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01.04.07 - :2010.
У Ф : -, -,..
-, -,..
-, -..
: " " "19 " 2010. 15. 00. 212.130.06 У Ф : 115409, 31,. 32391-67, 324-84-98.
У Ф У Ф 2010.
....,,,,,.,,.,.
- ( ). [1]., -,.,,.. [2].
, " ",,,.
30, (.,, [3Ц6]).,., p,.
p, :..,,..
,.,,,.,, (,, [7] )..
,.,,,,.
:. :, (, ),,.
:
1. N-.
2., K0.3MoO3 NbSe3.
3. - -I-.
4. N-.
5..
,.,.
,,,.,., 1 103.,.
,., -,,..,,,.,,.
: K0.3MoO3; NbSe3 TaS3.,,.
:
- -,,.
- -. p NbSe3.
-. Nb-NbSe3.
-.,,.
-,.,,. :,..
- NbSe3.,.,.,.
- NbSe3.,,, B 10, -.
- NbSe3, (E < Et),,,. NbSe3.
-, NbSe3,.,.
- NbSe3.
,,,.
- - NbSe3..
.,,,.
-..
,. -.,.
.,. NbSe3.
NbSe3,.
, 1) - :,.
2) -. NbSe3.
3) S- (S) Nb-NbSe3.
4), -.
5),..
6) -..
7) NbSe3. NbSe3.,,.
8) -,, -.
9) NbSe3,,. NbSe3. - NbSe3.
.,.
,, :
XXXI ( -31,, 1998.) ( ); XXII (LT-22,, 1999.); 4- (, 1999.) ( );
ECRYS-(,, 1999.); ECRYS-02 ( -,, 2002.); ECRYS-(,, 2005.); ECRYS-08 (,, 2008.) ( ); - (,, 2002.); (,, 20.); (,, 2006.); (,, 2007) ( ); ( ); (CRTBTCNRS)(, ).
.
33, 25 8..
. 9,, 181, 99, 206.
.,.,..
2.,,..
,..,.,.
,.
. " " K0.3MoO3, NbSe3 TaS3. K0.3MoO3 103 - 104 2. NbSe TaS3 ( ), 1-100 0.1-50.,.
( ), Au, " " In.
N-, [8].
Au-K0.3MoO3.. 50 100, =77.
(FIB).
.., , (< ) NbSe3.,, (, ).
(N- ).
.,..,.....,.
.,.. Au-Au-K0.3MoO3 T = 77. Tp = 183 -. Tp, 1.03 Point-contact Au-(Au-K0.3MoO 3) T=77 K 1.1.1.0.-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 1V (mV). 1: Rd(V) Au-Au-K0.3MoO3 T = 77.
Rd(V) V = 0 | eV0 | 50, " ", [9].. 1.
Rd(0) 50., Rd(V) N-, N-,. Rd(V)/RdN(V)..2, N-, " ". Rd(V) " "., " " :, [10] [11],, " ",., E < p. d dN R /R R /R N N eV/ CDW -e-h. 2: - N-N-,,. - -.
N-,. NbSe3.
.,,,,., 50 4.
,,. N-. |V| <100, RdN(V), V = 0.. " " Rd(V),, T < 59. |V1| 75-80 b, 85-95 c 65-80 a-. |V2| 28-34; 24-30 24-30, b; c a-. -100 -50 0 5 0 1 V (m V ). 3: Rd(V)/RdN(V) T =3.8 K Au - NbSe3 a. p1 =65.0 p2 =24.5.
, Rd(0)/RdN(0), 3.5-9.5, a b- 1.4-2.7 c-., a.3.
, N-NbSe3,, N-I-. p1/e p2/e,, NbSe3.,, p..3 p1 = 65.0 and p2 = 24.5.,,., NbSe3 [12].
(.4 5). n R /R 1.0.8 0.0.0.0.0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 40 80 120 1T /T p T, K. 4: NbSe. a) ; b). (T).
.
. 5: NbSe3 (T).
(T).,., 2p/kBTp 6 - 8 3.52,.
,. Nb, 5 200. NbSe3. NbSe3,., Tc, [13] -. N-, -,, V > s/e (s - ) - N-.
meV (T) (0) , pp /, T < Tc, |V| 1.5 mV, Nb. [14] Nb-NbSe3. V s/e,. V > s/e,, -, N-.,, -,,.
.,,, [3]. - j ( 104 A/cm2)..,..
,, 10 104 ,.
