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Контрольная: Английский язык 

     Task 1. Fill in the gaps in the chat and in the definitions. You will need
more than one word in the some gaps.
     
     Text 1 Read the story and translate.
     Туризм разрушает все, чего касается? 
При входе в один из разрушенных храмов Петры в Иордании, есть надпись,
высеченная в скалe. Выглядит, как будто была там в течение многих столетий.
Эта надпись, возможно, была вырезана одним из солдатов Короля Эрода, когда
они были заключены в тюрьму  в 40 до н.э., Но более близкий осмотр
показывает, что эта надпись не является настолько древней. Читаем:
Шан и Вендай из Сиднея были здесь. 16Апреля  1996.
Руины Петры были обнаружены в 1810 швейцарским исследователем, и недавнее
сообщение только что заключило, что "они находятся в серьезной опасности  от
того, чтобы не быть разрушенными от большого наплыва  туристов". Больше чем 4
000 туристов в день бродят по  скалистым могилам Петры. Они стирают мягкий
красный песчаник в порошок и (иногда!) царапают свои имена на скале..
И не только Петра,  находится под угрозой разрушения. Больше чем 600
миллионов туристов в год  путешествуют по земному шару, и большое количество
их хотят посетить всемирно охраняемые места: Парфенон, Taj Malial,
Stonehenge, национальные парки Кении. Туристская индустрия скоро будет
крупнейшей  в мире, и ей только исполнилось 50 лет. Много мест, которые были
отдаленны - теперь являются  местами отдыха по путевке. Ничто не остановит
рост туризма?
     TEXT 2 Read and translate into Rassian
     Клуб единомышленников - группа людей с одинаковыми  направленностями или
интересами, которые ездят в места по интересам. Примером может быть клуб
любителей  сада, делающий тур по английским садам.
     Аэробус - большой самолет с пассажировместимостью приблизительно 400
пассажиров. Термин наиболее часто относится к Боингу 747. Фактор груза означает
число мест, которые были проданы на самолет. Этот термин также относится к в
centage мест, которые должны быть проданы прежде, чем полет выгоден.
     Агентство проката автомобилей (или прокат автомобилей в Англии) -
обслуживание состоит в том, чтобы сдавать в аренду автомобили на короткий
промежуток времени. Круиз Ц путешествие на судне. Это - не  регулярная,
запланированная услуга.
     Запланированная авиалиния используется   самолетами  на неподвижных
маршрутах в неподвижные времена. Другими словами, она работает согласно
расписанию.
     Чартерный самолет - самолет, который был арендован, чтобы лететь, туда
где обслуживание необходимо.
     IT -  означает  упакованный тур, который предполагает транспортировку;
Транспортировка входит в большинство  туров находится на запланированных
авиалиниях, хотя некоторые ездят  - на автобусе и по железной дороге.
     ITX Цв  базирующий тур входит оплата за проезд . Специальная более низкая
плата за проезд, предлагается для продажи запланированными авиалиниями через
туроператоров  и турагентов.
     Ex. 2 Match the adjectives in A with the nouns in B. Use a dictionary if
necessary.
A foregone  conclusion
A stumbling  issue
A vested       block
A workable          arrangement
A heated        interest
A key       argument
A fruitful collaboration
     Ex. 5 Each blank in the text below contains one missing word which Is
strongly associated with another word nearby. The missing words are in the box.
Use the words in the box  to fill the gaps in the text. 
1)Cry, 2)soak, 3)dine, 4)spare, 5)stuff, 6)style, 7)far, 8)effort, 9)good,
10)time, 11)images, 12)walk, 13)hand/hands, 14)entertainment
SAIL AWAY
Ask anyone to name the ultimate luxury holiday and the chances are that
theyТll say Уa cruiseФ.
It conjures up (a)..11)...of elegantly-dressed couples promenading  n a
moonlit deck. Of  rich, elderly people with time on their (b) 4)..and a
desire to see the world in (c).13)... But although the romance of  the
golden age of cruising remains, the average age of todayТs passengers is 37 Ц a
far(d).10).. From the be-showed, blanketed image of yesteryear.
