Смягчение воды методом ионного обмена
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n a level рН and of some other factors, render the increasedcorrosive attack to water pipes. Therefore, in a number of applications (it is especial in the heating engineer) sometimes it is necessary to carry out special processing of water with the purpose of achievement of an optimum ratio between rigidity of water and its corrosion activity.
EXPERIMENTAL PART
The adsorption processes including both processes cleanly including physical, and the processes conducting to formation of new chemical substances are rather various. Processes concern to them ion-exchange chromatographies proceeding between ionits and solutions of electrolit also.
Due to the universality and these processes have found of flexibility wide application in analytical chemistry, food and an iron and steel industry, in power system, water-preparation and in many other areas of a science and technics(technical equipment), and now supersede from an industrial practice other methods sorption [1-3]. Despite of the big assortment industrial ionits, the majority of them, especially, condensation type differ such low parameters, as low speed sorption, small stability to thermal, chemical influences, etc. It limits opportunities and spheres of their application [4,5].
By us it is received new monofunctional sulphocationite on the basis of interaction of styrene with an accessible and cheap waste of agricultural and cotton scraping industries.
Sorption abilities of sulphocationite to ions of calcium, magnesium, copper, nickel carried out research from 0.1N solutions of СаСl2, MgCl2, CuSO4 and NiSO4. Sorption of calcium and magnesium determined by trilonometric, copper by iodometric, nickel by photocolorimetric methods [10,11].
According to the literary data, polymers and ion-exchangers, received on the basis of derivatives of furan differ from raised thermal and chemical stability and mechanical durability [5,6]. The basic properties of received sulphocationite are submitted in table 1.
Table 1
The main physical and chemical parameters of received sulphocationite
№ParametersValues1.Bulk weight, g/ml0.682.Specific volume of bulk cationit in Н-form, ml/g3.53.Static exchange capacity, in mg - ecv/g, on:0.1N. solution of NaOH5,20.1N. solution of NaCl4.50.1N. solution of СaCl2Н-form4.2Nа-form4.80.1N. solution of MgCl2Н-form3.0Nа-form3.80.1 N. solution of СuSO4Н-form2.6Nа-form3.00.1 N. solution of NiSO4Н-form2.15Nа-form2.344.Mechanical durability99 %As is known in many regions of our republic used in a life and on manufacture water has high rigidity which sometimes reaches up to 12 mg-ecv/l instead of 2874-82 "Potable water" received according to GOST 2.5-7 mg-ecv/l.
From the data of table 1 it is visible, that the examinee cationit possesses high enough parameters of size of exchange capacity on ions of calcium and magnesium. As object of research we had been used artesian water of area Shurchi in Surkhan-Darya area which has rigidity of 12.2 mg-ecv/l. Cationits tested in Н-and Na-forms.
1 gr. of cationit filled in 200 ml of researched water. In 24 hours water separated from cationit and determined its rigidity trilonometric method at the presence of the indicator chromogen black. Thus rigidity of water in the Н-form has made 4.5 mg - ecv/l, and in the Na-form of 2.2 mg - ecv/l.
Except for it we had been carried out researches on softening water of 2.5 mg-ecv/l having rigidity. After contact within 6 hours of water with cationit rigidity of it corresponded at use cationit in:
the Н-form 0.8 mg-ecv/l;
the Na-form 0.4 mg-ecv/l.
Results of the received researches testifies to perspectivity of work with the examinee with sulphocationite.
Vocabulary
Adjournment
Artesian water
Cationit
Anionit
Sorption
Sulphocationite
Rigidity
Indicator chromogen black
Thrilonometric
Bulk weight
Condensation
Hydrocarbonate
Slag
Scum
Ionits
Alkalinity
Softening
Calcium
Magnesium.
Sewage
Corrosion activity
Static exchange capacity
Swelling capacity
Iodometric,
Photocolorimetric
Chemical stability
Thermal stability
Reagent method
Potable water
Cotton scraping industries
Polycondensation
Correspond
Сopper
desorption
Potentiometric titration
Flexibility
Specific volume
Отложения
Артезианская вода
Катионит
Анионит
Сорбция
Сульфокатионит
Жесткость
Индикатор хромоген черный
Трилонометрический
Насыпной вес
Конденсация
Гидрокарбонат
Шлак
Накипь
Ионит
Щелочность
Умягчение
Кальций
Магний
Сточные воды
Деятельность коррозии
Статическая обменная емкость
Влажность
Иодометрический
Фотокалориметрический
Химическая устойчивость
Термическая устойчивость
Реагентный метод
Питьевая вода
Хлопчатоочистительная пром.
Поликонденсация
Переписываются
Медь
Десорбция
Потенциометрич. титрование Гибкость
Удельный объемСписок литературы
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Гельферих Ф. Иониты,М.: Изд. ИЛ., 1962 г.
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Пешкова В.М., Громова М.И. Практическое руководство по спектрофотометрии и калориметрии. М.: Изд.Московского Университета, 1965 г.