Au-(Au-K0.3MoO3). : Au-Au Rd0 = 40 50, V0, K0.3MoO3, Rd,. Rd > Rd0 2p 100. 1 0 2 4 А/см J,. 6: 2V0 J N- - (Х - h=50 ; - h=100 ) =77..
p N- -.
d h, d -, h -.,, N- - :
I cos2 J = (1) 2 h I -..6 2V0 ( 2p/e) I/h2,, d = 50 100.,, V0 J N- - Jc = 4.8 1 / 2, V0,.
, d, - 2d.. NbSe3-NbSe3 2V, мВ 8b b 764- 0.15 kV /cm 4- 0.42 kV /cm - 1.11 kV /cm 3- 2.38 kV /cm - 3.30 kV /cm 2- 3.90 kV /cm - 4.70 kV /cm 11-0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.100 200 3I (m A ) T, K. 7:, Rd(I), NbSe3ЦNbSe3 T = 77 K. I0..
. 8: TaS3. - TaS3 (E < 0.1 / ).
, b..7, Rd(I), NbSe3-NbSe3 T=77 K. Rd,,. Rd, [3]. ( ) I0. I0 Ц,. Rd(I) I0,,.
I j d2/4, j, li R = Rd Rds - d, Rd. = 3 10- l=100, j0 = 6 107 A/ 2.
NbSe3-NbSe3 --d R ( ) 1/R, I0,.
. -. TaS3, 10-3 2.,, W. W V dT/dW,,.,.
TaS3,,..8., (E Et = 25 / )., E 3 /, (dR/dT < 0)., E0 = 3.3 / (j0 = 107 / 2).
, dR/dT > 0. j0 dT/dW,., TaS3, j0 107 / 2,.
-.,, : j0 = 5.9 107 A/ 2 NbSe3; 107 A/cm2 TaS3 4.8107 A/ 2 K0.3MoO3.. v = j0/ne, n Ц, v = 2.7 105 / NbSe3; 0.2 105 / TaS 0.6 105 / K0.3MoO3,,, vs, : v = 5, 5 105 / NbSe3; 4 105 / TaS3 4.51 / K0.3MoO3., -, v vs,.,.
,,, - c, p. (k) k = kFv/vF k. = v kF k = +kF -kF.,, , p: v kF p., v p/ kF. : j0 (nep)/( kF) 108 A/ 2.
,, j0,.
K0.3MoO3..9 N-K0.3MoO3., V,...,, ( ), : - Ц,,.
,.,,..
R(V),. R R( ) + R0, R0 V, R( ) 1T=77 K E eV -0.2 0 0.V (V). 9: - ( n- ). ( ).
. 10: Cu-K0.3MoO3, ; T=77. Ц, - (2).
nn+ p. p, V: = bV; b = Ц. :
b(V - V0) R(V) = R1/ cosh( ) + R0. (2) kT ; V0 Ц, bV0 0. R1,, R0,... (2) R(V) Cu-K0.3MoO3 77.
.10 R V/I, V, (R(0) > 30 ) Cu-K0.3MoO3 T = 78. R (k ),., R(V),. V = V0 > 0. V0 60-110 ; V0(T) 77-84.
.10 R(V) (2).,. R1,, R0,... b 1/20, 0 = aV0 3 - 5. b,,., kT, ( ).,,,.
V0,, T 140 K. R(V).
(2) b.,,. 1,...
, R(0) < 30,,. Vt,...,. q 2 /a, a d A -, 2, R(T):
2 q(d /dq) kT(2 /(aq))(R(T)/R(300 K)) (3) d /dq [15] . 2,,,. 2 a,,,, d. Vt., ( a). (.. ) a,... Vt K0.3MoO3. Vt 80Ц160.,,. (3) Vt. d /dq. V = V0 exp(T0/T), T0 = 200.
- TaS3., Cu-K0.3MoO3 : Rd(V) TaS3..
,, TaS3.,, ,,.
Cu-K0.3MoO3 T > 77, 135.37.40.44.147.Vd 53.57.V1Vc 62.9 67.71.78.-0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 4V (V) V (mV) V. 11: R( ) V Cu-K0.3MoO3.
I. 12: Rd = dV/dI),.11 T = 40 K.
V = 0, V = V0,.
( 77 K),.
R V Cu-K0.3MoO3.11. 77 V0.., Vd,,,, (..12)., T 60 K.. R V = Vd., ( ).
V0 (> 70 K), R ( ) d R (MOhm).,.11,, K0.3MoO3..,,,., q, T q(T) K0.3MoO3 [9]. Cu-K0.3MoO3 T,, (i-c).
NbSe3.,.,,, a,,.