The superb range of leisure activities and wealth of(e) .14).has made
cruising a godsend  for families. Parents can relax and enjoy themselves in the
sure knowledge that their children are in(f).9).. hands in the УkidТs
centreФ
But for young and old alike the appeal of cruising holiday is the ability to
move effortlessly from one place to another. To this end cruise line have put a
lot of time and(g).6)..into developing their shore excursion
programmers.
Nowadays they can include such activities as trucking in the Malaysian jungle,
catching fish in the fjords, landing on a mighty glacier or clambering  over
Greek ruins. That is, if youТve got time to(h).12)..with so many
exciting on-board activities to chose from. Passengers can try their (i).8)
..at anything from aerobics to scuba diving. Evening entertainment continues(j).
7)..into the  night with casinos, cinemas, and discos just a short(k).1)
..away from their cabin.
Another major advantage of cruising is the superb standard of food. You can wine
and(l) .3).through to the early hours. If none of this appeals and you
wish only to while away the(m).10).as you(n)..2).up the sun, why
not consider one of cruisingТs unusual destinations and destinations and take a
trip to Alaska& Sailing through the dazzling blue whiteness, spotting a
whale or a bear in the(o) .5).of which memories are made.
     Ex. 6 Connections. All these words are connected with transport. Put them
into logical sets:
Sea,                       Rail,                          Air,
Road,                        Phrasal verbs,
Cruise,                  platform,                  steward,
highway,                   break down,
     
Sail
Cruise
 harbour starboard gangway
stand-by
Platform
 ticket collector compartment
set off
 stopover
 long-haul
Liner
jet bag registration runway
track
guard harbor
self-drive
station wagon, highway roundabout   crossing
 number
toll
press on.
drop off
break down
 see off
make
run out of

     TEXT 2
     Read and translate into Russian
Каждый год британские бизнесмены, тратят 20bn -  это эквивалент 5 процентов
валового национального продукта -. на путешествия и развлечения.  Затраты на
путешествия и развлечения опережают национальный счет по корпоративным
налогам  и нормам Сохранение спроса на  путешествия находится под контролем,
т.к. это бесконечная борьба многих корпораций. Компании хотят быть в
состоянии удерживать административное управление по расходам настолько
напряженным насколько возможно, контролировать и понимать образцы расходов и
идентифицировать возможности сбереженной стоимости. Найти способы сделать
более точные прогнозы бюджета - главная цель. Двадцать лет назад,
путешествующему бизнесмену  авиалинии  едва давали выбор, ему приходилось
выносить тесные места, кричащих детей и скудную пищу. Теперь  путешествующие
бизнесмены  это рынок, которого наиболее добиваются, за которым ухаживают
авиалинии не только потому, что требование исполнителями для авиалинии
помещает устойчивые остатки но также и потому что они имеют тенденцию платить
близко к полной плате за проезд.
Британские авиалинии провела 25 м., модернизаций  услуг  деловые класса. БА
обновляется,  создано два отличных клуба - Клуб Мира и Клуб Европа Ц это было
самым существенным развитием в путешествии деловым классом.
Новое обслуживание гальванизировало большинство конкурентов БА в радикальную
модернизацию услуг  делового  класса - так, что фактически каждую неделю
можно видеть какие-то усовершенствования, объявленные главной авиалинией,
поскольку каждый стремится получить конкурентоспособное преимущество.
Главная выгода для пассажиров обслуживающихся в  Клубе Мира это  значительное
увеличение места для ног и то, что места откидываются, а так же эти новые
места имеют другую форму контура и  заменили предыдущие довольно неудобные
места. Клуб Мира также предлагает установленные места в салоне так, чтобы
разделить пассажиров, платящих более высокую плату за проезд от эконом
класса, так  как  там значительно улучшенная пища и напитки.
Авиалиния также пристально следит за вопросами питания в полете и хотят ли
пассажиры   более питательную пищу. Некоторые полагают, что тенденция будет
вести к увеличению количества закусок  для пассажиров делового класса,
которые едят, когда пожелают.
