Antitrast law
Информация - Юриспруденция, право, государство
Другие материалы по предмету Юриспруденция, право, государство
e economic environment of its competitors.States Steel Corporation argued that Microsoft always worked on behalf of the consumer and that splitting the company would diminish efficiency and slow the pace of software development.
Enforcement
ishometotheUnitedStatesantitrust enforcers.
oftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofJustice<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice>andtheFederalTradeCommission<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission>,canbringcivillawsuits<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_lawsuit>enforcingthelaws.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofJusticealonemaybringcriminalantitrustsuitsunderfederalantitrustlawsPerhapsthemostfamousantitrustenforcementactionsbroughtbythefederalgovernmentwerethebreak-upofAT&Tslocaltelephoneservicemonopoly<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_System_divestiture>intheearly1980s<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law>anditsactionsagainstMicrosoftinthelate1990s<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Microsoft_antitrust_case>.,thefederalgovernmentalsoreviewspotentialmergers<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merger_control>toattempttopreventmarketconcentration<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_concentration>.AsoutlinedbytheHart-Scott-RodinoAntitrustImprovementsAct<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart-Scott-Rodino_Antitrust_Improvements_Act>,largercompaniesattemptingtomergemustfirstnotifytheFederalTradeCommissionandtheDepartmentofJusticesAntitrustDivisionpriortoconsummatingamerger.<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law>Theseagenciesthenreviewtheproposedmergerfirstbydefiningwhatthemarketisandthendeterminingthemarketconcentration<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_ratio>usingtheHerfindahl-HirschmanIndex(HHI)andeachcompanysmarketshare<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_share>.<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law>Thegovernmentlookstoavoidallowingacompanytodevelopmarketpower<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_power>,whichifleftuncheckedcouldleadtomonopolypower.governmentsattorneysgeneral<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_attorneys_general>mayfilesuitstoenforcebothstateandfederalantitrustlaws.suitscivilsuitsmaybebrought,inbothstateandfederalcourt,againstviolatorsofstateandfederalantitrustlaw.Federalantitrustlaws,aswellasmoststatelaws,providefortripledamagesagainstantitrustviolatorsinordertoencourageprivatelawsuitenforcementofantitrustlaw.Thus,ifacompanyissuedformonopolizingamarketandthejuryconcludestheconductresultedinconsumersbeingovercharged$200,000,thatamountwillautomaticallybetripled,sotheinjuredconsumerswillreceive$600,000.TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtsummarizedwhyCongressauthorizedprivateantitrustlawsuitsinthecaseHawaiiv.StandardOilCo.ofCal.<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii_v.