S = 1 4 2 30 50, NbSe3-NbSe3. 35 ( ). 6-8, T =4.2 20., T < Tp2 V, |V| =50, 100, 150, |V| = nV0, V0 =50 n =1, 2, 3. 25 Vn T 59, NbSe3., V0 =mV, 2p2/e NbSe3, Vn(T)/Vn(0),.
-p1/e -2p2/e 2p2/e p1/e V (mV). 13: Rd(V) NbSe3-NbSe3, a T = 4.2.
.., (p) = (q) - eV 2. (p) = (q) eV .
eV > 2 V, 2/e. 2.,.
13 NbSe3-NbSe3, a., Rd0., Rd0. Rd0 > 100, : Rd(V) |V| 50 V < p2/e, |V| = 50 |V| = 70 - 90 2p2/e p1 NbSe3., dV/dI ( ),, ( ), (> 50 mV),. NbSe3-NbSe3,,,,.
,,, NbSe3. (..13) ., V 5 mV, -, p2/e,.,.,.,,.13.
NbSe3. NbSe3,,,. [16],., (NbSe3 ) -.,.,,.,. N-NbSe3. :
Rd(0) = (4) 2N(0)e2vF( /4)d N(0), d Ц.
, Rd(0).,. NbSe3,,. N(0) 4. 10%.,, -.
:, NbSe3. NbSe3, < 5 R(300K)/R(4.2K)> 100., ( b - c).
a 1o..
.14, Rn = (R(B) R(0))/R(0), B = 8.5 c. 30o. 2, 1, 1, 1,1, 1, 0, -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 0 10 20 30 40 [t]. 14:, Rn, B = 8.5 c.
. 15:,, c. B( = 0)/(cos2 + (mx/mz) sin2 )1/2 (mx/mz) = 0.10.
. B > 3.5 - - ( ). -., n.,, n, .. 30o B = 8.5 = 0o, Rn( ),.14., [17], a ( 0.28 0.30 )..15, Bm,, c. :
Bm( ) = Bm( = 0)/(cos2 + (mx/mz) sin2 )1/2, (5) m R (Ом) B (T) mx/mz. (mx/mz) = 0, 10.., Bm( ) (5),,, b,,. NbSe3,,.,,,, ( b).,,.
NbSe3..,, Rxy, T < 35 (B 8.5 )., Bzc,,. Bzc.16. Bzc(T) = B(0)exp(T/T0) (.16), B(0) = 0.17 T T0 = 8.9 K.
, Rxx. dRxx/dB, B0., B < B0 B2, (B > B0) Rxx B. B0.16.
, Bzc(T) B0(T),,., Bzc(T) B0(T).,, n- ( ) Bzc B0,0 10 20 T (K). 16: (color online) Bzc, ( ), B0, dRxx/dB ( ).
p- ( ). B < B0, Rxx B2, [18]. B0 Bzc,,. (B > B0) Rxx B.,,.,. [19],,,. [20],,,,., NbSe3 " ",.
. - Tp1. Tp2,,, zc B, B (T) " " " ",.,.
. NbSe3 (< 5 T = 4.2 ), c (.17)., Bmax,. Bmin,,.
,, (Rxy = 0). NbSe3.., Bzc, Bzc : B < Bzc B > Bzc, B Bzc., B = Bzc.
,, B = Bzc,,,..
,, TaS3 K0.3MoO3, ET,. [21].,.,. 17: R(B) NbSe3, d = 0.3 T = 4.2 K B c. Bmax Bmin..
,, : У Ф,., NbSe3. NbSe B = 9 T..
18, VH,, VL, 30 K.
,, T 30 K, VH(VL), Et,.., |VH| p-, У Ф [21]., n- : |VH|. " ",, У Ф., NbSe3. VH (mV) 1.7 T 3.4 T 5.2 T VL (mV) -20 -10 0 10 -6.9 T 8.5 T -. 18:, VH,, VL T = 30 K,.,, Ц. У Ф, p-,, |VH| n-,.
.
1. (N) " "., N-.
2. NbSe N-,.., E < p,, N(E),.,.
3. S (Nb)- (NbSe3).,,, S-.,,., " ", S-N-.
4.,,, NbSe3,,.. NbSe3-I-NbSe3,.,.
5., j0,.. j0 K0.3MoO3, NbSe3 TaS3.
6. -. 80-150 [22].,,. :,. K0.3MoO3.,.,, d 100 . d T,,., TP,. TP.
7. - (T < 77 ). Ц..,.
8. NbSe3, 9,,, NbSe3, - [16],,,,.
9. -, NbSe3 c,,,,,,.
10. NbSe3, (E < Et),,,., Rxx(B) n p-, NbSe3.
11...
12.,,.,.
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