     Task 2 Complete the gaps in this extract using the words from the box.
     However, for example, also, but, although, in addition/ thirdly/ them, for
instance, secondly, besides, first.
There are many advantages to staging an event such as this yearТs cultural
capital of Europe exhibition in Copenhagen ,__ first _______it is a
relatively small city so that many of the cultural events will take place
within a striking distance of  the Radhuspladsen (town hall square), now a
pedestrianised (pedestrians,  pedestrianism?) area. ____ besides _____
in  Denmark, bus and train services are efficient and clean ___ also 
____ the Copenhagen card, which is very reasonably priced, gives unlimited
travel throughout the city and a large area around it _____ in addition 
_________ permitting access to more than sixty sights and museums. _ 
Secondly _Copenhagen is a pretty city with an abundance of eighteenth
century buildings, canals and the occasional cobbled street, _ however 
_  not all Copenhagen is steeped in history. Half an hour from the centre of the
town by train and bus the view swings into the twentieth century. Beside the
sea on reclaimed land is the new 19 million museum of modern art. Nearby,
culture is permeating the unlikeliest places.  Although  at the
harbour (harbor) ninety-six containers from  ninety-six countries, linked by
walkways and stairs, are being turned into an unusual venue for a huge
international contemporary art show. _ For example _ if you have
children who do not fancy  going around exhibitions you will be able to leave
them with carers (careers, corers) in an area equipped with computers, crayons,
paper, a dining room, and a just-for-fun upside-down room where furniture is
fixed on the ceiling. One thing you will notice as you visit the museums and
galleries is the high quality of food, drink and service, a reflection of
standards generally found in Denmark, They are expensive. __ For instance 
_two cups of coffee and two cakes in cafeterias usually cost the equivalent of
5-6, _ but __ they are even more expensive in the domed conservatory of
the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, one of CopenhagenТs most  famous art galleries.
     Ex. 1 Open the brackets using the verbs in necessary forms.                 
1. Where - your luggage? - I have left it at station. I shall take it
tomorrow when Nick  comes to help me. 2. I had been reading about an hour
when he  came. 3. The play had not yet begun and the people were talking in
the hall. 4. Yesterday I   bought   a new pair of gloves, as I  had lost the
old ones. 5. We were walking in silence. He had already told me all that was
interesting about himself, and I had nothing to tell him. 6. The moon had not
risen yet, and only two stars, like two distant lighthouses, were shining in
the dark blue sky. 7. One night a little swallow  was flying over the city.
His friends had flown away to Egypt six weeks before, but   he had stayed
behind. 8. What have you been doing these three months? 9. Our train starts
late in the evening, so if you  come at seven oТclock, we shall still be
packing our luggage. 10. When did you see him last? 11. I  met him when he
was walking across the park. 12. Have you ever acted on the stage? Ц Why,
yes, thatТs what I have been doing for the last six years. 13. DonТt enter
the bedroom! The child is sleeping there, and he always wakes up when
somebody opens the door.
     Ex. 2 Open the brackets using the verbs in necessary forms.
1. Peter was reading by the fireplace when the door opened and the maid
entered. The cook was following her. 2. When the mother had satisfied herself
that the children were sleeping peacefully in their beds, she  took out the
Christmas presents and carefully put them into the stockings which  were
hanging at the beds. 3. If you  ring me up tomorrow, I shall tell you all
about it. 4. The lesson had not yet begun, and the children were talking
loudly in the corridor. 5. I have been living in St. Petersburg since 1991.
6. By the fifteenth of January the students will have passed all the
examinations. 7. The students had written the paper by dinner-time. 8. They
had been sailing down the river for many hours before they came to the
village. 9. I have not been to my home town for five years. 10. The rain had
stopped by the time we reached home. 11. The message  arrived five minutes
after he had left the house. 12. It was nearly eleven oТclock when we began
doing this work. 13. At last the reply from my grandmother come, and my
mother told me that she would come soon. 14. Here you are at last! I have
been waiting for you for twenty minutes. You are not ashamed?
     Ex. 6 Paraphrase the following sentences using Complex Subject. 
