5. Генрик Ибсен, Собр. соч. в 4 х томах, том 2. Пер Гюнт. Перевод А. и П. Ганзен. М.:, Искусство, 1956. Стр. 405.
6. Там же, стр. 411.
7. См. Character analysis: principles and technique for psychoanalysis in practice and training, trans. T. P. Wolfe (New York, 1945).
8. Jerome Cagan, Psychological development of the child. In Frank Falkner, Human development (Philadelphia, 1966).
9. Ирвин Джанис из Йеля в своем исследовании госпитализирован ных людей, которым предстояла операция, обнаружил, что и те, у кого Уне было тревогиФ, и те, кто тревожился чрезмерно, находи лись в бедственном положении. Самое благоприятное состояние было у людей с умеренной тревогой, которые, по выражению Джа ниса, брали на себя Утруд волноватьсяФ адекватно. (Ср. Psychological stress [New York, 1974]).
10. R. R. Grinker and S. P. Spiegel, Men under stress (Philadelphia, 1945).
11. Op. sit., стр. 633.
12. Erich Fromm, Man for himself, an inquiry into the psychology of ethics (New York, 1947).
13. Критическое отношение Фрейда к религиозным догмам и его соб 364 Смысл тревоги ственная горячая преданность науке как способы достижения счас тья показаны в двух его книгах: The future of an illusion (London and New York, 1961) и Civilization and its discontents (London and New York, 1961).
К ГЛАВЕ 1. E. Paul Torrance, Comparative studies of the stress seeking in the imaginative stories of preadolescents in twelve different subcultures, in Samuel Klausner (ed.), Why man takes chances: studies in stress seeking (New York, 1968).
2. Оценивание было проведено доктором Бруно Клопфером, экспер том по тесту Роршаха. Оценка интеллектуального потенциала осно вывается на тесте Роршаха, и ее нужно отличать от интеллектуаль ной эффективности. Я сильно сомневаюсь в том, важны ли для нашей проблемы результаты тестов, измеряющих эффективность интеллекта.
Случай Шарлотты опущен, поскольку психотические образования привносят в картину личности посторонние элементы, главный из которых Ч уклонение от любых конфликтов, провоцирующих тре вогу.
Я стараюсь быть в курсе современной полемики относительно из мерений интеллекта. УИнтеллектуальный потенциаФ можно на звать Утворческим потенциаломФ, и при этом суть моих утвержде ний не изменится.
3. УЯ могу тревожитьсяФ Ч то же самое, что Уя тревожусьФ, но только в менее сильной форме.
4. В обсуждении случая Сары было показано, что для нее внебрачная беременность была не такой тревожащей ситуацией, как для белых женщин. Следовательно, я сомневаюсь, что ее исключительности следует придавать большое значение.
5. См. стр. 45.
6. В качестве примера связи тревоги и интеллекта: Амен и Ренисон провели исследование детских страхов и сделали вывод, что более умные дети могут ярко вспомнить свои переживания страха и спро ецировать их в будущее как потенциальные источники угрозы.
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366 Смысл тревоги К ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯМ 1. Три приведенных здесь опросных листа использовались для изуче ния фокуса тревоги у незамужних матерей, как описано в тексте, и не предназначены для других целей.
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