty of the Uluru sitting majestically upon five million square miles of flatness.: Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Oceancoordinates: 27 00 S, 133 00 E Map references: Oceania Area: total: 7,686,850 sq km land: 7,617,930 sq km water: 68,920 sq km note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island Area - comparative: slightly smaller than the US Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 25,760 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm.name: Conventional long form: Commonwealth of Australia Conventional short form: Australia Data code: AS Government type: democratic, federal-state system recognizing the British monarch as sovereign.of Australia is arid to semi-arid which in non-weather-spotters terms means desert and almost desert. The climate is temperate in the south and south-east, while the further north you head the more tropical it becomes. Tropical in this case means its hot and dry for six months, and hot and wet for the other six months. The locals have long replaced traditional seasons like summer, spring and autumn with just two season known as wet and dry.: generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north. The continents lowest point is Lake Eyre at -15m (-49 feet) below sea-level. The lake hasnt had water in it for eons - its flat, salty and baked hard by the sun.highest point is Mount Kosciuszko at 2,229 m (a touch over 7,000 feet). The first European to set foot on it was Polish-born explorer Paul Edmund de Strzelecki who named it after Polish patriot Tadeusz Kosciuszko. Aborigines used to travel hundreds of kilometers to eat the Bogong Moths that migrate to the mountain every year. Bogongs are considered a delicacy and apparently taste like nuts when roasted over coals.has an abundance of natural resources that miners have been digging up since they learnt how. Theres bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum and uranium.resources: bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleumuse:land: 6.88% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 93.09% (1998 est.) Irrigated land: 24,000 sq km (1998 est.) Enter a new paragraph Cyclones threaten the north coast of Australia roughly every year. However not since 1974 when Cyclone Tracey flattened Darwin has there been loss of life. In the middle of the country there can be severe droughts. Floods can also bring great damage, especially to farm lands.hazards: cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires- current issues: soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources.- international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification Geography - note: worlds smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; regular, tropical, invigorating, sea breeze is known.
.2 States of Australia
capital of Australia is very famous city - Canberra. Administrative divisions: 6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia.. Queensland is Australias second largest state, covering 1 722 000 km2 and the third most populous with more than 3.6 million inhabitants. It occupies 22.5 per cent of the continent in the north-east and has boundaries with New South Wales, South Australia and the Northern Territory. It is bounded by the Gulf of Carpentaria, Torres Strait and the Coral Sea in the north, and the South Pacific Ocean in the east. The total coastline is 7400 km with the corals of the Great Barrier Reef fringing the eastern coastline for more than 2000 kilometres. Brisbane, the capital, is located in the south-eastern corner of the State. The people of Queensland enjoy an outdoor lifestyle with world class beaches and waterways, national parks, rainforests and tropical reefs. Our pleasant climate (average summer temperatures of 25 degrees Celsius, average winter temperatures of 15 degrees Celsius) means that Queenslanders enjoy more winter sunshine and warmth than most other Australian states. With up-to-date technology and services, the lowest taxes in Australia and plenty of space to develop and expand, Queensland is the preferred location for many new businesses each year.s enviable lifestyle ensures that its current population of over 3.6 million continues to grow and prosper.State flag dates from the time when Queensland was a self-governing British colony with its own navy. In 1865, the Governor of Queensland was told by the Admiralty in London that the colonys vessels of war should fly the Blue Ensign, imposed with the colonys badge, on the stern, and a blue pennant at the mastheadSouth Wales. New South Wales is in the south-east part of the Australian continent and is the most populous and heavily industrialized State in Australia, with a highly urbanized population.capital of New South Wales is Sydney, the site of the countrys oldest European settlement and its largest and most cosmopolitan city, with ethnic communities from more than 100 countries. The citys icons include The Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney Harbour Bridge and The Sydney Opera House. Sydney hosted the 2000 Olympic Games, an important international finance centre and home to one of the worlds great seaports.total area of the State is 802 000 km2 or 10.4 per cent of Australias total area and includes Lord Howe, a small island in the Pacific Ocean. We have included information on the people of each region to show some simple statistics on the local demographics. When learning about a new place its helpful to see how many people live there. The histories of each region are unique and have mounded