E.g. We heard that a car stopped outside the door. A car was heard to stop
outside the door. It is believed that the poem was written by Byron. The poem
is believed to have been written by Byron.
     
  1. Bernard Shaw was known to be a very      witty man. 2. The climate there
is  considered  to be very      healthful. 3. The Chinese dancers  were
announced to  arriving      next week. 4. The performance is expected to be a
success. 5. The      book  is said to be popular with both old and young. 6.
The      poem  is believed to have been written by an unknown soldier. 7. The
playwright  is supposed to   be working at a new comedy.8.      The flood
is reported to caused much damage to the crops. 9. The      crops were
supposed to  be rich   that year. 10. This      mineral water has been found
to be  very good for the liver. 11.      Electricity  is considered to exists
throughout space. 12. The      weather  in Europe is said to have been
exceedingly hot last summer.      13 This man  is said to have been handsome in
his youth. 14. five      ships were reported to be missing after the battle.
 
     Ex.7 Translate into English using the verbs in the Past simple Active or Past
Simple Passive.
I told Ц I was told.
I showed Ц I was shown.
She brought Ц She was brought.
We asked Ц We were asked.
We answered Ц We were answered.
We sent Ц We were sent.
They gave Ц They were given.
He helped Ц He was helped.
He advised Ц He was advised.
He forgot Ц He was forgotten.
He remembered Ц He was remembered.
We invited Ц We were invited.
We corrected Ц We were corrected.
He cured Ц He was cured.
He called Ц He was called.
     Ex.8 Translate into English using the verbs in the  Present, Past  or Future
Simple Passive.
I was told Ц I am told Ц I shall be told.
I was shown Ц I am shown Ц I shall be shown.
She was brought Ц She is brought Ц She will be brought.
We were asked Ц We are asked Ц We shall be asked.
We were answered Ц We are answered Ц We shall be answered.
We were sent Ц We are sent Ц We shall be sent.
They were given Ц They are given Ц They will be given.
He was helped Ц He is helped Ц He will be helped.
He was advised Ц He is advised Ц He will be advised.
He was forgotten Ц He is forgotten Ц He will be forgotten.
He was remembered Ц He is remembered Ц He will be remembered.
We were invited Ц We are invited Ц We shall be invited.
We were corrected Ц We are corrected Ц We shall be corrected.
He was called Ц He is called Ц He will be called.
     Ex.9. Write the sentences in Passive Voice.
1. She took a long time to write the composition, but at last it was written.
2. DonТt put the cup there it will be broken. 3. Why werenТt you at the
birthday party? Ц I wasnТt invited. 4. We met many difficulties, but all the
same the work was finished in time. 5. You will be left behind if you are not
quick. 6. All my money was spent on books last month. 7. I donТt  think all
this work will be done  today: there is too much of it. 8. ItТs a very funny
thing that when I start doing this, I am always stopped. 9. DonТt leave these
sweets on the table: they will be eaten. 10. The branch of the tree was
broken . 11. The bear was attacked by the bees when it tried to take their
honey.
     Ex. 10 Rewrite the sentences in Passive Voice.
1. Potatoes were bought yesterday. 2.The books will be brought tomorrow. 3. The
clock is being repaired now. 4. Milk is sold in this shop. 5. The  whole text
has been translated. 6. The window was broken last week. 7. When I came home,
the sweets had been eaten. 8. The work be done in the evening. 9. This book was
written in the 19th century. 10. Tennis was being played from four
till five. 11. A lot of money was stolen from the shop. 12. By six oТclock the
work had been finished. 13. At twelve oТclock the trucks were being loaded.
14. By three oТclock the trucks had been loaded. 15. Our daughter is  sent to
rest in the south every year. 16. This film will be show on TV. 17. A new
concert hall is being built in our street. 18. The number of important
experiments have been made in this laboratory.   19. Central Africa was
explored by Livingstone in the 19th century. 20. By the middle of
autumn all the trees had been planted. 21. This play will be staged at the
beginning of next season. 22. The story has been forgotten. 23. Have the rules
of the game been explained to you? 24.My skates havenТt been brought back.